Hasil untuk "Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities"

Alberto Migliore, Ryan Wedeking, Sherry Healey et al.

Background Most employment consultants access professional development to learn about best practices in supported and customized employment that lead to individual integrated employment. However, little is known about how widely these best practices are actually implemented. Objective This article provides a window into how a typical 8-h workday of an employment consultant aligns with best practices in supported and customized employment. Methods We estimated employment consultants’ average daily time allocation to key activities and best practices using 12 months of data from 96 employment consultants across 13 employment programs in seven states. Results On a typical 8-h workday, employment consultants dedicate about two and a half hours on supports leading to hire—one hour in community settings, 29 min on specific best practices, and six minutes engaging with job seekers’ families and social networks. Administrative tasks account for nearly three hours per day. Time allocation varied widely across the 13 employment programs. Conclusion Employment consultants are key to helping job seekers achieve individual integrated employment. State funding agencies should equip them with data-based tools for self-reflection, goal setting, and action planning to drive continuous improvement.

Matt Wappett

Ehab M. Almetwally, Ibrahim Elbatal, Mohammed Elgarhy

Social care services play a crucial role in promoting the inclusion of children with disabilities. This study analyzes the factors affecting access to social care services for children with disabilities in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the gaps that exist despite the expansion of service provision. The analysis used 2022 census and ministry data with logistic regression to identify key determinants. The findings indicate that 76.5% of children with disabilities benefited from at least one form of social care, with financial support being the most common service (63.2%). Significant disparities were observed across administrative regions, and access to services was found to be significantly influenced by age, type of disability, and school enrollment status. The study recommends the need to expand the geographical coverage of social services to ensure equal opportunities for different groups, the need to enhance awareness of the availability of services, and the need to conduct a periodic assessment of the level of satisfaction with the services provided.

Vrinda R, Abhilasha Wilson, Thazlima Nizar

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the screen time activities of toddlers and their parents, the relationship between toddlers’ screen time and socioeconomic status (SES), the relationship between toddlers’ screen time and language skills, and the screen time restrictions set by their families. Methods: The participants comprised 33 typically developing toddlers aged 12-24 months and their parents. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participants who passed the screening. Children’s and their parents’ screen time activities and other leisure activities, the family’s SES, and receptive and expressive language scores were assessed.  Results: A total of 96.9% of children had a mean screen time of 750 minutes per week, equivalent to 1.8 hours per day, which is significantly higher than the recommended guidelines. Children were mostly exposed to smartphones and televisions. Nine children did not meet age-appropriate language scores, and all other children had age-appropriate language scores despite having excess screen time. No significant correlation was found between language scores and screen time in children and parents. A positive correlation was found between parents’ screen time and SES, but not between children’s screen time and SES. Discussion: This study highlights the significance of co-viewing and interactive screen time in supporting the development of language skills. It also highlights the need to revise guidelines on screen time restrictions in young children. Guidelines should include recommendations in choosing high-quality, age-appropriate strategies to encourage co-viewing to enhance parent-child interaction. The paper also emphasizes the significance of restricting parents’ screen time as it may interfere with qualitative interactions with the child leading to language delay.

Mohammad Mahyoob Albuhairy, Jeehaan Algaraady, Abdulaziz Alblwi

This study investigates the production and acoustic characteristics of uvular sounds among individuals with speech disorders in Saudi Arabia, aiming to uncover the underlying mechanisms contributing to speech production discrepancies. By analyzing features such as pitch, intensity, jitter, shimmer, voice onset time, and harmonic-to-noise ratio through the PRAAT software, this research offers a detailed exploration of the spectral properties of uvular sounds. Statistical analyses of recordings from 20 participants at a speech therapy center revealed consistent patterns of phonetic substitutions, deletions, insertions, and distortions. These findings deepen our understanding of speech production challenges and lay the groundwork for developing artificial intelligence-driven assistive technology that could transform speech therapy for individuals with speech impairments and improve communication abilities and quality of life for those affected by speech disorders.

Gary R. Bond, Robert E. Drake, D. Becker

Atefeh Kazemi, Mohsen Ahadi, Malihe Mazaher Yazdi et al.

Objectives: Children with cleft palate may experience hearing problems, including middle ear disorders, which require careful monitoring to ensure successful treatment. To diagnose these hearing disorders, appropriate tools are necessary. While traditional single-frequency tympanometry has been commonly used as a practical tool for diagnosing middle ear problems, the effectiveness of this method has been questioned in some cases. Recently, newer tests of wideband tympanometry have been developed and may be able to provide a more comprehensive assessment of middle ear conditions in children with cleft palate.  Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of wideband tympanometry, this study analyzed 14 young children who were scheduled to undergo cleft palate repair surgery. The children’s ages ranged from 4 to 24 months. The study involved two evaluations, one before the surgery and another one month after the surgery. Different wideband absorption parameters were analyzed using the paired t test and the Wilcoxon test. Results: The analysis of statistical data regarding tympanometric parameters before and after cleft palate surgery indicated a general enhancement in the condition of the middle ear. The study found that the middle ear pressure decreased, the absorption percentage increased, and admittance increased across all five frequencies, which is consistent with our initial assumptions. Discussion: The results confirm that wideband tympanometry can be an effective approach to detecting changes in the middle ear after cleft palate repair surgery in children. The use of more sophisticated parameters and evaluations at various frequencies provides a more complete picture of the child’s middle ear condition, potentially replacing single-frequency tympanometry assessments in the future.

Zahraa Mahdi Abd Ali, Safi Dakhil Nawam

Objectives: The development of effective connections between nurses and parents depends heavily on nurses’ empathy. Parenting strategies and attitudes have an impact on the emotional connection between parents and children in a variety of scenarios. Accordingly, this descriptive correlation study evaluates the level of empathy and investigates the relationship between parenting styles and the empathy of nurses.  Methods: A purposive (non-probability) sample of 180 nurses was recruited in the current study and selected from four teaching hospitals in Kerbala City, Iraq, according to specific criteria. A pilot study was used to assess the questionnaire’s reliability, and a panel of (17) experts was used to determine the questionnaire’s content validity. The data were collected through interviews using two scales, namely the parental authority questionnaire, and the Jefferson scale of empathy physician/health professions. The data were investigated and interpreted using the SPSS software, version 22. Numbers and percentages were used to illustrate the quantitative qualities. The Spearmen coefficient was applied to evaluate the relationships between the study variables. The significance level was considered a P=0.05. Results: Nurses have a low level of empathy. There are significant correlations between the father’s and mother’s parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian dimensions) and empathy. In addition, there is a substantial association between nurses’ empathy and job desire.  Discussion: Nurse empathy is vital for building strong connections with parents. Parenting styles affect the parent-child emotional bond in various situations. The study on parental rearing patterns and empathy among nurses at teaching hospitals revealed that nurses who have low empathy levels and parenting styles significantly relate to empathy. Nurses’ empathy also impacts their job satisfaction. The study recommends adopting the authoritative parenting style to enhance empathy. Awareness programs through various media should educate parents about positive and negative parenting styles and their effects on children’s futures. By promoting empathy and supportive parenting, parents can nurture empathetic and well-adjusted individuals. The parenting style of both fathers and mothers is associated with empathy among nurses, and job desire may be an important factor that is related to nurses’ empathy.

Sohail Jabbar, Awais Ahmad, Saba Tariq

Osteoporosis, also known as low bone mineral density (BMD), is a serious health concern, especially for women who have gone through menopause in community settings. This condition weakens the bones and increases the risk of fractures. Women who have gone through menopause are more susceptible to osteoporosis due to hormonal changes. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the condition early to start preventive treatments and reduce the risk of fractures. To address the challenges of diagnosing low BMD in postmenopausal women in community settings, this study proposes a method that combines machine learning with the AdaBoostM1 algorithm, which has shown promising results. Data acquisition, data preprocessing, data training, model testing, and model prediction and evaluation are integral phases of the operational dynamics of our model in osteoporosis diagnosis. This approach recommends increasing screening initiatives and educating patients as strategies to improve early detection and management of the disease. The analysis method used achieved an impressive accuracy rate of approximately 88.8% on the dataset it was applied to. The area under the curve was 0.87, the true positive rate was 88%, and the F1 measure was 0.88. By using accurate diagnostic techniques and providing proactive community care, the incidence of osteoporotic fractures can be significantly reduced, thus improving the quality of life for this vulnerable population.

Geneviève Lamoureux, Alexandra Tessier, Sébastien Finlay et al.

This conceptual paper critically examines the use of traditional medicalized terminology in speech-language therapy, with a particular focus on the Quebec context. It highlights how current language practices, rooted in a medical model of disability, often marginalize individuals with communication differences such as stuttering, autism, and aphasia by pathologizing these variations. Drawing on contemporary frameworks such as the social model of disability, neurodiversity, and “diversité capacitaire” (a French term that translates to “capacity diversity” or “ability diversity”, emphasizing the richness of diverse abilities and communication styles), the article advocates for more inclusive and empowering language that respects and reflects communicative diversity. The authors emphasize the importance of participatory approaches, including consultation with the communities directly involved and the establishment of terminological committees, to develop respectful and affirming language. Ultimately, this paper calls for a shift in speech-language therapy practices to promote a more inclusive understanding of communication, enabling individuals with communication differences to fully participate in society.

Anna J. Hugo, Nafiza Mobara

Background: Full-service schools (FSSs) were introduced into the South African school system as part of the movement towards inclusive education. Objectives: The authors of this article embarked on a study to obtain the opinions and feelings of a group of teachers about FSSs and inclusive education. Thus, the ‘voice’ of these teachers could be heard. Method: The research followed a qualitative approach using group discussions and classroom observations. Triangulation was used to verify information. Results: The data revealed that the teacher participants had definite opinions and feelings about inclusive education in FSSs and their classroom experiences also came to light. The themes arising from the research are the teachers’ opinions about teaching in FSSs, support from the school and the school management, discipline in the schools, teaching methods, language issues, religion and parent involvement. Conclusion: It is clear that the specific needs of teachers whose schools were transformed into FSSs will have to be attended to. The teachers are the ones who have to apply inclusive education in their classrooms, and it is essential that teachers’ teaching and personal needs in full-service classrooms are addressed. Contribution: The article contributes to a better understanding of the teachers’ important role in FSSs and the problems experienced by the teachers. This aligns with the ethos of inclusive education and human rights included in the scope of the journal.

A. Trofimova, V. Solovyev, Anatoly Sannikov et al.

Significance. Due to population ageing, analyzing medical and social status of the elderly becomes relevant in the Russian Federation. Sensory deficiency syndrome is one of the most important for assessing human performance of patients. With the loss of sensory functions, patients lose the ability to self-care, often becoming disabled. The purpose of the study was to analyze disability due to diseases of the visual organ and accessory organs of the eye and rehabilitation of persons over 60 years recognized as disabled in the Arkhangelsk region in 2018-2022. Material and methods. The research base was compiled based on individual rehabilitation and habilitation programs (n=1548) for elderly people over 60 with visual impairments, submitted to the Federal State Information System “Unified Automated Vertically Integrated Information and Analytical System for Conducting Medical and Social Expertise” of the Arkhangelsk Region for 2018-2022. Results. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the first disability group prevailed throughout the five years under study, while the third group remained in the minority. Analysis of the leading diseases shows that glaucoma is on the top, accounting for about 50.4% of all cases of disability. Analysis of rehabilitation facilities shows that means of transportation and assistance in movement prevail. Analysis of individual rehabilitation and habilitation programs shows that vocational rehabilitation, employment in particular, is recommended only to some citizens, due to the existing disease and age. Discussion. In the presence of a pathology of the organ of vision, older citizens are more likely to immediately receive a more severe disability group. Among the leading causes of disability of the elderly, diseases resulting from comorbidity rank first. These data put forward the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the elderly, which can be achieved through the geriatric approach in ophthalmological, geriatric follow-up. At the same time, it would be logical to consider the possibility of correcting visual deficits in rehabilitation measures for the elderly disabled, yet only 29.5% of people received aids aimed at correcting the vision deficit. The data suggest the need to change the approach to the health of the elderly, focusing on improving their human performance rather than on diagnoses, and to pay more attention to those types of diseases that lead to more severe disability groups. Conclusion. It is necessary to change the attitude towards disability of the elderly – to move towards a “preventive” policy and create organizational solutions for such diseases, for example, a system of offices for prevention of certain diseases (a “glaucoma prevention office”, office of the elderly”), to introduce screening methods not only at the level of an ophthalmologist, but also a geriatrician, a district therapist, a physician.

Anne Steverson, A. Crudden

Introduction: Job satisfaction research has focused on the general population or specific careers. Little attention has focused on the job satisfaction of persons with visual impairments, particularly using standardized measures of job satisfaction. This study examined how relationships with colleagues and supervisors, opportunities for advancement, and employee demographics predict job satisfaction for employees with visual impairments. Methods: Researchers analyzed data from 195 employed participants from a larger study on job retention and career advancement. The Brief Job Satisfaction Measure II measured job satisfaction, and predictor variables focused on relationships with colleagues and supervisors, promotion opportunities, and demographics. Researchers used multiple linear regression to identify predictors of job satisfaction. Results: Individuals with visual impairments had high job satisfaction if they believed colleagues treated them the same as sighted colleagues and had supervisor support. Underemployed individuals with visual impairments experienced lower job satisfaction. Employees who identified their race as other, those who experienced vision loss after their first job, and participants with an additional disability had higher job satisfaction. Discussion: Social interactions with colleagues and supervisors contributed to the job satisfaction of employees with visual impairments. These interactions may make employees with visual impairments feel comfortable asking for workplace accommodations and more integrated into the workspace. While income was not a predictor of job satisfaction, underemployment was, indicating that individuals with visual impairments may not have achieved their maximum vocational potential. Implications for Practitioners: Individuals with visual impairments and service providers should look for opportunities to promote social interactions at work. Training co-workers and supervisors about working with persons with visual impairments and accommodations could be beneficial. Vocational rehabilitation counselors should also ensure program participants have employment opportunities that are both economically sustainable and commensurate with their interests and abilities.

Ayesha Ali, Iqra Imtiaz, Muhammad Mehdi Abbas et al.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort and peripheral neuropathies in clinically practicing physical therapist and to assess their health related quality of life. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 352 physical therapist of either gender aged 25 to 40 with minimum one year of clinical experience from February to July 2021. Modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire was used to assess the peripheral neuropathies. World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was used to assess the quality of life. The data was analyzed through SPSS 21. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.01±3.66 (years). Majority of the participants were males 196 (55.7%). Most commonly involved areas of discomfort in the past 12 months were lower back 49 (13.92%), wrist/hands 40 (11.36%) and shoulder 35 (9.94%). In last year, physical therapist reported that musculoskeletal disorders at the lower back 51 (14.49%), wrist and hands 38 (10.79%) and shoulder 30 (8.52%) respectively caused limitation in daily activities. Neuropathic pain incidence was found lower 67 (19.03%) using DN4 questionnaire. According to WHOQOL-BREF the mean score was lowest in physical (63.86±17.30) and psychological (64.96±15.68) domains of quality of life. Conclusion: The current study concluded that musculoskeletal disorders were prevalent among physical therapists and only few physical therapists had peripheral neuropathy.  Among quality of life domains physical and psychological domain had low mean scores compared to social and environmental domain.

Toni Abrahams, Sharon Kleintjes

Background: Families are the primary caregivers for persons with intellectual disability (ID), offering informal support to ensure community living. Ensuring families are adequately supported is key to reduce the financial, physical, mental and social toll which long-standing inadequately supported care giving may evoke. Respite care is such a support service offered to caregivers and care-recipients with ID. Objective: Part of a larger study aimed at developing a respite care service framework for persons with ID for South Africa, the review aimed to elucidate what principles and practices inform current respite care services for this population globally. Method: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review framework guided the review. Databases were searched using key and surrogate terms for relevant literature published from 2006 to 2021. Results: Thirty-one sources met the inclusion criteria from 417 screened sources of evidence. These were published between 2006 and 2020, and included grey and peer-reviewed articles, the latter mostly mixed design. Information on respite care service characteristics, principles, practices, guidelines, evaluations and impacts were found for high- but not low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusion: There is an existing knowledge base that can be drawn on to inform the development of quality respite care. The lack of published information on respite care in LMICs necessitates further research to ensure contextually appropriate respite care developments in these settings. Contribution: This study contributes to the knowledge base on respite care for persons with ID and points out the research gap in LMICs.

Linda Joehari, Fatimah Ahmedy, Vanessa Chua et al.

Objectives: Multiple limb amputations are an uncommon complication from inotrope-induced peripheral gangrene. Case Presentation: A 20-year-old lady with valvular heart disease had septic shock secondary to infective endocarditis and required prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Despite aggressive fluid resuscitation, the patient had triple strength intravenous noradrenaline to maintain hemodynamic stability. On day 5 of post-shock, dry gangrene occurred in distal parts of all limbs, and inotrope was stopped. Although the gangrenous changes were non-progressive, she required a significant degree of assistance with mobility and daily function performance. The patient was counseled for multiple limb amputations to promote walking and hand function through prosthetic restoration. Five months after the event, she had a right transtibial amputation, left Chopart amputation, left wrist disarticulation, and right second, third, fourth, and fifth fingers amputation. Three specific goals for inpatient rehabilitation were independent short-distance ambulation with prostheses, performing basic activities of daily living with adaptive devices, and independent wheelchair propulsion for long-distance mobility using a right-sided transtibial prosthesis, left-sided Syme's prosthesis with Kingsley's foot, right-sided silicone-based cosmetic glove and left-sided body-powered transradial prosthesis. Discussion: Although an uncommon complication, inotrope may lead to multiple limb amputations secondary to peripheral gangrene. Following amputation, the ultimate rehabilitative goal is to restore the mobility and capacity to perform daily functions through prosthetic restoration, whether walking for lower amputees or functioning hand for upper limb amputees. Prescribing prosthesis in a single limb loss is relatively straightforward, but restoring multiple limb amputations bears many challenges toward successful recovery of walking and functions.

Rutaba Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Afzal, Shabab Zahra et al.

Background: Cervical proprioception has been a major source of attention among the population of cervical spondylosis as it is associated with neck pain, whereas it can lead to alteration in physiological manifestations which enhance neck pain as a consequence of disturbed proprioception. Objective: To determine the correlation between cervical proprioception with neck length and neck pain in patients with cervical spondylosis. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional correlational study conducted at Innovative Health Concepts (IHC) and Pakistan Society for Rehabilitation for Differently-abled Lahore, in the duration of six months from November 2021 to March 2022. The sample size of n=130 participants was recruited and data was collected through non-probability purposive sampling. Patients diagnosed with cervical spondylosis aged 25 to 50 years with neck pain, decreased neck range of motion, and osteophytes formation were included. Whereas, vestibule basilar artery insufficiency or any systemic illness was excluded. Joint Position Error Test (JPET) for cervical proprioception assessment, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used for neck pain, and lateral view X-rays were taken for neck length measurement. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 22. Results: There was no significant association between proprioception except for left rotation (r=0.21, p=0.016) which showed a weak positive correlation. On the other hand, neck pain showed a significant strong positive correlation with flexion (r=0.88, p=0.002), moderate with extension (r=0.39, p=0.004), strong with right rotation (r=0.81, p=0.001) and left rotation (r=0.61,p=0.001) respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the population of cervical spondylosis has no correlation between cervical proprioception and cervical length. Whereas, a positive strong correlation was found between cervical proprioception and neck pain. Keywords: Joint position error test, Neck pain, Proprioception.

Norsyakina Husain, Muhammad Nazrin Shah, Khairul Salleh Basaruddin et al.

Sprained ankles are the most commonly diagnosed injury seen by healthcare providers and are projected to account for up to 30% of sports medicine injuries, with lateral ankle sprain being the most common type. Ankle injuries necessarily involve motion assistance to regain mobility, but physiotherapists are typically able to provide rehabilitation only for one patient at each session. Numerous robotic rehabilitation strategies have been proposed in recent years; however, most of the designs have some limitations such as requiring the patient to sit or stand still. Hence, this study aims to develop a conceptual design and simulation of a compact wearable robot in aiding ankle motion for rehabilitation and training purposes. The cable-driven parallel architecture used in the construction of the cable-driven ankle rehabilitation robot allows for the exercise of the human ankle’s range of motion (ROM) to be maximized. The morphological chart analysis was created to explore the possible solutions to the design development for the ankle rehabilitation device, and the final design was decided using the Pugh method. A three-dimensional model of the proposed design was visualized in SolidWorks to analyze the inverse kinematics, trajectory simulation and cable length analysis. The feasibility of the ankle rehabilitation robot was examined against the simulation and was found to meet the requirements for performing effective ROM exercises for ankle rehabilitation. The proposed design could potentially be used for passive ankle joint rehabilitation exercise in specific ROM, particularly for bedridden patients.

Ida Ringbom, J. Suvisaari, Antti Kääriälä et al.

Abstract Background and hypothesis Psychotic disorders have been associated with not being in education, employment, and training (NEET). There is a lack of knowledge on the importance of risk markers for NEET among people with psychotic disorders and what rehabilitation they receive. Study design We based our research on the register-based 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study, which included all live births in Finland during that year. The study cohort were 288 people who had been diagnosed with psychotic disorders during 2004–2007, when they were 16–20 year old, and 55 883 who had not. We looked at the national register data for those subjects in 2008–2015, when they were 20–28 year old, and compared any associations between sociodemographic factors and NEET status. Study results NEET for more than 5 year affected 2.2% of those without psychosis, 35.8% of those with any nonaffective psychotic disorder, and 57.0% of those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Family-related risk factors were weaker predictors of long-term NEET in subjects with psychotic disorders than other cohort members. Having a psychotic disorder plus long-term NEET was associated with not applying for upper secondary education, not finishing upper secondary education, parents receiving welfare benefits, being diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and being hospitalized for psychosis. Only 24.3% with psychotic disorders had participated in vocational rehabilitation. Conclusions A diagnosis of psychosis in adolescence is independently associated with serious long term functional disability. Among those with psychotic disorders, educational problems are markers for adverse labor market outcomes. Despite this, vocational rehabilitation is seldom provided.

M. Goryainova, L. A. Karasaeva, A. A. Nurova et al.

The goal is to analyze the medical and social indicators of the state and trends of primary disability in the Russian Federation for 20152019.Materials and methods. The object of the study is a set of persons recognized as disabled for the first time in the Russian Federation. Sources - forms of state statistical reporting - 7-sobes. Research methods: analytical, method of expert assessments, statistical.Results. During the study period (2015-2019), the indicator of the level of primary disability of the adult population of the Russian Federation tended to decrease. So, in 2015 it was 58.9 per 10 thousand people. adult population, in 2019 - 53.1 per 10 thousand people.An analysis of the indicators of people recognized as disabled for the first time by age showed that over 5 years the proportion of people with disabilities of working age decreased from 46.8% in 2015 to 42.3% in 2019.The specialists of the ITU Bureau identified the need to create special jobs for 27.7% (15977 people), and the largest share of recommendations on the need to create a special workplace was issued to disabled people of group II - 89.8% (14341 people).Conclusions. In modern conditions, it is relevant to plan the socio-economic costs for the implementation of programs for the social and vocational rehabilitation of disabled people, the creation of conditions for employment in specific special jobs, which is important for organizing the optimal rehabilitation resource for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.The performed analysis of disability taking into account age for the development of targeted programs for the rehabilitation and social support of older people with disabilities showed the need to introduce into the state statistical reporting form "7 - Social Security" an indicator of accounting for disability for more differentiated age groups, with a step of 10 years, which will ensure the implementation of more specific measures of social support and organization of employment of disabled people for these age groups.