Mother-tongue education is an absolute precondition of equitable access to quality education, especially in multilingual settings. Its benefits are well established, yet many education systems continue to systematically marginalize effective mother-tongue instruction, thus denying the rights of linguistically diverse learners. This article investigates the importance of mother-tongue-based education for providing optimum learning environments and children’s rights to inclusive and equitable schooling. It draws theoretical frameworks from Linguistic Human Rights, Interdependence Hypothesis, Critical Pedagogy and Language Planning Orientations to argue eloquently for mother tongue-related considerations within education policy. It argues that learning through a child’s first language enhances performance, promotes cultural identity, and helps in cognitive and socio-emotional development. The article also firmly positions mother-tongue education as essential for upholding children’s linguistic rights, promoting social cohesion, and sustaining cultural diversity. The findings show there is an urgent need to solidify mother-tongue education systems further, as this deliberate policy implementation will be a momentous step towards fostering genuine equity in learning environments where children may thrive and reach their full potential.
Denne introduktion skitserer det konceptuelle og analytiske omfang af det biosociale som et nyt felt, der udfordrer den traditionelle dikotomi mellem det biologiske og det sociale. Den placerer det biosociale i relation til tilstødende begreber som biopolitik, biosozialitet og den biopsykosociale tilgang og diskuterer, hvordan de fem bidrag til dette særnummer hver på sin måde beskæftiger sig med sammenvævningen af liv, materie og social praksis. Teksten fremhæver, hvordan disse artikler samlet set bevæger sig i retning af at forstå livet som relationelt og sammensat på tværs af arter, kroppe og institutioner.
Public aspects of medicine, Social sciences (General)
Henan Province, a significant cultural heritage province in China, has abundant tangible cultural heritage resources distributed across the region. Watersheds are the fundamental geographical units that have consistently supported human production and subsistence activities from ancient times to the present. Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tangible cultural heritage resources of the watersheds in Henan Province is of great importance for its macro-level preservation, value promotion, and sustainable development. This research focuses on the 421 major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level in Henan Province, utilizing GIS spatial analysis techniques such as kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, Thiessen polygons, spatial auto-correlation analysis, and geographically weighted regression to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tangible cultural heritage across different watersheds in the province. The results indicate the following: (1) The cultural heritage sites in Henan Province exhibit an overall clustered distribution. Within specific watersheds, such as the Jindihe River, Huaihe River, and Baihe River, the cultural heritage distribution is relatively sparse, displaying a random distribution pattern. (2) The cultural heritage distribution forms two high-density centers and one high-density distribution belt, exhibiting a tendency to align along lower-grade rivers. (3) The distribution of cultural heritage shows significant spatial auto-correlation, with high-value areas (hotspots) concentrated at the watershed intersections of the Yiluohe River, Weihe River, and Yinghe River. (4) Elevation, precipitation, GDP from the tertiary sector, museum density, and proximity to the nearest historical and cultural cities are the primary factors influencing the spatial differentiation of cultural heritage within each watershed. Moreover, there is significant spatial heterogeneity between different watersheds. Lastly, specific strategies for the sustainable preservation and utilization of cultural heritage in Henan Province are proposed, including differentiated preservation approaches, strengthening the preservation of water-related cultural heritage, promoting sustainable cultural tourism development, and establishing mechanisms for cross-regional cooperation.
La lutte contre le paludisme ne constitue pas une nouvelle préoccupation dans le champ des investigations scientifiques. Plusieurs études ont été menées à ce sujet. Quant à la présente recherche, la préoccupation essentielle porte sur les stratégies mises en place et pour ce faire, apprécier le niveau d’appropriation des mécanismes de lutte contre la malaria par les Kinois, au niveau de leurs entités locales.
Jiayun Xin, Mohammad Khishe, Diyar Qader Zeebaree
et al.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have shown remarkable success in image classification tasks, but optimizing their hyperparameters can be challenging due to their complex structure. This paper develops the Adaptive Habitat Biogeography-Based Optimizer (AHBBO) for tuning the hyperparameters of DCNNs in image classification tasks. In complicated optimization problems, the BBO suffers from premature convergence and insufficient exploration. In this regard, an adaptable habitat is presented as a solution to these problems; it would permit variable habitat sizes and regulated mutation. Better optimization performance and a greater chance of finding high-quality solutions across a wide range of problem domains are the results of this modification's increased exploration and population diversity. AHBBO is tested on 53 benchmark optimization functions and demonstrates its effectiveness in improving initial stochastic solutions and converging faster to the optimum. Furthermore, DCNN-AHBBO is compared to 23 well-known image classifiers on nine challenging image classification problems and shows superior performance in reducing the error rate by up to 5.14%. Our proposed algorithm outperforms 13 benchmark classifiers in 87 out of 95 evaluations, providing a high-performance and reliable solution for optimizing DNNs in image classification tasks. This research contributes to the field of deep learning by proposing a new optimization algorithm that can improve the efficiency of deep neural networks in image classification.
A partir de uma abordagem criminológico-crítica que se projeta desde o trabalho pioneiro dos frankfurtianos (Rusche e Kirchheimer), o presente artigo analisa os principais reflexos no campo do controle penal decorrentes do capitalismo de vigilância, reconfiguração produzida pela chamada revolução digital, compreendida como mais uma das etapas da modernidade, consistente, sobretudo, na glorificação das novas tecnologias, ideologia que autoriza a emergência das novas fronteiras e conquistas da técnica moderna.
Criminal law and procedure, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Domestic violence is a worldwide crime recognized as a severe violation of Human Rights, which includes Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The studies remark that the asymmetries in the social relations between men and women result in domination dynamics. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between gender and IPV beliefs in the general population, university students, and healthcare/safety/justice professionals by comparing IPV legitimization between men and women and with age. The sample was composed by 3413 Portuguese participants, 1551 men (45.4%) and 1826 women (54.6%), aged 18 to 100 (M = 37.97; SD = 18.09), 1936 participants from the general population (56.7%), 866 university students [e.g., healthcare students] (25.4%) and 611 healthcare/safety/justice professionals [e.g., doctors, psychologists, police officers, lawyers] (17.9%). The sample filled out the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC), a self-report scale on beliefs about IPV. Results confirmed our hypothesis that men have significantly higher levels of IPV legitimization than women. In accordance with our second hypothesis, significant positive correlations were found between age and IPV beliefs. As age increases, older people tend to be more tolerant of IPV, and young people tend to be less endorsing such IPV beliefs. Finally, we found the hypothesis that university students and healthcare/safety/justice professionals have lower levels of beliefs compared with other participants in the general population. Findings show that we need to work hard with the social evolution in men’s and women’s beliefs on IPV, reinforcing the importance of targeting IPV prevention by gender and age in the general population but also in students and professionals.
The General Evaluation Scale (GES) has been widely employed to assess attitudes toward outgroups, including ethnic and religious prejudice. However, validation within the Indonesian context has not been conducted. Using two studies (Study 1, religious prejudice; Study 2, ethnic prejudice), we provide evidence of psychometric properties of a six-item GES for measuring ethnic and religious prejudice based on factor structure, composite reliability, and convergent validity in Indonesia. The results demonstrate an acceptable model fit for a single-factor structure characterized by high internal consistency (McDonald’s Omega/ω = 0.93 in Study 1, ω = 0.94 in Study 2). Furthermore, the scale exhibits solid convergent validity, as evidenced by its correlations with the blatant and subtle prejudice scale (r = −0.44 in Study 1, r = −0.74 in Study 2) and the feeling thermometer scale (r = 0.60 in Study 1, r = 0.78 in Study 2). In summary, this research unequivocally establishes the GES as a valuable instrument for measuring religious and ethnic prejudice in the Indonesian context, underpinned by its robust psychometric properties. Nevertheless, it underscores the need for further investigations with diverse samples and varying social contexts to bolster the scale’s reliability and applicability.
Lindsay P Schwartz, Jaime K Devine, Jake Choynowski
et al.
The goal of this report was to examine the behavioral economic demand for consumer sleep technologies with different levels of validation and endorsement. The value or importance consumers place in different validation methods and the organizations conducting the evaluations was also assessed. Survey data were collected from 113 participants on Amazon mTurk. Participants indicated their likelihood of purchasing devices that varied in level of validation across a series of increasing prices. Demand curves were analyzed to determine the relative value of each watch type. Participants also reported how valuable or important different aspects of device validation were to them. Devices that were both evaluated against laboratory measures and endorsed by sleep researchers had the most value, followed by those only evaluated against laboratory measures, and then those not evaluated against any laboratory measures. The unit price at which there was 50% probability of purchase was increased by $25 or $44 for evaluation or endorsement, respectively. Respondents indicated the most valuable features were a measure of sleep duration, that it was most important that devices were validated against measures of sleep from a laboratory or hospital, and that they would put a high value on sleep tracker endorsements from a university or academic institution. Consumer demand is greatest for a device that has been evaluated by an independent laboratory for accuracy in measuring sleep and is endorsed by an academic, medical, or government institution. These results indicate a role for scientific evaluation and endorsement in consumer preference for sleep trackers.
Pablo Villalobos, Julio Labraña, Álvaro Rojas Marín
et al.
El presente artículo tuvo como finalidad explicar la incorporación de la planificación estratégica orientada a objetivos en el gobierno de las universidades estatales chilenas, atendiendo al rol desempeñado por el nicho de experimentación estudiado, el régimen de capitalismo académico dominante y un paisaje de economía política con un elevado grado de privatización. Para ello, la investigación utilizó la perspectiva multinivel de las transiciones sociotécnicas asociada a un estudio de caso y siguió una metodología cualitativa que incluyó la realización de diversas entrevistas a actores claves, como también una revisión documental de la gestión universitaria de los últimos treinta años. Los resultados del estudio demostraron que la adopción de una innovación transformativa como la planificación estratégica en la Universidad de Talca implicó un proceso de cambio profundo y significativo en el gobierno interno de la Institución. La innovación alternativa (modelo de gestión estratégica y planificación) es capaz de permear el régimen establecido desarrollando prácticas (permanentes y autogestionadas), creando una cultura de la calidad y de la innovación, estableciendo una disciplina financiera y vinculando a la institución con las partes interesadas (sociedad, Estado, sector privado y academia), transformándose en una institución universitaria señera para el resto del sistema.
Willem Hendry Siegers, Annita Sari, Ralph. A.N. Tuhumury
et al.
Ikan tuna sirip kuning memiliki kandungan protein tinggi berkisar antara 22,6-26,2 gr/100 gr daging dan lemak yang rendah berkisar antara 0,2-2,7 gr/100 gr daging. Minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat nelayan tentang manfaat kandungan gizi ikan dan cara pengolahan daging ikan tuna menjadi produk dendeng giling manis. Dengan demikian maka perlu dilakukan pelatihan pengolahan daging ikan tuna sirip kuning segar disubtitusi jantung pisang kepok dan bumbu-bumbu menjadi dendeng giling manis dengan mutu organoleptik baik. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyampaian materi dan diskusi, melakukan pre-test, praktek pembuatan dendeng, pegujian mutu organoleptik, pengemasan produk serta evaluasi hasil akhir dengan dilakukan post-test. Hasil pre-test menunjukkan 85% peserta kurang memahami tentang produk dendeng sedangkan hasil post-test sekitar 92% peserta paham atas teori pembuatan dendeng giling manis. Kesimpulan pengabdian adalah pencampuran komposisi tepung tapioka, gula merah dan bumbu perlu diperhitungkan dengan baik karena berpengaruh pada tekstur, kenampakan, rasa dan bau dendeng serta ketebalan dendeng 3 mm adalah terbaik.
Mahdi NoroozOliaei, Hamid Riazi Esfahani, Mohammad Sadegh Abrishamian
The absorption of light is very important task for retina photoreceptors. Graphene is an energy harvesting material and one of the best models for the electromagnetic wave absorption and its conversion into signals. In this paper, an electromagnetic modeling of human retinal photoreceptors has been presented based on graphene coated material as a receiver antenna. The proposed electromagnetic model based on dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is being analyzed for retina photoreceptors of human eye (cones and rods) by Finite Integral Method (FIM) collaborated with CST MWS. The results show that the model is good for vision spectrum with a proper field enhancement in cone photoreceptor due to its sensitivity to light. The results indicate proper S11 (return loss below −10 dB) with invaluable resonances in a wide range of frequencies from 405 THz to 790 THz (vision spectrum), suitable S21 (insertion loss 3-dB bandwidth), very good field distribution for flowing the power within desired radiation characteristics. The drawbacks of conventional model (no coating) have been resolved by presenting this one at blue spectrum specifically. Finally, mfERG clinical and experimental results show that this model can stimulate the electrochemical voltages and currents in photoreceptor cells.
A modified system of indicators for assessing the innovation activities effectiveness in the region based on data on patent and licensing activities in the framework of scientific and industrial cooperation is described. Also in the article we presented a general mechanism for innovation process effectiveness managing of such cooperative interaction. They are intended to be used as tools to support decision-making, allowing one to coordinate the cooperative indicators management. The proposed system of indicators provides transfer and decomposition of goals for planning operational activities by levels and actors of the innovation process in the cooperative formation, as well as monitoring their achievement. Taking into account the peculiarities of the innovation environment, the proposed balanced indicators system (hereinafter referred to as the BSC) focuses on non-financial logistics performance indicators and patent’s information. The structure of the BSC assumes a pyramid-layer structure, the number of elements of each layer is determined by the structural decomposition of the cooperative interaction corresponding level. The article describes stages of forming such BSC-maps process. As a tool for improving the balance of strategic maps for generating management decisions, a transition to “horizontal dynamics” is proposed, according to which at each level of logistics management, among all goals there is the greatest deviation from the target values, i.e., from the target values achieved to the least extent. These goals are the “target limitations” of the enterprise effective operation and they take greatest importance for further analysis of critical situations. For this purpose, a procedure for managing innovation environment by deviations is proposed.
O objetivo do artigo é investigar a concorrência nos mercados digitais e o papel da política de concorrência nas economias em desenvolvimento para um crescimento inclusivo e prosperidade compartilhada com ferramentas inovadoras para uma melhor aplicação da lei. Sua metodologia analisa relatórios e pesquisas internacionais. As economias em desenvolvimento devem fortalecer sua capacidade de desenhar políticas de concorrência nos mercados digitais de acordo com suas particularidades sociais e econômicas de desenvolvimento, observando o que as economias desenvolvidas vêm fazendo em seu próprio mercado. A UE tem conduzido a política de concorrência nos mercados digitais, e o Digital Markets Act e o Digital Services Act são mais duas iniciativas capazes de facilitar as economias em desenvolvimento na concepção de sua própria regulamentação nos mercados digitais. O resultado do artigo indica que não existe um formato único e, como conclusão, a experiência e os bons padrões devem ser avaliados e ajustados.
En una sociedad dividida en clases la cultura es un fenómeno claramente enlazado con las relaciones de producción. La clase dominante asigna a la cultura, entre otras, la función de consolidar su predominio a través del poder que otorga el saber. La burguesía intenta apropiarse de las diversas actividades culturales para convertirlas, al mismo tiempo, en un signo de privilegios de clase y en un instrumento de eliminación y segregación social. Este instrumento puede ser, en diferentes momentos y circunstancias, el latín como lengua culta, las matemáticas, la novela, el teatro o la música moderna.
Political science (General), Social sciences (General)
Nora Helena Londoño Arredondo, Luisa Fernanda Suárez Monsalve, Yamile Restrepo Restrepo
et al.
Objetivo: validar el constructo del apoyo social y adaptar dos cuestionarios en versión de videos a la lengua de señas colombiana. Metodología: estudio psicométrico, n = 27 participantes de la comunidad sorda (33,3 % hombres y 66,6 % mujeres), edad media 35,15 (DE 13.467). Instrumentos: cuestionario de apoyo social Medical Outcomes Study (MOS; Sherbourne y Stewart, 1991) y Apoyo a la Comunicación y a la ejecución del Rol Social (ComRols, elaborado por Londoño y Suarez e incluido en el anexo 2 en este artículo) adaptados en versión de videos a lengua de señas colombiana. Procedimiento: el estudio del constructo teórico se realizó con grupos focales y la validez por jurados expertos intérpretes y usuarios de lengua de señas colombiana. Se realizaron análisis psicométricos. Resultados: la evaluación experta reportó puntajes bajos en la estructura gramatical del MOS y puntajes favorables en la prueba ComRols. Análisis psicométrico: Alfa de Cronbah: MOS = .939; Apoyo en comunicación = .849 y Apoyo en la ejecución del rol social = .803. Validez de criterio de ComRols tomando como referencia el cuestionario MOS = .689 (p = .013). Conclusiones: los cuestionarios en versión de videos en lengua de señas colombiana son confiables para la comunidad sorda colombiana.