M. I. Mehedov, E. A. Sotnikov, P. S. Kholodnyak
et al.
Introduction. Transportation process experiences continuous and often unpredictable changes in the operational situation at stations, sections and proving grounds of the network. Stabilisation of transportation process requires operative control decisions, which today are made by dispatchers and duty workers of various levels on the basis of knowledge, experience, abilities and intuition using information received at automated work stations from numerous information systems. Development and introduction of automated information and control systems instead of information systems will increase technical and economic efficiency of operational management of transportation and expand the control zones of the duty dispatchers.Materials and methods. The paper proposes to classify factors affecting transportation process as internal and external. It examines the reasons for their formation and the nature of their impact on operational work.Results. The work establishes time parameters for the development of operational control decisions and proves the necessity of technical and economic evaluations in the selection of rational decisions. The work justifies the stages of implementation of information and control systems in terms of selecting the categories of dispatchers and on-duty workers whose automated work stations are subject to priority development as information and control workplaces. The authors consider the conditions for the construction of hierarchical simulation models of the operation of controlled objects for the selection of rational operational control decisions at specific workplaces.Discussion and conclusion. The research results can serve as a basis for the Russian Railways to create a programme for solving the urgent problem of transition from information to automated information and control systems for operational management of transportation process on Russian Railways.
Introduction. Air conditioning systems installed in passenger carriages are currently powered using a gear-cardan drive connected to the middle part of the axis of a WBA-32/2 wheel pair designed by Flender (Germany) or its domestically manufactured analogues. Such drive dates back to the mid 1960s in terms of development and implementation. The article is devoted to the development and testing of a new generator-drive set for passenger carriages.Materials and methods. The authors analysed the long-standing operation of the drive according to railway services involved in the maintenance and repair of passenger carriages equipped with air conditioning systems. Bench tests were carried out to test a pilot batch of the main units of the generator-drive set, such as gearbox, couplings and generator.Results. A single-piece generator-drive set was developed and included a gearbox, generator, safety coupling and a elastic coupling. The entire structure of the set is installed on a bogie frame using three supporting elements of the suspension system.Discussion and conclusion. The completed calculations and experimental studies show that the single-piece generatordrive set features parameters that significantly exceed those of series-produced peers. The design of 68-4066 and 68-4096 bogies was modified in order to enable the installation of a new generator-drive set on passenger carriages series-produced bogies. The completed calculation and graphical analyses demonstrates that the new generator-drive set could be installed on 18-6960 high-speed bogies frame.
A hormonal imbalance causes a woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) to have an ovum or egg that does not mature normally. It usually occurs during the reproductive period, but is often difficult to detect due to lack of awareness. Therefore, it is important to detect this condition early so that proper treatment or prevention can be done. One way to diagnose PCOS is through the use of medical data. In this study, 40 variables were used, including hormonal data, ultrasound results, and other medical information. The method used was Support Vector Machine (SVM), which is able to handle non-linear data with a kernel. To improve accuracy, features were selected using a genetic algorithm, which resulted in 19 significant variables. By applying the selected variables as input, the classification produced the best model with 94.26% accuracy, 87.57% sensitivity, and 97.52% specificity. Without the feature selection process, SVM classification only has an accuracy of 82.46%, sensitivity of 60.91%, and specificity of 97.25%. From the findings of this research, it can be seen that the genetic algorithm feature selection method can improve SVM classification performance. Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Classification, PCOS, Feature Selection, SVM.
Anaemia is a widespread blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which can lead to severe health complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This research aims to develop a machine learning model to predict anaemia based on hemoglobin levels and image pixel distributions, leveraging a dataset from Kaggle. The dataset includes features such as percentages of red, green, and blue pixels in images and hemoglobin levels. We applied a Random Forest Classifier, a robust machine learning algorithm, and evaluated its performance using 5-fold cross-validation. The data pre-processing involved removing irrelevant columns, encoding categorical variables, and scaling numerical features. The model achieved a mean accuracy of 97.05%, precision of 97.02%, recall of 97.05%, and F1-score of 96.88%, indicating its high reliability in predicting anaemia. Visualizations such as Correlation Heatmaps, 3D PCA, Parallel Coordinates Plots, 3D t-SNE, and Violin Plots were used to understand feature relationships and distributions. These results underscore the potential of machine learning in providing a non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tool for anaemia, especially in resource-limited settings. Future research should address dataset imbalance and potential biases, explore additional features, and test other machine learning models to further enhance the predictive accuracy. This study contributes to the field of medical diagnostics by demonstrating the efficacy of integrating hemoglobin levels and image data for anaemia prediction, paving the way for improved early detection and treatment strategies.Keywords: Anaemia, Hemoglobin, Machine Learning, Random Forest.
Muhammad Satria Putra Trinanda, Irawati Irawati, Mardiyyah Hasnawi
The information obtained by the public is inadequate, and sometimes they still really need complete information, one of which is about diseases. The provision of media information must be proven accurate and should not be reported by organizations that do not have authority. In this case, health foundations have the right to provide information that is trusted for its authenticity, especially in providing information data regarding tuberculosis disease. The purpose of this research is to develop a tuberculosis tuberculosis information system on the Yamali TB platform with the Goal-Oriented Requirement Engineering (GORE) approach and the Scrum method. Information system development is carried out through several main activities, namely Problem Identification, Problem Analysis, Goal Identification, Backlog Prioritization, System Design, Initial Discussion, Program Design and Final Evaluation using the System Usability Scale assessment method. The results showed that the level of user satisfaction with the information system based on the usability test obtained an average of 77 and was ranked at Grade Scale C, Acceptability Ranges at the Acceptable level, and Adjective Ratings at the Good level which means that the information system developed is well received by users.Keywords: Goal-Oriented Requirement Engineering, Grade Scale, Scrum, System Usability Scale.
This study presents an optimization method to design the suspension properties associated with low-damped carbody oscillations for high-speed railway vehicles. In this method, the least damping ratio for the low-frequency modes in the entire service speed range and the critical speed for a worn wheel are proposed for the design objectives. Based on the linearized vehicle model, a genetic algorithm is applied to determine the optimal suspension properties to maximize the least damping ratio while maintaining the critical speed above the desired speed. The optimization results show that the proposed method can enhance lateral ride comfort by eliminating the region where the least damping ratio of the carbody mode decreases excessively and securing a constant for the entire service speed range. The least damping ratio was improved from approximately 5.7% to 15.6% and the critical for the worn wheel increased from approximately 430 to 499 km/h. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influence of the tolerances of the suspension properties, and the results provide useful information regarding the manufacture of suspension elements and assembly of the bogie system. The validity of the optimized suspension properties is verified from the simulation results using railway vehicle dynamics software.
Abstract Concrete slabs are widely used in modern railways to increase the inherent resilient quality of the tracks, provide safe and smooth rides, and reduce the maintenance frequency. In this paper, the elastic performance of a novel slab trackform for high-speed railways is investigated using three-dimensional finite element modelling in Abaqus. It is then compared to the performance of a ballasted track. First, slab and ballasted track models are developed to replicate the full-scale testing of track sections. Once the models are calibrated with the experimental results, the novel slab model is developed and compared against the calibrated slab track results. The slab and ballasted track models are then extended to create linear dynamic models, considering the track geodynamics, and simulating train passages at various speeds, for which the Ledsgård documented case was used to validate the models. Trains travelling at low and high speeds are analysed to investigate the track deflections and the wave propagation in the soil, considering the issues associated with critical speeds. Various train loading methods are discussed, and the most practical approach is retained and described. Moreover, correlations are made between the geotechnical parameters of modern high-speed rail and conventional standards. It is found that considering the same ground condition, the slab track deflections are considerably smaller than those of the ballasted track at high speeds, while they show similar behaviour at low speeds.
Based on the installation interface requirements and vehicle braking parameters of standard metro train friction pairs, the design development and experimental verification of new lightweight brake friction pairs were carried out through scheme design, calculation and experimental verification, the applicability and the braking matching of the new lightweight brake friction pairs on standard metro train were demonstrated. In the new friction pairs, the brake pads were made of synthetic materials, and the brake discs were made of aluminum-based composite materials, which were prepared by friction stir forming technology. The heat capacity of the brake disc was calculated and checked by simulation analysis, and the safety factor of the brake disc fastener was calculated and checked based on VDI 2230 standard, the results showed that the heat capacity of the new lightweight aluminum matrix composite brake disc and the safety factor of the fastener connection met the requirements of the relevant standards. Test verification of new brake friction pairs was carried out, the results showed that physical and mechanical properties of the aluminum-based composite brake disc and composite brake pad met the standard motro train regulations, the aluminum-based composite brake disc and fastener connection was safe and reliable, met the requirements of vibration and shock test standards. The completed brake friction pair full-scale braking power bench test results show that the average friction coefficient is stable, the brake pad wear is small, the temperature rise of the brake disc is low, and the braking noise is low. The friction pairs has good matching performance. According to the check analysis and test results, new brake friction pairs meets the braking requirements of standard metro train and can be promoted.
As a kind of power semiconductor field-controlled self-shutdown electronic device, IBGT has become an irreplaceable component in new energy vehicle energy conversion, motor driving and high-voltage power switching units. While the electrical and electronic systems present a trend towards a smaller size, higher switching frequency and higher rated voltage, how to better guarantee the performance and reliability of the IGBT module to keep abreast with the improved performance has gradually become a hot spot of research among experts and scholars. This paper reviewed the various heat dissipation technologies on the IGBT module in recent years, and focused on analyzing the status quo of the heat pipe type heat dissipation from different angles of view, and summarized the existing heat dissipation means, to offer a reference for scholars to further study and make breakthrough in the IGBT module heat dissipation.
The bellows of the vehicle are vulnerable to noise because of the low transmission loss among the components. Therefore, in this study, we modified the thickness and the structure of the bellows to improve transmission loss. Based on the impedance tube test, the transmission loss of the silicon rubber specimen – the main material of the bellows – was analyzed; the results confirmed low transmission loss in the low-frequency region. An analysis of the natural vibration model of the simple model indicated that in the low-frequency region of the bellows, a number of vibrations occurred because of the vibration of the outer and inner components. Accordingly, to improve transmission loss, the improvement introduced by varying the thickness was analyzed, and the results confirmed that the noise performance improved by more than 3 dB for a thickness of 3.5 mm in the double-layer structure. In addition, the transmission loss improved in the low-frequency region after acoustic-structure coupling analysis was performed based on a simple model. To compare the actual performance between the existing and improved bellows, a noise comparison test was performed. The test results confirm that the existing noise reduction index improved by 3 dB from 30 to 33 dB when the thickness was increased to 3.5 mm; in the frequency domain, the highest noise performance was improved with an improvement of 5.6 dB at 160 Hz.
The conventional method is to use two sets of system equipment for dual redundancy design to improve the logic control unit (LCU) reliability. An optimal design scheme based on dual modular redundancy technology was proposed based on analyzing various redundancy schemes by considering economy and reliability. Combined with specific working conditions and failure modes, the redundancy mode of key modules was optimized, and the relevant redundant hardware and redundant control algorithms were redesigned. Finally, an experimental test platform was built, and the basic operation ability, fault detection ability, redundancy switching ability and communication ability of the designed LCU were tested. It was verified that the basic functions of LCU could be realized in normal operation and the protection of redundancy switching function to the operation of LCU in fault condition, which proved the functional integrity and reliability of the dual modular redundant design scheme.
The article substantiates the necessity of supplementing the existing estimate of the track position in the plan by the difference of adjacent bending arrows with an estimate of deviations from the fixed initial position, which ensures the constancy of the characteristics of a single-radius curve or the components of a multi-radius curve along their entire length. As a fixed initial position of the reference base (base position), it is proposed to accept the design position or the position of the track after the repair performed according to the project, and in the absence of the project, the calculated position obtained using verified programs. The question of determining the values of the deviation of the position of the curves at individual points from the base position and their ranking for different variants of recording the curves is considered. As possible options for surveying are considered Geodetic measurement methods using Cartesian and polar coordinate systems, methods of obtaining information from transformed data from sensors of track measuring cars, as well as the classical method of measuring the arrows of the bend of a curve.The article presents the results of calculating the indicators of the interaction between the track and the rolling stock (frame and horizontal transverse forces, lateral deflections of rails) when modeling the motion of a freight car along curves, the parameters of which were obtained on the basis of analysis of data from experimental sections. The calculation results are correlated with the analyzed data on the presence of deviations from the base position in the curves.
In intercity vehicle, the air conditioning and ventilation system has an important impact on breeze speed, temperature and humidity of which directly affects the thermal comfort of passengers. The three-dimensional full flow field geometric model of the air conditioning and ventilation system in the passenger compartment of an intercity vehicle was established. By combining SIMPLE algorithm with the Realizable <italic>k</italic>-<italic>ε</italic> turbulence model, and adopting the flow inlet and outlet boundary, the simulation calculation of the full flow field in the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle was completed. The accuracy of the simulation results was verified by the test, and the flow field distribution, breeze speed, speed field and temperature field in the passenger compartment were further analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of flow field and temperature field in the passenger compartment of the whole vehicle was even, which met the requirements of engineering design.
An optimal creep identification method was proposed for adhesion control of high-speed train, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by simulation analysis. Through the switching process of transient and steady-state control, the creep rate at the time of switching was captured as the control reference value, and the control reference value was adjusted by the fuzzy control method to identify the optimal creep rate of the track surface in real time. The method took the optimal creep rate as the control objective to obtain the optimal adhesion control effect, realized the utilization of adhesion coefficient, improved the stability of traction, and provided guidance for the application of adhesion control in the field of high-speed train.
Príspevok sa zaoberá porovnaním nákladov spojených s prístupom na dopravnú sieť v cestnej a železničnej nákladnej doprave na vybraných úsekoch v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky. Analyzuje náklady na vybraných trasách z hľadiska absolútnej a jednotkovej ceny a porovnáva faktory vplývajúce na tieto náklady.
Railroad engineering and operation, Industrial engineering. Management engineering
Suspension monorail traffic is mainly suitable for special areas with narrow roads or high building density. Usually these areas have more curve sections. The equipment limit of curve section directly affects the feasibility of the project, the investment of the project and the safety of driving. There is a big difference between suspended monorail transit system and traditional rail transit system. At present, there is no relevant criterion and standard for direct use at home and abroad. For this reason, taking H-BAHN suspended monorail vehicle in Germany as an example, through the analysis and study of vehicle structure, the factors and calculation formulas of widening equipment boundary in horizontal curve section were analyzed, and the relevant formulas were used to calculate the widening of equipment boundary.
It is necessary to analyze scenarios in which several failures are occurred at the same time for improving signal system security analysis efficiency. Since the existing finite automaton could not solve above problems, a hybrid modeling method for signal system security analysis was designed. In a certain scenario, the finite automaton model was used to analyze the security risk of a certain failure, at the same time, Petri nets modeling method was used for security risks analysis of scenarios in which several failures occurred and were characterized with asynchronism and concurrency. The relevant parameters and performance indexes of specific scenarios were determined by the modeling method, and the signal system security analysis simulator of all modeling scenarios were achieved by using software tools (VC6.0). The system security analysis was carried out orderly and effectively by using the developed simulator for reducing human experience error, improving the efficiency of signal system security analysis, and avoiding the important security risks.
In order to research the relationship characteristic between the interference fit value and stress value of wheel-axle, the traditional contact stress formula based on the mechanics of elasticity and the finite element method was applied. Graphs according to the stress data of 11 picked axle sections and corresponding interference fit value was drawn out, and the linear correlation coefficient r by numerical analysis method was calculated. The analysis results showed that there was a good linear correlation between the calculated stress value and the interference fit value of wheet-axle, and the stress value of the wheel-axle mating area on the axle was influenced greatly and the other areas were less influenced by the interference fit value.
Tento příspěvek se zabývá současným stavem daného terminálu včetně stávajících překládacích prostředků. Dále je zde uvedena technicko-technologická analýza terminálu včetně rozboru technologického zpracování vlaku kombinované přepravy k překládce a další části je uvedena provozně-ekonomická analýza terminálu. Zde jsou zohledněny základní ekonomické ukazatele vztahující se k provozu terminálu a k jeho finanční situaci. Součástí popisu současného stavu jsou zde uvedeny i SWOT a PETS analýzy.
Railroad engineering and operation, Industrial engineering. Management engineering