Hasil untuk "Cattle"

Yang Wang, Rui Jiao, Xiyan Zhang et al.

ABSTRACT: Cronobacter (7 species) are prevalent foodborne pathogens with a remarkable capacity to adapt to acidic environments. This resilience enables them to persist in both food matrices and host organisms. Here we investigated the role of the 2-component system response regulator OmpR in the acid tolerance of Cronobacter. Under acid stress, Cronobacter malonaticus demonstrated significantly elevated expression of ompR and type VI secretion system (T6SS) genes, as well as a marked decrease in the survival of OmpR or T6SS structure gene mutants, indicating the pivotal role of OmpR and T6SS in acid tolerance. Notably, OmpR markedly enhanced the T6SS expression by binding specifically to its promoter, and the activated T6SS expedited adaptation to acidic environments and facilitated biofilm formation, thereby aiding Cronobacter's survival under acidic conditions. Moreover, knocking out ompR in 6 additional Cronobacter species resulted in decreased T6SS expression and tolerance to acid stress than their wild-type strains, which further solidifies the widespread nature of the acid tolerance mechanism predicated on the activation of T6SS by OmpR in Cronobacter spp. A comprehensive understanding of the adaptation mechanisms employed by Cronobacter spp. in acidic conditions will provide a theoretical foundation for managing their contamination in acidic food matrices and preventing infection outbreaks in the infant gastrointestinal tract.

Koto Ohsaki, Yuto Sano, Takashi Murakami et al.

This case report describes a rare instance of a bovine fetus with concurrent umbilical cord torsion and entanglement, which resulted in fetal growth restriction (FGR) and prolonged gestation. A 36-month-old primiparous Holstein cow, 285 days pregnant, was examined after failing to show signs of parturition. Fetal heartbeat was confirmed via abdominal ultrasonography until 295 days post-artificial insemination (AI) but was not detected thereafter, leading to a presumptive diagnosis of fetal death at 313 days post-AI. Following induction, the dead fetus was delivered at 316 days post-AI. Despite a gestational age of approximately 10.5 months, the fetus exhibited severe growth restriction that is equivalent to that of a normal 7-month-old fetus. The umbilical cord measured 40 cm—abnormally long for a 7-month-old fetus—and was tightly wrapped around the right hind limb with more than 360 degrees of torsion along its long axis. Maternal serum analysis revealed persistently high progesterone and markedly low estradiol concentrations before parturition, suggesting that the physiological process of parturition had not been initiated. It is speculated that the FGR resulted from chronic blood flow obstruction likely associated with the umbilical cord abnormalities, which were hypothesized to have occurred during the second trimester (approximately 4 months). The consequent absence of normal fetal signals to initiate parturition and the lack of periparturient endocrine changes contributed to prolonged gestation and underdeveloped mammary glands in the dam. This report represents the first detailed description of intrauterine umbilical cord abnormalities in cattle, demonstrating their potential to cause fetal developmental delay, prolonged gestation, and impaired mammary gland development.

John F. O’Grady, Gillian P. McHugo, James A. Ward et al.

Abstract Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis (bTB), an infectious disease of cattle that represents a zoonotic threat to humans. Research has shown that the peripheral blood (PB) transcriptome is perturbed during bTB disease but the genomic architecture underpinning this transcriptional response remains poorly understood. Here, we analyse PB transcriptomics data from 63 control and 60 confirmed M. bovis-infected animals and detect 2592 differently expressed genes perturbing multiple immune response pathways. Leveraging imputed genome-wide SNP data, we characterise thousands of cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and show that the PB transcriptome is substantially impacted by intrapopulation genomic variation during M. bovis infection. Integrating our cis-eQTL data with bTB susceptibility GWAS summary statistics, we perform a transcriptome-wide association study and identify 115 functionally relevant genes (including RGS10, GBP4, TREML2, and RELT) and provide important new omics data for understanding the host response to mycobacterial infections that cause tuberculosis in mammals.

Regina Bina Oakley, Gizachew Gemechu, Ashenafi Gebregiorgis et al.

<h4>Background</h4>Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, and Rift Valley fever virus are two under-researched zoonotic pathogens in Ethiopia. Potential outbreaks of these diseases, in light of the high dependency of nomadic pastoralists on their livestock, poses a risk to both human and animal health in addition to risking the pastoralists livelihoods. Our study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for Q fever and Rift Valley fever in pastoral communities in the Afar region of north-eastern Ethiopia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>This cross-sectional study screened pastoralists (n = 323) and their livestock (n = 1377) for IgG antibodies to Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus. A seroprevalence for Q fever of 25.0% (95%CI 18.6-32.6) was found in pastoralists and 34.3% (95%CI 27.9-41.3) in livestock overall; with 51.9% in goats (95%CI 44.9-58.8), 39.9% in sheep (95%CI 24.6-51.2), 16.3% in camels (95%CI 10.4-24.6) and 8.8% in cattle (95%CI 5.0-15.0). For Rift Valley fever the seroprevalence in pastoralists was 6.1% (95%CI 3.3-11.0) and 3.9% (95%CI 2.6-5.7) in livestock overall; cattle had the highest seroprevalence (8.3%, 95%CI 3.3-19.2), followed by goats (2.7%; 95%CI 1.4-5.1), sheep (2.5%; 95%CI 1.0-5.9) and camels (1.8%; 95%CI 0.4-6.9). Human Q fever seropositivity was found to be associated with goat abortions (OR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.18-3.78, p = 0.011), while Rift Valley fever seropositivity in livestock was found to be associated with cattle abortions (OR = 2.52, 95%CI 1.05-6.08, p = 0.039).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This study provides evidence for a notable exposure to both Q fever and Rift Valley fever in pastoralists and livestock in Afar. The outbreak potential of these pathogens warrants ongoing integrated human and animal surveillance requiring close collaboration of the human and animal health sectors with community representatives following a One Health approach.

Jaimie C. Hunnam, Kevin Lawrence, Zul Bahar A. Rashid et al.

A multi-method approach integrating data from four independent sources was used to describe some key features of the epidemiology and estimate the herd and within-herd incidence of fractured humeri in New Zealand dairy cattle for the period 2007–2015. The first dataset was from a national case series where cases of humeral fractures in dairy cattle were identified by veterinarians across New Zealand between the 2007/2008 and 2011/2012 lactation seasons. The second dataset was from a pet food company based in the Waikato region, which collated the number of casualty first- and second-lactation cows found to have a fractured humerus post-slaughter in the 2014/2015 lactation season, and the third dataset was a case series conducted by veterinarians employed in a Waikato veterinary business, also from the 2014/2015 lactation season. For the final dataset, 505 randomly selected New Zealand dairy farmers completed a phone survey on the incidence of non-responsive, non-weight-bearing forelimb lameness in first- and second-lactation cows in the 2014/2015 lactation season. Using the telephone survey results, the within-herd and herd-level incidence of cases for first- and second-lactation dairy animals was calculated. The national case series reported 149 cases of humeral fractures in 22 dairy herds; the pet food case series identified 61 cases from 41 farms; and the practice-based case series found 14 cases from 10 farms. Humeral fractures exclusively affected first- and second-lactation dairy cows and had a peak incidence between calving and early mating. The national telephone survey found that non-weight-bearing forelimb lameness requiring euthanasia of first- or second-lactation cows occurred in 11.7% of herds, with a mean within-herd incidence of 2.6% for first lactation cows and 2.8% for second-lactation cows for affected herds. These combined datasets demonstrate that humeral fractures in young, lactating dairy cattle are more common than previously suspected and that they occur nationally and over multiple years on some farms. Further work on this condition is urgently required in New Zealand to establish cost-effective management practices that will reduce unnecessary animal suffering and waste.

Afriani H., Adriani, Firmansyah et al.

Compost is an organic fertilizer made from plant residues and animal waste that has undergone a decomposition process. Compost must be managed using good techniques to become a product with sales value and can be used to fertilize agricultural plants. This research aims to analyze the application of management techniques compost in Jambi Province and the factors that influence it. This research uses a survey method. The sampling technique was carried out in 3 (three) stages, namely, the first stage, selecting districts using the simple random sampling method. The second stage selects sub-districts, and the third stage selects villages with farmers or farmers who manage compost using simple random sampling. The application of management techniques compost is measured based on the percentage of application, which is further classified into three categories: low, medium, and high. The Structural Equation Modeling analysis model with Partial Least Square is used to analyze factors that influence the application of management techniques compost in Jambi Province. The research results showed that the average application of compost management techniques was 73%, which is in the medium category. Farmer characteristics and environmental support in the livestock sector directly influence applying compost management techniques in Jambi Province. In contrast, innovation characteristics do not significantly mediate the indirect influence of breeder characteristics and environmental support in the livestock sector on the application of compost management techniques.

KAMARAJ ELANGO, ARUMUGAM KUMARESAN, MANOKARAN ASHOKAN et al.

Understanding the changes in the spermatozoa during cryopreservation is indispensable for tailoring and increasing the efficiency of cryopreservation process success. However, the dynamics of damage to sperm organelles during different stages of cryopreservation is underexplored. This study assessed the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA damage during different stages of cryopreservation, viz. immediately after ejaculation, after equilibration and after freezing and thawing in cattle and buffalo spermatozoa using flow cytometry. Proportion of spermatozoa with high MMP decreased significantly after equilibration (from 66.06±4.59 to 42.58±6.30 in Holstein bulls and from 60.32±5.51 to 39.98±7.58 in buffalo bulls). Sperm DNA integrity [DNA fragmentation index (DFI %)] in Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls did not differ significantly between fresh and equilibrated samples but a significantly higher % DFI was observed in frozen-thawed semen samples as compared to both fresh and equilibrated samples. In contrast, % DFI in buffalo spermatozoa did not differ among the three stages of cryopreservation. It was concluded that mitochondrial damages occur during equilibration while chromatin damages occur during freezing and thawing of cattle bull spermatozoa; whereas buffalo bull spermatozoa were lesser susceptible to DNA damage during cryopreservation as compared to cattle spermatozoa.

Y Kravchuk

Introduction. Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the whole world. In Ukraine leptospirosis is registered practically in all regions, however very much unevenly, that it is related to the level of acidity of soils. One of such regions there is the Ternopil region. Materials and methods. Were based on official statistics of the incidence leptospirosis in the Ukraine regions and carried out anti-epidemic activities in 1984-2014. Results & discussion. Ternopil region was expressed of leptospirosis with epizootic and epidemic level. The level of morbidity of people in this region exceeded middle state index and hesitated within the limits of 1,05-12,17 on a 100 thousand population, the most getting up was on 1992-2001 for of the last 30 years. The level of morbidity is increase at the end of summer and in autumn (at most in September), that, probably, it is related to the increase of quantity of rodents and "bathing" season. The etiologic structure of leptospirosis in region was by L. rippotyphosa at 1981, in 90th – L. icterohaemorrhagiae, later were L. hebdomadis, canicоla and pomona, first – L. kabura and L. polonica, at the same time part of L.icterohaemorrhagiae grew short to 37,5 %, diseases, caused L. grippotyphosa, – rare and not annually. In 2010 diseases were predefined by L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicоla, in 2011 – L. canicоla, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona. In 2012 from 19 cases of 10 were caused by L. canicоla, in 2013 from 26 – 12, in 2014 from 35 – 7. From 2004, became more frequent the mixed leptospirosis, part of which in separate years arrived at 25-37 % among. The agricultural animals (cattle, pigs, horse) and dogs are the independent reservoir of leptospiras. The agricultural animals and possibility of transmission by alimentary way of causative agent were assist maintenance of continuous epizootic process an circulations of causative agent in an interepidemic period during great while without the receipt of leptospiras from a natural reservoir.Was present the direct correlation between temperature of air and level of morbidity of people (r=0,77) and the same between the amount of precipitations and level of morbidity (r=0,79). Conclusion. The abiotic (climatic-ground terms, temperature of air, amount of precipitations) and biotic factors (vegetation, quantity and infected of rodents, and also other warm-blooded owners) of were confirmed as nathural reservuar of leptospirosis. The difference of soils acidity makes territorial division of disease, because leptospira is survive in alkaline soils and die quickly in acid.

C.A. Bateki, S. van Dijk, A. Wilkes et al.

Although East Africa is home to one of the most advanced dairy industries in Sub-Saharan Africa, regional annual milk production is insufficient to meet the demand. The challenge of increasing milk yields (MYs) among smallholder dairy cattle farmers (SDCFs) has received considerable attention and resulted in the introduction of various dairy management strategies (DMSs). Despite adoption of these DMSs, MYs remain low on-farm and there is a large discrepancy in the efficacy of DMSs across different farms. Therefore, the present study sought to: (1) identify on-farm DMSs employed by East African SDCFs to increase MYs and (2) summarize existing literature to quantify the expected MY changes associated with these identified DMSs. Data were collected through a comprehensive literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 experts from the East African dairy sector. Meta-analysis of the literature review data was performed by deriving four multivariate regression models (i.e. models 1 to 4) that related DMSs to expected MYs. Each model differed in the weighting strategy used (e.g. number of observations and inverse of the standard errors) and the preferred model was selected based on the root estimated error variance and concordance correlation coefficient. Nine DMSs were identified, of which only adoption of improved cattle breeds and improved feeding (i.e. increasing diet quality and quantity) consistently and significantly (P < 0.05) increased daily MYs across the available studies. Improved breeds alongside adequate feeding explained ≤50% of the daily MYs observed in the metadata while improved feeding explained ≤30% of the daily MYs observed across the different models. Conversely, calf suckling significantly (P < 0.05) reduced MYs according to model 2. Other variables including days in milk, trial length and maximum ambient temperature (used as a proxy for heat stress) contributed significantly to decreasing MYs. These variables may explain some of the heterogeneity in MY responses to DMSs reported in the literature. Our results suggest that using improved cattle breeds alongside improved feeding is the most reliable strategy to increase MYs on-farm in East Africa. Nevertheless, these DMSs should not be considered as standalone solutions but as a pool of options that should be combined depending on the resources available to the farmer to achieve a balance between using dairy cattle genetics, proper husbandry and feeding to secure higher MYs.

Javier Álvarez-Rodríguez, Isabel Casasús, Isabel Blanco-Penedo et al.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of two feeding levels and two breeds on the daily activity budget of indoor-housed lactating beef cows fed total mixed ration (TMR). We used a total of 20 cows from Parda de Montaña (PA, n = 14) and Pirenaica (PI, n = 6) breeds. To evaluate the feeding level, PA cows were fed the TMR at the maintenance level and in a restricted amount. To evaluate the breed effect, PA and PI cows were fed at maintenance. All cows were video recorded for 24 consecutive hours at weeks 3, 8 and 13 of lactation. Scan sampling at 10-min intervals was used to obtain information on their daily activity budget. The restricted feeding level did not affect the time standing or lying, but it reduced the time eating the TMR and increased the time exploring and/or eating straw bedding. Both breeds showed a similar daily activity budget, except for the time that they spent foraging straw, which was lower in PA than in PI breed. In conclusion, feeding level and breed of lactating beef cows fed on TMR during the indoor housing period did not affect the main contributors to the daily activity budget.

Canakoglu S. Sadet, Simsek S., Balkaya I. et al.

Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica is a common parasitic disease of livestock especially sheep and cattle. In this study molecular characterization of β-tubulin isotype 3 gene in Fasciola hepatica isolates from cattle and sheep in Turkey was carried out. For this purpose a total of 80 adult Fasciola hepatica isolates were collected from 20 sheep and 20 cattle in Kayseri and Erzurum provinces. PCR-RFLP was performed on β-tubulin isotype 3 gene and MboII revealed two fragments of approximately 350 bp and 390 bp, whereas HphI enzyme yielded 210, 340 and 540 bp bands, HindII yielded 380 and 450 bp bands in all samples. A total of 80 isolates were tested by SSCP and all of them presented the same band profiles. Six samples (4 sheep and 2 cattle) were randomly selected and DNA sequence of a 935 bp coding fragment of β-tubulin isotype 3 was performed. Sheep samples were more polymorphic than the cattle. This β-tubulin isotype 3 gene polymorphism of F.hepatica isolates from sheep and cattle of two distinct geographical areas of Turkey have been investigated for the first time.

Ragaa Issa

Abstract Background Musca domestica is the most common flies all over the world. More than 100 pathogens may cause diseases in human and animals. Houseflies transmitted helminthic eggs, protozoa cysts and trophozoites, bacteria fungi, and virus by mechanical transmission through its vomits or excreta. Musca domestica lives closely with humans and domestic animals, and often found in areas of human activities such as restaurants, hospitals, food centers, food markets, fish markets, and slaughterhouses. Material and methods Fly samples were collected from human houses, poultry farms and cattle byres placed on the bottom of a wide-mouthed sterile glass and covered with sterile sheets of gauze on which the attracted flies were trapped. Isolation parasites from external surface and digestive tract of fly, also, bacterial, fungi, and virus were identified using morphological and biological characteristics. Results Houseflies transmitted many of helminthic eggs as E. vermicularis, S. stercoralis, T. trichiura and T. caracanis, Trichomonas, Diphyllobothriam, hymenolepis, taenia and Dipylidium species, and protozoa cysts and trophozoites as E. histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and some bacteria as E. coli, Shigella species and Salmonella. In addition to viral, fungal are also isolated. Control methods are used for suppression of housefly population. These methods included cultural, biological, and chemical. Conclusion The common housefly is a mechanical vector of transmission of pathogens including parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The combination of different methods for control and prevention or eradication of houseflies should be implemented to stop human or animal diseases. In high-risk areas health education, proper environmental sanitation, and personal hygiene are strongly advocated.

Antonio Iranaldo Nunes Leite, Rayane Campos Alves, Fernanda Damasceno Soares et al.

Environmental awareness is increasingly inserted in the consumer’s choices. The concern to meet this demand has driven companies to seek the adequacy of their processes and routines. This study aims to carry out a survey of the solid residues generated in the dairy industry and the respective treatments and the final disposal. Twenty-two (22) industries from different regions of Brazil were invited to participate, classified according to size and potential pollutant. Seven (7) dairy industries were located in the Southeast, 3 (three) in the South, 3 (three) in the Midwest, 3 (three) in the North, 7 (seven) in the Northeast. A structured electronic questionnaire was elaborated according to the class division of the residues: common, chemical and biological, and sent to the dairy. The answers showed that the dairy industries, regardless of the volume of processed milk with intrinsic characteristics, frequency and volume generated, do not have residue management in their routines. This study demonstrates the current state of how dairy industries address this issue and highlight the need for these industries to adapt to environmental issues. Based on current solid waste legislation, the dairy industry should seek to adapt and integrate sustainable technologies into its processes and routines. The adoption of these practices has a direct and positive influence on the marketing and commercialization of the company.

Iris Juan-Baeza, Cristina Martínez-Garza, Ek Del-Val

Intense and chronic disturbance may arrest natural succession, reduce environmental quality and lead to ecological interaction losses. Where natural succession does not occur, ecological restoration aims to accelerate this process. While plant establishment and diversity is promoted by restoration, few studies have evaluated the effect of restoration activities on ecological processes and animal diversity. This study assessed herbivory and lepidopteran diversity associated with two pioneer tree species growing in 4-year-old experimental restoration plots in a tropical dry forest at Sierra de Huautla, in Morelos, Mexico. The study was carried out during the rainy season of 2010 (July-October) in eleven 50 x 50 m plots in three different habitats: cattle-excluded, cattle-excluded with restoration plantings, and cattle grazing plots. At the beginning of the rainy season, 10 juveniles of Heliocarpus pallidus (Malvaceae) and Ipomoea pauciflora (Convolvulaceae) were selected in each plot (N = 110 trees). Herbivory was measured in 10 leaves per plant at the end of the rainy season. To evaluate richness and abundance of lepidopteran larvae, all plants were surveyed monthly. Herbivory was similar among habitats and I. pauciflora showed a higher percentage of herbivory. A total of 868 lepidopteran larvae from 65 morphospecies were recorded. The family with the highest number of morphospecies (9 sp.) was Geometridae, while the most abundant family was Saturnidae, with 427 individuals. Lepidopteran richness and abundance were significantly higher in H. pallidus than in I. pauciflora. Lepidopteran richness was significantly higher in the cattle-excluded plots, while abundance was significantly higher in the non-excluded plots. After four years of cattle exclusion and the establishment of plantings, lepidopteran richness increased 20 -fold in the excluded plots compared to the disturbed areas, whereas herbivory levels were equally high in both restored and disturbed sites. Restoration with plantings and exclusion of cattle and plantings was shown to be a successful strategy for attracting lepidopterans and cattle exclusion was the main factor explaining lepidopteran diversity.

Dusit Laohasinnarong, Yasuhuki Goto, Masahito Asada et al.

Abstract Background The present study, conducted in Zambia’s Luangwa valley where both animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are endemic, combined the use of microscopy and molecular techniques to determine the presence of trypanosome species in cattle, goats and tsetse flies. Methods This study was conducted between 2008 and 2010 in Petauke, Chama and Isoka districts, north-eastern Zambia. A total of 243 cattle, 36 goats and 546 tsetse flies, were examined for presence of trypanosome species using microscopy, PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Results There was poor agreement among the test methods used for detection of trypanosomes species in animal blood and tsetse flies. Trypanosomes were observed in 6.1 % (95 % CI: 3.3-8.9 %) of the animals sampled by microscopy, 7.5 % (95 % CI: 4.4–10.6 %) by PCR and 18.6 % (95 % CI: 13.6–23.6 %) by PFR-LAMP. PFR-LAMP was more sensitive for detecting Trypanozoon than KIN-PCR. The highest occurrence of AAT was recorded in cattle from Petauke (58.7 %, 95 % CI: 44.7–72.7 %) while the lowest was from Isoka (5.4 %, 95 % CI: 0.8–10.0 %). Infection of both cattle and goats with Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax was associated with clinical AAT. Conclusion When selecting molecular techniques for AAT surveillance in endemic regions, the KIN-PCR and species-specific PCR may be recommended for screening animal or tsetse fly samples for T. congolense and T. vivax, respectively. On the other hand, species-specific PCR and/or LAMP might be of greater value in the screening of animal and human body fluids as well as tsetse fly samples for Trypanozoon.

Eric Haydt Castello Branco Van Cleef , Jane Marian Bertocco Ezequiel , Rene Mauricio Patiño Pardo et al.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of up to 30% crude glycerin in Nellore cattle diets and its effects on feeding behavior parameters. It were used 30 animals with 277.7kg BW and 18 months old, which were kept in feedlot in individual pens during 103 days (21 adaptation and 82 data collection). The animals were assigned (initial weight) in blocks and submitted to the following treatments: G0; G7.5; G15; G22.5; and G30, corresponding to control group, 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30% crude glycerin in the diet dry matter, respectively. The feeding behavior (feeding, idle, ruminating, number of chews, feeding efficiency and ruminating efficiency) were evaluated for three days. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design, analyzing contrasts and observing the significance of linear, quadratic and control treatment × glycerin treatments effects. The inclusion up to 30% crude glycerin in diets of Nellore cattle altered the feeding efficiency, expressed in g NDF h-1, the ruminating efficiency relative to NDF, the time and number of chews per ruminal bolus, facilitating the feed ingestion and directly influencing the time spent on feeding.

Oriana Betancourt, Karen Villagrán, Fredy Muñoz et al.

En Chile se ha aislado Listeria monocytogenes en diversos alimentos. El objetivo de este estudio fue aportar información sobre la presencia de la bacteria en longanizas artesanales (embutidos madurados), leche cruda y hortalizas producidos en la Provincia de Cautín y determinar los serotipos. Las muestras correspondieron a longaniza común artesanal, leche cruda y hortalizas, colectadas durante 2003. Para el aislamiento e identificación de L. monocytogenes se usó la metodología aprobada por el Food and Drug Administration (FDA) con incubación en caldo selectivo preenrriquecimiento para Listeria (35°C), y posterior siembra en medios selectivos Oxford y Palcam (35-37°C). Las colonias típicas fueron replicadas en caldo tripticasa de soya (TSB) y sometidas a pruebas bioquímicas de identificación. La serotipificación se realizó sobre 53 cepas, utilizando un set de antisuero comercial. L. monocytogenes se presentó en el 61,1% de las longanizas, en el 0,0% de las muestras de leche cruda y en el 16,6% de las de hortalizas. Estos resultados podrían indicar fallas en la higiene de la manipulación, en el lavado y sanitización de superficies de contacto con los alimentos. Se determinó la presencia del serotipo 4b en 3 cepas provenientes de longanizas fabricadas en la ciudad de Temuco, y 1 cepa de cada uno de los serotipos virulentos 1/2a, 1/2b y 4b, los dos primeros provenientes de longanizas y el último desde hortalizas. La presencia de estos serotipos 1/2a, 1/2b y 4b, plantean una clara amenaza de un eventual brote, particularmente en consumidores susceptibles. Estos resultados representan un importante desafío de prevención y control para las autoridades sanitarias chilenas.

Iwan Harjono Utama, Yanne Yanse Rumlaklak, Dewa Ayu Dwita Karmi et al.

This research was aimed to observe serum turbidity and blood sedimentation rate (ESR) as a predictorof hepatic damage in bali cattle. Two hundred whole blood and sera from 80 male and 120 female bullswere sampled from Mambal abbatoir, Badung, Bali. All blood were examined for their ESR and sera werefor their turbidity using ZnSO4 solution, besides we observed some hepatic damages pathology anatomicallywithout incision such as : internal bleeding, formation of connective tissue, swelling, and bile-ductenlargement. all of those damages were scaled graded from 0 (without abnormality) to 4 (more than 75%liver surface has abnormalities). Results showed all 86% bulls (male 32% and female 54%) have their seraturbidity ranged from 1,01-2,00, besides, 89% bulls (45% male and 44% female) have their ESR rangedfrom 3-8 mm in 24 hours. Most of liver abnormalities were : swelling (58%), bile-duct enlargement (50,5%),connective tissue formation (73%), and bleeding (59%) most of them were falling in scale 1 (less than 25%of liver surface area). Also, ESR has positive correlation (P&lt;0,05) with connective tissue formation andserum turbidity value could be used to predict internal bleeding and connective tissue formation. It couldbe concluded ESR value could be used as a predictor of connective tissue formation and serum turbidityvalue could be used as a predictor for internal bleeding and connective tissue formation in bali cattle.

Sabrina E.M. Almeida, Luciana B.S. Santos, Daniel T. Passos et al.

The genetic diversity of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the exon 20 (T945M) of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) and of three short tandem repeats (STRs BM7225, BMS694, and BMS2145) linked to LEPR was investigated in three beef cattle herds (Brangus Ibagé, Charolais, and Aberdeen Angus). A cheap and effective new method to analyze the T945M polymorphism in cattle populations was developed and the possible role of these polymorphisms in reproduction and weight gain of postpartum cows was evaluated. High levels of genetic diversity were observed with the average heterozygosity of STRs ranging from 0.71 to 0.81. No significant association was detected between LEPR markers and reproductive parameters or daily weight gain. These negative results suggest that the LEPR gene polymorphisms, at least those herein described, do not influence postpartum cows production.

Chisembele, C.

Effective animal disease control and prevention should be based on accurate information from the field. Part of this field information can be obtained from the cattle owners. In order to assess their disease knowledge, a survey focusing on East Coast Fever (ECF) and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) was organised among 302 cattle owners from the Kazungula and Livingstone Districts of the Southern Province of Zambia. The cattle owners' level of knowledge of ECF was low (34%) with most of those able to describe the disease belonging to the endemic zone where ECF caused high death rates in cattle. A larger proportion of the cattle owners (46%) were able to give an adequate description of FMD symptoms. It reached up to 61% in the FMD high-risk zone. Reporting to the animal health service providers appeared to be low. The results of the survey showed that attempts should be made to improve the cattle owners' knowledge and response to important diseases by carrying out more extension and sensitization activities. This is especially so in areas of low infection or where the disease was experienced long time ago.