Resumo O propósito do presente texto é comentar a tese de doutorado A recepção do pensamento de Nietzsche na obra literária de Dalcídio Jurandir - defendida por Oclécio das Chagas Lacerda, em 2022, na Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) - à luz de dois temas centrais por ela desenvolvidos: a interpretação “antropofágica” da crítica nietzschiana ao niilismo cristão e o sentido amazônico de “transvaloração” dela decorrente.
The observation of gravitational waves has inaugurated a new era for testing gravitational theories in strong-field, nonlinear regimes. Gravitational waves emit during the ringdown phase of binary black hole mergers and from extreme mass ratio inspirals are particularly sensitive to the properties of black holes, making them crucial for probing deviations from general relativity. These studies need a robust foundation in black hole perturbation theory beyond general relativity. While existing studies have employed black hole perturbation theories to explore modifications beyond general relativity, they often focus on specific alternative theories or phenomenological models of quantum gravity. In this paper, we establish a modified decoupled Teukolsky formalism that is broadly applicable to spherically symmetric spacetimes without requiring a predetermined gravitational Lagrangian. This formalism uses the Newman-Penrose framework, which utilizes curvature perturbations characterized by Weyl scalars, to accommodate a wider class of spacetimes beyond general relativity. Our approach correctly handles non-Ricci-flat backgrounds and circumvents subtle analytical issues associated with effective potentials that are present in other modified Teukolsky formalisms.
The notion of hereditarily equivalent continua is classical in continuum theory with only two known nondegenerate examples (arc, and pseudoarc). In this paper we introduce generically hereditarily equivalent continua, i.e. continua which are homeomorphic to comeager many subcontinua. We investigate this notion in the realm of Peano continua and we prove that all the generalized Ważewski dendrites are such. Consequently, we study maximal chains consisting of subcontinua of generalized Ważewski dendrites and we prove that there is always a generic orbit under the homeomorphism group action. As a part of the proof we provide a topological characterization of the generic maximal chain.
Prayer texts from late antiquity and the medieval period attest to the prevalence of practices related to healing, both those promoted as official ritual and those denounced by Church authorities as competing magical practices. These healing practices often, consisted of prayers pronounced by clerics empowered for such ministry (e. g. priests and bishops) to bless substances like oil or water or to otherwise invoke divine grace for the healing of individuals. Such practices took place either in church or in a domestic setting, though in many cases were designed for individual use on a particular sick person. The present article provides texts, translations, and commentary on a group of seven such prayers related to sickness and health found in manuscripts of the Bohairic Coptic Euchologion as part of a broader analysis of the manuscript tradition of the Bohairic Euchologion and the prayer practices of medieval Copts that it reflects.
This special issue examines conspiracist antisemitic print culture in the Nordic countries from the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945. To contrast the universal patterns and particularities of the cases of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the issue includes two contributions analysing Spain and Britain. Together, the articles provide empirical in-depth knowledge of the character and dissemination of conspiracist antisemitism in a particular time and within a particular region. Our aim is to expand the general knowledge of conspiracism as a historical phenomenon through the prism of antisemitism. In the introduction, we present the conditions of historical antisemitism in each case study as well as the conceptual framework of this issue, focusing on terms such as conspiracism, conspiracy and conspiracy theories. We argue that antisemitism can be interpreted as a longue-durée conspiracist tradition, marked by a dialectic interaction between continuity and dynamic changes.
Edward C. Tolman found reinforcement learning unsatisfactory for explaining intelligence and proposed a clear distinction between learning and behavior. Tolman's ideas on latent learning and cognitive maps eventually led to what is now known as conceptual space, a geometric representation where concepts and ideas can form points or shapes.Active navigation between ideas - reasoning - can be expressed directly as purposive navigation in conceptual space. Assimilating the theory of conceptual space from modern neuroscience, we propose autonomous navigation as a valid approach for emulated cognition. However, achieving autonomous navigation in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces is not trivial in technology. In this work, we explore whether neoRL navigation is up for the task; adopting Kaelbling's concerns for efficient robot navigation, we test whether the neoRL approach is general across navigational modalities, compositional across considerations of experience, and effective when learning in multiple Euclidean dimensions. We find neoRL learning to be more resemblant of biological learning than of RL in AI, and propose neoRL navigation of conceptual space as a plausible new path toward emulated cognition.
This article enquiries whether normative bioethics can be a science. The article aims to address the conditions of possibility for bioethics to be considered a science, without directly answering the question. The article focuses on two conditions that we typically associate with our common concept of science: truth and knowledge, on the one hand, and naturalization, on the other. Bioethics should be able to provide moral truths and therefore moral knowledge so that we could consider it as a science. On the other hand, the normative character of bioethics raises the question of whether it is possible to naturalize it and make it compatible with a scientific perspective. The article argues that, for normative bioethics to be considered a science, a cognitive and naturalistic stance should be taken on ethics.
This paper examines the epistemic value of non-religious mystical experiences. By taking a non-religious angle, it adds a complementary perspective to the context in which mystical experiences are generally discussed, i.e., the context of theological questions or perspectives informed by the philosophy of religion. While I am pessimistic about the possibilities of such experiences providing propositional knowledge about the external world, this discussion is largely bracketed. Instead, I focus on a different type of knowledge, arguing that what these experiences can provide is a certain type of subjective knowledge, namely experiential knowledge. I further argue that such experiences involve a feeling of concern about a very general object, something such as existence, the world, or reality as a whole. Consciously experiencing this type of feeling or emotion is rare, since it is a background emotion about a very general object relatively far removed from personal flourishing. Nevertheless, in this type of experiences, it is directly experienced. The experiential knowledge obtained through such experiences is what this general concern about existence as a whole feels like. I contend that both the insight on what this feels like as well as the feeling itself can be seen as valuable.
The concept of unity, central to philosophy, religion and music, requires ontological differentiation for it to become meaningful. Influenced by the dialogue ‘Parmenides’ by Plato and the philosophies of Cusanus, Kant and Fichte, the Norwegian philosopher E. A. Wyller developed a branch of philosophy called ‘henology’, a dialectic philosophy of the universe logically leading to a religious stance; in the case of Wyller, Christianity. However, the henological perspective is also central to a considerably more recent religion, the Bahá’í religion, in which unity is the core concept. This paper demonstrates how the henological differentiation of the concept of unity has parallels in music. In a pansemiotic context, these parallels may point to a world with a hologrammatic structure, in which the macrocosmos mirrors itself infinitely in the microcosmos of the material world.
از دیر زمان موضوع عدالت و بحث دربارۀ آن در میان جوامع بشری بااهمیت تلقی میشده است و عموم صاحبنظران برای تحقّق آن راهکارهایی ارائه میدادند. ازاینرو، عدالت همیشه برای انسانها نوعی آرمان بوده است. از سوی دیگر، نقطۀ مقابل عدالت، بیعدالتی و تبعیضهای ناروا است که غالباً همراه با ظلم و ستم و پایمالشدن حقوق انسانها بوده است.
استناد مقاله به این صورت است:
Fani M. The Role of Justice in Controlling a Global Pandemic. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(4):1-6. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i4.36463
Other systems of medicine, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Gerda Van Der Veer, Erica Kamphorst, Marja Cantell
et al.
There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between motor skills and executive functions (EFs) in young children over the years. However, no clear picture on the relationship between both domains has emerged from these studies. We have extended previous findings by conducting a comprehensive examination of task-specific and latent relationships between a range of motor skills and EFs in preschool children. The sample consisted of 198 3- to 5-year-old children (102 boys; 51.5%). Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition. EFs were assessed with the performance-based tasks ‘Day/Night,’ ‘Hand Tapping,’ ‘Forward Corsi Block,’ ‘Forward Digit Recall,’ and ‘Conflict Task,’ and a rating-based EF measure (i.e., the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning - Preschool version). Task-specific relationships were examined using zero-order Pearson correlations. Latent factors of motor skills and EFs were examined using confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine latent relationships. The results of the Pearson correlation analyses showed statistically significant albeit weak correlations between specific motor and EF items (r = 0.15 to r = 0.23). SEM showed non-significant weak relationships between a general motor factor (as a unitary latent construct) on the one hand, and performance-based EFs and rating-based EFs (as latent EF components) on the other hand. In conclusion, this study suggested only weak relationships between motor skills and EFs in preschool children with no clear differences between their task-specific and latent relationships.
Pakistan, the second most populous Muslim country after Indonesia, came into existence on 14th August, 1947, after the division of ‘British ruled’ India (into India and Pakistan). From its inception to present, Pakistan covers a tumultuous history of over seven decades (1947-2019). Among the South Asian countries, no quantum of scholarship has been produced on any country—its history, religion (and religious ideology), politics, society, economy, and other inter-related issue—than Pakistan. This has continued in the last as well as present century. From 2010 onwards, numerous works have been published on religion, politics, military, and other aspects of Pakistan. This review essay, in this framework, presents an assessment of three (3) important works, published in between 2012 and 2014, so that to get clues of the various aspects of Pakistan. Following a descriptive-cum-comparative methodological approach, the books assessed and examined are: Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A New History (2012); Faisal Devji, Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (2013); and Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (2014). This assessment helps us in understanding the diverse scholarly approaches adopted (by different scholars) in studying Pakistan. The major argument put forth is that such an appraisal helps us not only in understanding the history of Pakistan, but in analyzing the issues and challenges Pakistan has faced, and is facing—be they religious, political, or related to military and security, etc.
En este artículo me propongo releer el llamado “fragmento de las máquinas” de los cuadernos Grundrisse a partir de la concepción de la prótesis y la producción biodrag de subjetividades desplegada por Preciado. Mientras que la mayoría de las lecturas de Preciado en clave marxiana se centran en Testo yonqui, sostendré que leer a Marx a partir del concepto de prótesis en Manifiesto contra-sexual permite reformular la noción de “individuo social” en una clave transhumanista. Esto empuja la interpretación de Marx más allá de los marcos en que él mismo comprendió la crítica del capital. Al mismo tiempo, esta vuelta a Marx ilumina los marcos sociales comprehensivos en cuyo seno la producción tecnológica del género tiene lugar. La producción de géneros y la maquínica se articulan así de manera significativa.
A white hole (WH) is a time-reversed black hole (BH) solution in General relativity with a spacetime region to which cannot be entered from the outside. Recently they have been proposed as a possible solution to the information loss problem [Haggard and Rovelli, 2015]. In particular it has been argued that the quantization of the gravitational field may prevent a BH from collapsing entirely with an exponential decay law associated to the black-hole-to-white-hole (BHWH) tunneling scenario [Barcelo, Carballo, and Garay, 2017]. During this period of BHWH transition the Hawking radiation should take place. Taking this possibility into account, we utilize the Hamilton-Jacobi and Parkih-Wilczek methods to study the Hawking radiation viewed as a quantum tunneling effect to calculate the tunneling rate of vector particles tunneling inside (outside) the horizon of a WH (BH), respectively. We show that there is a Hawking radiation associated to a WH spacetime equal to the BH Hawking temperature when viewed from the outside region of the WH geometry. In the framework of Parkih-Wilczek method, surprisingly, we show that Hawking temperature is affected by the initial radial distance at which the gravitational collapse starts.
En la filosofía de las artes se alude con mucha frecuencia a la vinculación entre arte y emoción, de modo especial desde las que se han denominado “teorías expresivistas”, algunas de las cuales defienden que la obra de arte encarna emociones, mientras que otras sostienen que las expresa, las suscita o las comunica. Pero la apelación a las emociones no es necesaria ni suficiente para definir el arte. Aun así, la conexión entre ambas es lo suficientemente importante como para ofrecer un intento de reconciliación teórica entre arte y emoción, siguiendo a Collingwood, y abriendo, al mismo tiempo, puertas a la consideración de la relación entre arte y estados de ánimo.