Hasil untuk "Biography"

Michael А. Perepelkin

The article is a review of the publications: Alexey Tolstoy: dialogues with time. Issue 4 / ed. by G.N. Vorontsovа; comp. by A.S. Akimovа (Moscow: IMLI RAS, 2024) and Tolstoy A.N. Complete works. Works of art: in 13 volumes (Moscow: IMLI RAS, 2024). These publications, on the one hand, summarize the results of the extensive research work of the past decades, and on the other hand, set tasks and outline prospects for future research. In the first of the collections, the most fundamental studies are presented by A.M. Gracheva, who raised the question of the originality of the author's position in the Russian realistic novel of the 1910s and O.V. Bystrova, who analyzed the peculiarities of the organization of artistic space in the novel "Aelita". The scientific research of I.N. Tolstoy and E.D. Tolstoy, as well as the section of the collection devoted to the novel "Peter the Great", are also interesting. Separately, the review analyzes the "Samara line" of the collection, which often acts as a "code" in it. Of great importance for Tolstoy's science is the publication of the first volume of the Complete Works of the writer, representing Tolstoy in a broader biographical, socio-cultural, historical and literary contexts, which meets the requirements of today.

Andrei A. Linchenko, Bella V. Gartwig

This paper compares the processes of rediscovering identity in autobiographical memory and media discourses of Russian-Germans living in Germany and in Russia. According to R. Brubaker, the Russian-Germans are viewed as a transnational group with a specific “hybrid identity”, whose identification varies depending on the cultural project, which they are involved in. In Germany and Russia, the boundaries of this identification are the politics of memory of the host society and the dominant narratives regarding this group as repatriates (Germany) and as a diaspora with its own culture (Russia). Our analysis, which was based on the methodology of the critical discourse analysis by S. Jäger, revealed that such a dominant narrative in Germany is the “narrative of return”. In Russia, however, there are two discursive threads: the image of Russian-Germans as a repressed group and the narrative about the outstanding role of Russian-Germans in the history of Russia. The curves of autobiographical and family narratives of the three generations of Russian-Germans in Russia and Germany were analyzed and compared according to the biographical method of F. Schütze. People aged 30–50 were the most open to the influence of collective “standardized” narratives both in Germany and in Russia. Despite the fact of living in Russia, those respondents who were preparing to repatriate to Germany actively reproduced the “return narrative” and used international mnemonic frameworks to structure their autobiographical and family story. Our study showed that the influence of the discursive media environment on the autobiographical and family memory of Russian-Germans living in Germany and Russia depends on the respondent’s individual life experience (the curve of their biography), age, and some peculiarities of their family history.

Pette, Chiara

The article discusses an interesting case of the use of Chinese characters as phonographic devices: the Sanskrit declension of puruṣa (bùlùshā 布路沙) ‘man’ as transcribed by the Chinese monk Hui Li in his Biography of Xuanzang. In particular, the analysis will focus on two aspects: the way Hui Li renders the different Sanskrit nominal endings; the evaluation of the general accuracy of these transcriptions. For the latter point, I will take as reference the phonetic reconstructions of Chinese characters proposed by Pulleyblank (1991) and Baxter - Sagart (2014).

Tatiana M. Dvinyatina

This article traces the history of the formation of Ivan Bunin’s poetic circle during the first years of his metropolitan literary career: from his first visit to Moscow in early 1895 to the time when he was preparing his key collection of poems, “Autumn” (1901). Those were the years when Bunin established contacts with the senior symbolists Konstantin Balmont and Valeriy Bryusov, made the acquaintance of Chekhov and Gorky and became friends with Aleksander Fedorov, Aleksander Kuprin and the members of the Fellowship of South Russian Artists, some of whom influenced the young Bunin’s literary work. By the beginning of the 1900s Bunin had formed links which subsequently strengthened with the Moscow Literary Circle, which included poets and writers from various movements, and the “Parnasus” association, which from 1899 was renamed “Wednesday” and included poets and writers of a non-symbolist tendency, among whom Bunin’s literary biography moved forward. Particular attention is paid in the article to the mutual influence between and textual echoes in Bunin’s poems and those of symbolists, which have to be taken into consideration in the scholarly annotations to the recently launched first complete edition of Bunin’s works.

Brigitte Fielder

Lorenz Graham wrote two children’s books about the (in)famous abolitionist, John Brown—a picture book, <i>John Brown’s Raid: A Picture History of the Attack on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia</i> (1972) and a biography for young adults, <i>John Brown: A Cry for Freedom</i> (1980). Both books recount a history of Brown’s life and antislavery work, situated within Brown’s African American context and recounted from a Black perspective. While Graham’s books are exceptional in their extended treatment of this historic figure for a child audience, they are not unprecedented. This essay situates Graham’s children’s biographies of Brown in the long history of Black writers’ work on him—for both adults and children. Reading Graham’s John Brown in this context shows how Graham follows familiar traditions for encountering Brown within the larger context of Black freedom struggles. Graham’s books follow a rich tradition of presenting him to Black children.

Farhang Ershad

This paper is a critical review of the book, The Sociology of Knowledge of Karl Mannheim, written by M. Ashtiani. The main aim of this attempt is to acquire a more acute understanding of the subject matter of sociology of knowledge and to emphasize the importance of this branch of general sociology in Iran. The specific goal of the paper is trying to have a critical review of Ashtiani’s work to get help to achieve the main aim of this study. The present book includes five chapters: the first two chapters are specified to the scientific biography of Karl Mannheim and his life condition in Hungary, Germany and Britain. In the third chapter, the sphere of sociology of knowledge in view of Mannheim is described; and the two last chapters are about the main concepts and categories of Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge, and finally, the critiques of Ashtiani to the main element of sociology of knowledge of Karl Mannheim.

Salvatore Settineri

The coronavirus pandemic (Covid 19) will cause momentous changes in world history. "Let's change road" is the reflection of one of the greatest living philosophers who I had the honor of knowing, on the occasion of the awarding of an honorary degree by our University. The memory of this event is aroused by the reading of Morin's essay, which starts from a short biography: from the changes that occurred in his life to the hope of achieving happiness. A writing that reflects the current condition of the pursuit of happiness by humanity and in particular by the victims of this pandemic, who have been deprived of the last caress.

maryam rezazadeh, Zohreh morad, abazar kafimosavi

The purpose of this study was to explain the criteria and components of " Ms Amin" internship based on her life and words in The year is 1399. The approach of this research is qualitative and to achieve the objectives of the research, the method of analysis and Biography, words and works of this Iranian Ms have been used. Information through targeted sampling and At the open and conceptual coding level, it is counted and classified. Based on the research findings, m components components Ms Amin's followers are classified into two scientific and moral dimensions. In the scientific dimension, components such as the scientific model, creating the scientific spirit and motivation for research, as well as creating the correct intellectual system and in the moral dimension, Components such as explaining moral and spiritual issues, inviting students to fight against the breath, stimulating faith and The religious beliefs of educators are to create a balance between materialism and spirituality. Doing these components is one of the tasks Which has a committed teacher and Ms. Amin has acted in the best possible way in each of these areas. Is. The result is that the introduction of their lifestyle, educational style and type of activities can guide professors, Be teachers and mothers who are influential in the field of education.

Ю. О. Помогайбо

The article deals with the phenomenon of the authorial self-fashioning in the contemporary German literature. The “increased visibility” of the author in his literary work is considered as a well-planned strategy to attract readers’ attention to the writer and his work in the situation of media competition. Taking into account contemporary classification, the article distinguishes between extra-textual and intra-textual self-fashioning. The study is focused on the textual forms of authorial self-fashioning and their functions in the novels by T. Glavinic “Isn’t That Me” and W. Haas “The Weather Fifteen Years Ago”. The study proved that the image of the author can be reconstructed from various projections – the writer as an ambitious loser who envies his more famous competitors (T. Glavinic) or the writer as a successful craftsman, who publishes romance novels and understands the needs of readers (W. Haas). In both works, which are examples of metafiction, the authors endow their character with autobiographical features. The identity of names, some facts of a real biography, references to their own works enable writers to model a pseudo-reality and construct an artificial image of themselves for the sake of provocative play with the reader. It is shown that T. Glavinic in his novel “Isn’t That Me” mocks the position of the readers, who always try to identify the narrator with the author. W. Haas in his novel “The Weather Fifteen Years Ago”, which is a fake interview with the author, criticizes mediocre readers and tendency to entertaining genres of literature. It is emphasized that the authors, turning to various forms of self- fashioning, appeal, first of all, to the readers who are attracted by any sort of authenticity and try to find the biographical trace in literary fiction. The analysis of the novels proved that the author’s self-fashioning in his own work is a medium used to imitate authenticity and criticize average tastes of the readers who turn into consumers of popular fiction. Likewise, self-fashioning can be described as an ironic auto-commentary and an effective strategy of self-promotion.

Domnica Radulescu

Memorialistic chapter about the author’s arrival to America and her first months in Chicago in 1983, during the coldest winter of the century.

Eugene Afonasin, Anna Afonasina

Our purpose on the present occasion is to evaluate some ideas the biographers of late antiquity held about the origins of European thought. Speaking about this period we are no longer dealing with the question of transferring of the archaic practices: these practices are indeed long dead. What we encounter can be better defined as the import of ideas. Equally important is a study of the changing attitudes of our authors: rather than passive witnesses, they became active participants of this import. The process is truly fascinating and we hope that the following examples, mostly from Hippolytus, will elucidate this. The best, almost a paradigmatic example is Pythagoras, who in late antiquity had many faces. His biography is an interesting instance of general change of attitude to ancient wisdom, typical for the source utilized by Hippolytus. Looking at a number of peculiar features of Hippolytus’ report which, we hope, will help us to see why the image of Pythagoras and his philosophy, formed by Hippolytus, is somewhat untypical for the period. We will see that Hippolytus’ biographic report, however garbled, shows no signs of so-called ‘Neopythagorean’ biographic development. Admittedly, the later authors frequently combine their sources to make them suitable to their needs, polemical or apologetic. Do we still have a reason to believe that these stories, however doubtful from the historical point of view, may contain the germs of truth?

Artem Kosheliev

The article discusses the social and economic prerequisites for the formation of a “biographical culture” in the United States during the XX – beginning XXI centuries. Under the term “biographical culture”, the author understands the process of creating biographical narratives. Also, this term includes social-economic conditions in which biographical narratives influence the creation of the image of a certain personality in the collective consciousness. Using the comparative method, the study analyzes the socio-economic systems of the two states, within which were formed various “biographical cultures”. The article defines three criteria for the development of the state and society, which directly affect the creation of this culture. The first criterion is the presence or absence of a free market in the state. The second criterion is the existence of censorship in the state. The third criterion is the degree of development of the infrastructure for the distribution of biographical works and the level of its state`s dependence. The analysis based on the thesis that active and passive societies exist in different countries. Their development depends on the political, economic and ideological conditions. Based on the study, the author concluded that US society is classified as active. This means that it can produce and distribute biographical works independently without pressure from the state. Accordingly, the images of personalities created in biographical works in the USA reflect the preferences and value orientations of American society. Social values, which are reflected in the way of creating the image of a biography`s hero, develop and transform organically, but not under the pressure of a state machine.

I. A. Kazharova

The study presents aspects of creative activities and biography of Adyghe poet and essayist of the early Soviet period Lostanbe Guruzhevich Afashagov. The problems that become the subject of consideration in modern studies on the history of the Adyghe literature are identified. Reflected in the history of the formation of the national writing system of the Adyghe the milestones of spiritual search and spiritual transformation of the ethnic group and their gradual transformation into a plot of artistic reflection are reviewed, motif of dramatic confrontation, which became part of this plot, is actualized. L. G. Afashagov’s educational and journalistic work is covered. According to the materials of newspaper publications and archival evidence, the stages of his active participation in the history of preparing for the publication of the first novel in Kabardian literature are restored. The author analyzes in detail one of his poetic works in relation to the context of the formation of the national writing system of the Adyghe, the most active stage of which falls on the first decades of the 20th century. The reasons why the name of one of the representatives of the Adyghe intelligentsia of the 1930s was in complete oblivion are considered. The novelty of the research is that the name and work of L. G. Afashagov are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Gabriël M.J. (Gafie) van Wyk

Focusing on Ebeling’s own account of his ‘theological path’, autobiographical notes in hispublications and a gold mine of information in the biography of Albrecht Beutel on Ebelingpublished in 2012 the article describes important events with theological significance in lifeof Gerhard Ebeling. Ebeling is often portrayed in theological literature as a representativeof the so-called New Hermeneutic. For many people the name Ebeling is synonymous withhermeneutics, as if his only contribution to theology was the development of ‘a newhermeneutical theory’. This is a misconception. The article introduces the reader to anotherand more important point of view to value the life and work of Ebeling – his interest in theReformer Martin Luther, that not only had profound influence on Ebeling’s own theologicalthinking, but also resulted in many ground breakingpublications on Luther. The articlecelebrates Ebeling as one of the most important Luther scholars of all times.

Michael Grenfell

J. Simonson, Laura Romeu Gordo, N. Titova

Ingrid van der Heyden, Helma van Lierop

Picturebook art fantasies about the life and work of famous artists are usually studied from an art education perspective, but they are also interesting from the point of view of life writing, because of their hybridity on three levels: the combination of fact and fiction, the synergy between text and images and their attractiveness for both child and adult readers. In this article two picturebooks are examined on this threefold hybridity, one about Wassily Kandinsky and one about Piet Mondrian. Both books are part of a series of picturebooks, initiated by the Municipal Museum in The Hague and Dutch children’s book publisher Leopold. It is argued that the postmodern experimentation with the form which is characteristic of life narratives for adults, can also be observed in children’s literature. The biographies of Kandinsky and Mondrian make use of novelistic techniques and the interplay between words and images to tell about the life and work of these two visual artists. The many allusions in text and images to the art and the poetics of the two painters show that these picturebooks are a challenging form of life writing for both adults and children.

Gerald Grant

H. Graham

A. Moses