Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Rūta Šlapkauskaitė

A. A. Suleymanov

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the history of scientific research in the Arctic regions of Yakutia within the framework of two major research initiatives conducted in the region from 1950 to 1958: the Yakutsk Complex Expedition of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces and the Yakutsk Complex Expedition of the Yakut Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The study is primarily based on the analysis of documentary material collected by the author from Moscow and Yakutsk archives, as well as information gleaned from scientific literature related to the subject matter. The work allowed for the identification of the personnel involved in the expeditions, the geography of the conducted research, their main directions and results, as well as the key features. It is noted that the work carried out within the Yakutsk Complex Expedition from 1950 to 1955 in the Arctic region was primarily analytical in nature and based on materials collected in previous periods. The research conducted by participants of the Yakutsk Complex Expedition from 1956 to 1958 focused on accumulating original field material. It was established that the research within this expedition was solely carried out in the interests of diamond mining industry development.

O. Yu. Gukosyants

The study examines the metaphors presented in demotivational posters during the COVID-19 pandemic. Images related to healthcare workers and the coronavirus infection are identified. The iconic (and less frequently verbal) components of the demotivational posters are analyzed, which explicitly convey the author’s assessment of these objects and model their perception by the audience. The most frequent metaphors identified in the study include ‘virus as a monster’, ‘virus as a criminal’, ‘virus as a swamp’, ‘virus as shackles’, and ‘virus as a trap’ to represent the COVID-19 infection. Metaphors such as ‘doctor as a warrior’, ‘doctor as a superhero’, ‘doctor as a champion’, ‘doctor as a disinsector’, ‘doctor as a builder’, and ‘doctor as a guardian angel’ are used by the authors of the demotivational posters to represent healthcare workers. By demonstrating these metaphorical characteristics of the objects, the authors of the demotivational posters model the desired perception of these objects by the audience, emphasizing the speed of disease spread, its devastating impact, the importance of adhering to quarantine measures, and expressing gratitude and appreciation to healthcare workers for their selfless work and for saving patients’ lives.

N. F. Mikheeva, E. A. Popova, Z. N. Ignashina

The article deals with the issue of semantic discrepancies between the lexical units of the Spanish language national variants on the example of the semantic field “Bread and baking” lexemes. The relevance of the study is due to its focus on the needs of the current stage of development of comparative semantics, variantology and intervariant dialectology, which provide for the gradual coverage of all the supporting semantic fields of the language in the communicative-pragmatic aspect. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that through a comparative intervariant analysis of language units with the primary meaning of baking, the cultural specificity of the corresponding concepts in different Spanish-speaking countries and regions within the framework of a multinational language is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the semantic processes and linguistic phenomena underlying the intervariant discrepancies, their classification is proposed in relation to this area. The question is raised about the importance of extralinguistic factors in the formation of the alimentary thesaurus of a particular country and culture or sets of cultures in a certain territory. As a result of the study, it was proved that the vocabulary of the field “Baking” is a source of difficulties in intercultural communication, directly related to linguistic phenomena in the field of variantology and intervariant dialectology of the Spanish language.

Špela Petric Žižić

V prispevku so predstavljeni kriteriji za razločevanje med prostimi in stalnimi besednimi zvezami ter med stalnimi leksikaliziranimi in neleksikaliziranimi zvezami. Cilj je prikaz načel njihove slovarske obravnave ter tipologije besednih zvez, temelječe na podlagi analize (delovnega) gradiva iz nastajajočega eSSKJ. S slovaropisnega vidika so obravnavani tudi monokolokabilni leksemi kot sestavine stalnih besednih zvez in unikalne sestavine frazemov, raziskava pa primerjalno vključuje še večdelne leksikalne enote, katerih najmanj en del ni leksem oz. beseda.

K. Klimova, I. Nikitina

This article analyses the material collected during an ethnolinguistic expedition to the Pontic Greeks of Sochi, which took place from the 15th to 25th of July, 2022. In the settlements of Krasnaya Polyana, Lazarevskoye, Adler, Sochi (center), Lesnoye, and Galitsino, the Pontic dialect of the Greek language and the characteristic elements of traditional Pontic culture are preserved to this day. The Greek population arrived in this region in the second half of the nineteenth century. The first settlers fled from the Ottoman Empire to Russia and historical memory of these events is still preserved. The Pontic funeral and memorial rites are structurally similar to the East Slavic and Greek ones. Some Pontic death-related lexemes are similar to Greek, while others differ (for example, the Pontic verb monázo ‘to keep vigil over a dead body’). A number of ritual elements (such as throwing flowers behind a funeral procession or distributing gifts at a funeral) were borrowed by the Pontians from their Eastern Slavic neighbours. Of particular interest is the use of objects associated with the deceased in magical rituals. One Pontic funeral tradition is the special way of decorating the funeral dish (kukía). The article also describes the changes in funeral rituals during the Soviet era, such as the increased role of ritual specialists and the custom of reading the Psalms for the deceased at home.

A. Chivarzina

Ideas about the dead who return after death are known to all Slavic peoples. In the Macedonian folk tradition, these beliefs are still widespread today. The most well-known are the ones about the vampires. This article aims to acquaint the reader with the language and plots of the household stories and tales (bylichkas) of dead men walking, once recorded by Marko Cepenkov, an outstanding collector of Macedonian folklore in the 19th century. For comparison, material is given from a collection of epic stories about vampires edited by L. Spirovska and T. Vražinovski, which was published at the end of the 20th century. Research by modern Balkan researchers who paid attention to this issue within the Macedonian language and culture is also examined in the article. Twenty first century field materials collected by the author are also included in this study. One can trace the dynamics of the development of the representations of the walking dead in the Macedonian cultural and linguistic territory. Over the past two centuries, the main motifs reflected in bylichkas have not changed. Among the most common are the noise and mess made at night, gluttony and dancing, sexual contact with a woman, vampire hunters, and so on. Globalisation and informatization did not cause the disappearance of such ideas from the life of modern villages. Not only is the belief in the walking dead preserved, but also the practice of exorcism. New technologies and medicines have been naturally introduced into the existing mythological environment and further reinforce the archaic representations of both the causes and ways of dealing with vampires.

Vitalii V. Emelianenkov

There is an opinion found across the scientific literature that the term is something consciously regulated by a person, but as practice shows, this is not always the case. A choreographic terminological system may serve as a vivid example of this phenomenon. The present study focuses on choreographic terms in Russian and Polish aiming to conduct a comparative analysis with the subsequent identification of common and distinctive features of manifestation of the influence of associative-creative thinking on the terminological system. The collected terms were divided into three conditional groups: the first group included terms and concepts common to the Russian language with the same Slavic base, the terms that are unique only to a present language made into the second, while the third group contained terms that exist in Russian, but are absent in Polish. As the present study shows, choreographic art and its terminological system are inextricably linked, and since the secret meaning is hidden in its terms, what kind of associations will be found behind them, will determine the actual art of dance. At the same time, the author points out that the lack of clear terms for certain movements entails a low level of choreographic mastery.

Petra Přadková

This article is devoted to the development of the Czech dialectology and to the activities of the Department of Dialectology of the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The Department of Dialectology in Brno systematically examines traditional territorial dialects. Between 1992 and 2011 six volumes of the Czech Linguistic Atlas were published. Since 2011, Czech dialectologists have been working on the Dictionary of Czech Dialects. The dictionary is being created in a special computer programme. The dictionary captures the dialect lexicon in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia over the past ca. 150 years. An electronic version of the Dictionary has been available since 2016. The Department of Dialectology is a team member of The Slavic Linguistic Atlas project. In 2019 Czech dialectologists prepared the volume Reflexes *tort, *tolt, *tert, *telt, *ort, *olt for publication.

G. Pilipenko

The paper deals with the perception of Trieste in the narratives of representatives of Slovenian minority community in Italy in the aspect of Slavic-Romance language and cultural contacts. Basing on his own field study, as well as, lexicographic data and ethnographic literature, the author analyzes words and utterances (including phraseological units) that mention Trieste, related toponyms and socio-economic practices. While paying special attention to the language situation in the city and neighboring villages, the paper also discusses significance of the Italian language and the local dialect of Trieste as well as borrowed Slavic lexemes and expressions, their functioning in the speech of citizens. Linguistic and cultural identity of this group of Slovenian informants is closely related to Trieste. On the one hand, the informants associate Trieste with predominance of the Italian language, which manifests in their speech as code switching forms, on the other, they recognize the importance of Trieste in a socio-economic and cultural life of all Slovenes. The parallel co-existence of two communities has recently undergone changes: italophone residents of the city discover homogeneous Slovenian settlements, so that the new language situation is in statu nascendi.

Marek Suppa, Ondrej Jariabka

Frederik Kortlandt

The methodological differences between Kapović and myself are threefold: (1) He disregards the chronological aspects of linguistic developments. As a result, he mixes up elements from different stages of development. (2) He disregards the linguistic system in which developments take place. As a result, he reconstructs typologically improbable linguistic systems. (3) He multiplies the input criteria of his rules in order to arrive at the correct output. The larger the number of input distinctions, the easier it becomes to generate any desired output. A combination of these devices renders his treatment opaque and confuses the issues at hand.

M. Frolova

The article deals with the history of a unique book and manuscript collection by the famous historian, numismatist and Slaviсist, A.D. Chertkov (1789–1858). The collection later became the first free private library in Moscow. Special attention is given to the development of Chertkov’s love of books and bibliophilia, the emergence of his idea to collect all works in every language about Russia in a library. Interest in the history and culture of the Slavs was reflected not only in his academic work, but also in the composition of his collection, which included books in Slavic languages. The article reveals the contribution of Chertkov to Russian book culture.

Larisa L. Shchavinskaya

The article is devoted to the creative activity of the Metropolitan Dimitry of Rostov (Daniel Savich Tuptalo), one of the most famous Slavic writers of the late 17th — early 18th centuries. He entered into the history of Russian literature as an author of a multi-volume work on the Lives of the Saints (1689–1705). This work has been translated from Church Slavonic into many foreign languages and has become an important source for spiritual reading for millions people around the world.

Igor I. Kaliganov

The article talks about the life and work of a prominent figure of the South Slavic national revival, historiographer, poet and translator Jovan Raich (1726–1801), one of the most educated Serbs of his era. He studied in many countries, spoke five foreign languages, left behind a solid original and translated creative heritage. The most significant of his writings was the voluminous historiographical work The History of different Slavic peoples, primarily of the Bulgarians, Croats and Serbs ..., published at the end of the 18th century in Vienna and St. Petersburg. For his works he earned awards from the Austrian and Russian Empresses. Equally striking was Raich’s contribution to the development of national Serbian poetry. Unlike the historiographical writings that Raich wrote in Russian-Church-Slavic, he used a language close to the living Serbian spoken language in his poems.

Eleni Janko, E. Dąbrowska, James A. Street

This study examines the effects of education and input as predictors of adult second language acquisition in naturalistic contexts. L1 Albanian learners of Greek who differed in amount of schooling (from 4 to 16 years) and length of residence (from 8 to 27 years) completed elicitation tasks that tested mastery of gender and number agreement, and past tense morphology. In addition, samples of spontaneous speech were assessed for fluency, grammatical complexity, and lexical richness in order to establish the learners’ overall proficiency in the L2. We hypothesized that education would facilitate attention to form and hence lead to better attainment of grammatical distinctions with relatively low functional load, particularly when these are complex. Quantity of input would be most strongly associated with aspects of language that are most relevant to communication, and in particular, fluency. These predictions were largely confirmed: education accounted for 15% of the variance on adjective number agreement and between 31% and 38% of the variance in performance on past tense morphology, which is considerably more complex. Fluency and clausal density, in contrast, were associated with length of residence but not with education.

Daniel C. Waugh

Four decades after his monograph on the apocryphal correspondence of the Ottoman sultan was published, the author reviews the previous study of the subject, the origins of his book, its skeptical reception then, and the current acceptance of its main argument that most of the Russian versions of that correspondence are translations from Western European pamphlets and newspapers. Recent scholarship has located additional proof, and the current article presents further information which should help identify the sources for some of the Russian texts.   DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.6

Dmitry Dolgushin

The topic of the Poet and Revolution, which has long been classical in Russian studies, usually considers the creative work of the authors who lived in the era of the revolutionary disturbances of the 20th century. However, this is not the only way to approach this issue: the revolution of 1917 cast a long shadow into the past, and it was already in the 1840s and 1850s that many thought that they lived ‘on the eve of’. The European upheaval of 1848 was experienced as a precursor to the coming Russian storms, as a prologue to the drama, which had yet to be played out on the stage of Russian history. One of the writers of the 19th century who had a chance to face the revolution was Vasilij Žukovskij. Žukovskij’s experience with revolution is even more interesting, given that his personal mythopoesis and ‘theo-political’ visions of the immediately preceding years (i.e., the early 1840s) were modeling – and indeed were seeing – a genuine approaching of Eden on Earth. The present paper examines the eve and the aftermath of the dramatic turn in Žukovskij’s life experience, through an analysis of his journalism, his relationship with the royal family, and mythopoesis in his poems Zaviduju portretu moemu, K russkomu velikanu etc.

S. Lazdiņa, H. F. Marten

Sanela Nikolić

The aim of this paper is to outline the history of the concept of Orientalism in the field of New musicology and to point out that musicological discussions of Orientalism significantly changed disciplinary profile of musicology in the direction of interdisciplinary or contextual musicology. The area of Postcolonial studies has been recognized by New musicology as a possible starting point for theorizing the new issues related to the questions of music, race, ethnic and national otherness, and European colonialism. In 1991, with the publication of Ralph P. Locke’s text “Constructing the Oriental ‘Other’: Saint-Saëns’s Samson et Dalila” in Cambridge Opera Journal, the musicological research of the European professional music tradition from the aspects of postcolonial theories has been institutionalized and the concept of Orientalism has been introduced into the field of research objects of musicology. What is present as the common aspects of all musicological studies that address the issue of musical representations of the Orient are interdisciplinarity and contextuality. Contrary to the reduction of the complex Western European music practices to the idea of an autonomous work of music devoted to an aesthetic enjoyment, postcolonial musicology proposed poststructuralist analytical models of text and discourse and affirm the interest in the context of work of music. In that manner, musicology has been updated as a discipline that autocritically approaches Western European professional music practice by seeing it/ self as only one of the possible historical formations of culture/knowledge in which there are visible clusters, conflicts, and aspirations to present (Western) European capitalist patriarchal politics as a universal economic, political and cultural power.