Egbe Terence Awoh, Achisa C. Mecha, Joseph Kiplagat
et al.
Palm processing industries leave behind huge amounts of biomass annually which are not usually being disposed of sustainably. This study utilizes fast and feasible means of converting empty palm bunch biomass into supercapacitor electrodes. The two-step carbonization-activation method was used to synthesize the highly porous activated carbon, which was used in the electrodes. The resulting materials exhibited patterns similar to that of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and a maximum specific surface area of 1375 m2/g. The supercapacitor designed from the porous activated carbon exhibits the greatest specific capacitance of 251 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s, under 6 M KOH electrolyte. The corresponding GCD analysis at 100 mA/g current density was 346 F/g, and about 82.9 % of the original capacitance value was retained even after 5000 GCD cycles. The energy density and power density were 17.16 Wh/kg and 180.1 W/kg, respectively. This work does not only provide a feasible route for the management of palm agro-industrial waste, but also produces carbon materials whose electrochemical performance are competitive to state-of-the-art biomass-derived carbon, offering a sustainable pathway for electrochemical energy storage.
Ablie Njie, Tobias Hüsemann, Bernhard Karpuschewski
The use of metalworking fluid (MWF) in surface grinding is essential, but its supply contributes notably to the process energy demand. This study investigates the effect of the fluid jet to wheel speed ratio <i>q</i><sub>s</sub> on specific grinding energy and associated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Experiments with grinding wheels of different grit sizes (F60–F120) were conducted at cutting speeds of 35 and 60 m/s. Critical specific material removal rates <i>Q</i>’<sub>w, crit</sub> were determined by taper grinding, with the onset of grinding burn identified by Barkhausen noise analysis. Based on these values and the grinding wheel width, specific process energies <i>e</i><sub>total</sub> were derived from grinding, pump, and machine base load. F120 wheels showed no systematic dependence of <i>Q</i>’<sub>w, crit</sub> on <i>q</i><sub>s</sub>, whereas for coarser F80 and F60 wheels, decreasing <i>q</i><sub>s</sub> from 1.0 to 0.6 increased <i>Q</i>’<sub>w, crit</sub> by 13–27% at 35 m/s and decreased it by 33–35% at 60 m/s. The most efficient process (F60, 35 m/s, <i>q</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.6) required 152.8 J/mm<sup>3</sup>, the least efficient (F120, 60 m/s, <i>q</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.8) 333.1 J/mm<sup>3</sup>. Because CO<sub>2</sub> emissions scale with <i>e</i><sub>total</sub>, the relative differences in energy directly indicate relative differences in CO<sub>2</sub> output. An illustrative case study shows that adjusting <i>q</i><sub>s</sub> alone (F80, 35 m/s) lowers annual emissions from 0.284 t to 0.206 t, a reduction of approximately 27%. These findings highlight the influence of <i>q</i><sub>s</sub> on grinding efficiency and process energy demand.
Hipolito Guzman-Miranda, Marcos Lopez Garcia, Alberto Urbon Aguado
With the increasing complexity of digital designs, functional verification is becoming unmanageable. Bugs that survive verification cause a number of issues with functional, performance, security, safety and economic impact, and are unfortunately prevalent in current FPGA and ASIC designs, manifesting in later stages of development or even after the design has been deployed or manufactured. In this context, Formal Verification poses itself as a powerful complement to verification by simulation, which is currently the most extended verification method. By mathematically proving properties of the designs, Formal Verification allows to verify them with high confidence, but also requires designers to have deep expertise of the methods, techniques and tools. Thus, adoption of formal methods for verification is not as extended as their usefulness may suggest, and even less in the case of VHDL teams. To lower the adoption barriers for formal verification of digital designs, the present article proposes a Formal Verification Methodology, which is complemented by a build and test framework and a repository of examples. Results of applying the Formal Verification Methodology to the repository of examples show compelling results both in manageable design complexity and verification productivity.
Electronic computers. Computer science, Information technology
Muhammad Shoaib Farooq, Syed Muhammad Asadullah Gilani, Muhammad Faraz Manzoor
et al.
Fake news is false or misleading information that looks like real news and spreads through traditional and social media. It has a big impact on our social lives, especially in politics. In Pakistan, where Urdu is the main language, finding fake news in Urdu is difficult because there are not many effective systems for this. This study aims to solve this problem by creating a detailed process and training models using machine learning, deep learning, and large language models (LLMs). The research uses methods that look at the features of documents and classes to detect fake news in Urdu. Different models were tested, including machine learning models like Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine (SVM), as well as deep learning models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), which used embedding techniques. The study also used advanced models like BERT and GPT to improve the detection process. These models were first evaluated on the Bend-the-Truth dataset, where CNN achieved an F1 score of 72%, Naïve Bayes scored 78%, and the BERT Transformer achieved the highest F1 score of 79% on Bend the Truth dataset. To further validate the approach, the models were tested on a more diverse dataset, Ax-to-Grind, where both SVM and LSTM achieved an F1 score of 89%, while BERT outperformed them with an F1 score of 93%.
At the Walisongo Vocational School Semarang Semarang SPP payment system that is carried out at this time is by manual method where payment of SPP is still conventional where administrative staff must look for student data and record transactions in the ledger containing student data, then fill in the student payment card column. and come as proof that students have paid. However, the payment system is less optimistic.Seeing these situations and conditions, the author makes a web-based response system for spp payment automation based on the SMS gateway at Walisongo Vocational School Semarang by using the Research And Development (R & D) method where this application can help administrative administrators in this institution to facilitate payment and can make notifications directly to parents of students automatically.This application the author uses the HTML and PHP programming language with the MySQL database, where later the data will be entered and stored in the database and the author also uses the SMS gateway hardware as a notification media to the parents of students so that the use can be more easier and optimal.
In this paper, we consider a mathematical model for cell division using a Pantograph-type nonlocal partial differential equation, accompanied by relevant initial and boundary conditions. This formulation results in a nonlocal singular eigenvalue problem. We explore the possible eigenvalues that may lead to nontrivial solutions. We then consider cells that divide once they achieve a minimum size. Our model incorporates asymmetric cell division and exponential growth. We show that, unlike the constant growth rate case, a probability density function eigenvalue can be determined explicitly. Additionally, we demonstrate that a stochastic growth rate produces eigenfunctions expressed as an infinite series of modified Bessel functions. We extend our findings to encompass a wider range of dispersion and growth rates. The implications of this work are significant for understanding the dynamics of cell populations in biological systems. The work has potential applications in cancer research and developmental biology, where cell growth and division play critical roles.
Focusing on providing added value to the organization by examining and improving business operations, the primary goal of internal audit is to help achieve business objectives. Business performance is generally expressed as the level of success shown in reaching the goals. . In this direction, the main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between internal audit and business performance in industrial enterprises. In this context, it was examined whether the senior management’s support, the internal audit’s independence, the internal auditors’ professional competencies and the internal control system have an effect on the financial performance (return on assets, return on equity and net profit margin). In the study, the data obtained through applicaiton of a questionnaire on the manufacturing industrial enterprises in Borsa Istanbul were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H Test, a non-parametric method via SPSS (Version 26). As a result of the analysis; it has been determined that the return of asssets had a significant relationship with senior management support, professional competence and internal control system; and a non-significant relationship with the independence of internal audit. It has also been determined that the return on equity had a significant relationship with senior management support, professional competence and internal control system; and a non- significant relationship with the independence of internal audit. Also, a non-significant relationship was detected between net profit margin and senior management support, professional competence, internal control system and the independence of internal audit.
Forest fires are one of the most frequently occurring natural hazards, causing substantial economic loss and destruction of forest cover. As the Gangwon-do region in Korea has abundant forest resources and ecological diversity as Korea's largest forest area, spatial data on forest fire susceptibility of the region are urgently required. In this study, a forest fire susceptibility map (FFSM) of Gangwon-do was constructed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and three machine learning algorithms: Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). The factors related to climate, topography, hydrology, and human activity were constructed. To verify the accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used. The AUC values were 0.846 (BRT), 0.835 (RF), 0.751 (CART). Factor importance analysis was performed to identify the important factors of the occurrence of forest fires in Gangwon-do. The results show that the most important factor in the Gangwon-do region is slope. A slope of approximately 17° (moderately steep) has a considerable impact on the occurrence of forest fires. Human activity and interference are the other important factors that affect forest fires. The established FFSM can support future efforts on forest resource protection and environmental management planning in Gangwon-do.
Orientation: Overreliance on goodness-of-fit (GoF) indices in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fit evaluations appears to negatively influence the integrity and replicability of research findings in general, and on research to develop work-to-family enrichment (WFE) theory in particular.
Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to test for the conceptual replicability of the essentially unidimensional CFA model of the MACE Work-to-Family Enrichment scale (MACE-W2FE) using Bayesian structural equation modelling.
Motivation for the study: Multidimensional and second-order factor models are commonly reported for WFE instruments, but the more tenable essentially unidimensional model has remained largely untested, because of the limitations of GoF indices.
Research approach/design and method: Two independent cross-sectional study samples of 627 and 346 employees from various industry sectors was used. Bayesian structural equation modelling (BSEM) was applied to assess whether model misspecifications at local indicator level were substantive in terms of classical test theory, and justified the rejection of an essentially unidimensional CFA model (the breadth factor) for different MACE-W2FE versions.
Main findings: In this study it was found that the essentially unidimensional model of the MACE-W2FE conceptually replicated across different studies, samples, MACE-W2FE versions and statistical theorems.
Practical/managerial implications: The MACE-W2FE can be univocally scored as a single breadth factor for use in future research.
Contribution/value-add: This study demonstrated the value of local indicator misspecification analysis using BSEM in countering deficient model testing in WFE studies.
Abstract Growing levels of political polarization in the United States have been associated with political homogeneity in the personal networks of American adults. The 2016 Presidential Election in the United States was a polarizing event that may have caused further loss of connections to alters who had different politics. Kinship may protect against loss of politically different ties. Additionally, loss of ties with different political views may be particularly pronounced among LGBTQ+ people as they are more likely to be impacted by public policy decisions compared to their heterosexual counterparts. We analyzed two waves of the University of California, Berkeley Social Networks Study's (UCNets) Main Sample and LGBTQ+ Oversample of older adults that occurred in 2015 and 2017, which provided an opportunity to assess alter loss after the 2016 Presidential Election. When evaluating all adults, we found that politically different alters were more likely to reflect kin ties than partner or friend ties. We also found that politically different kin are less likely to be dropped suggesting that kinship acts as a moderating effect of different political views on alter loss. LGBTQ+ respondents were more likely to drop kin alters with different political views than their cisgender heterosexual counterparts. We discuss the implications these results have for political polarization interventions as well as the social networks impact politics can have on LGBTQ+ individuals.
Unggul Sentanu Noercahyo, Mohammad Syamsul Maarif, I Made Sumertajaya
The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of employee engagement from the perspective of job engagement and organization engagement on job satisfaction and its effect on organizational performance. This research was conducted at a multinational manufacturing chemicals company located in Tangerang and Cilegon. The population was approximately 121 employees consisting of three job levels: Manager, White Collar, and Blue Collar. A target sample determined approximately 93 employees. Sampling using a non-probability sampling approach with a quota sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed to the population, but only 86 respondents filled out and returned the questionnaire. Method of hypothesis testing using Partial Least Square of Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results suggested that job engagement has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction but does not significantly affect organizational performance. Next, organization engagement has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction but does not significantly affect organizational performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction has a positive effect and significantly influences organizational performance. Future research is advisable to examine the relations of other variables such as workload, work-life balance, and implementation of an integrated management system, which, believed, can provide a comprehensive view of employee engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational performance.
Cornelia Hollander, Nadine Rauh, Frederik Naujoks
et al.
Partially automated driving (PAD, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) level 2) features provide steering and brake/acceleration support, while the driver must constantly supervise the support feature and intervene if needed to maintain safety. PAD could potentially increase comfort, road safety, and traffic efficiency. As during manual driving, users might engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, studies systematically examining NDRT execution during PAD are rare and most importantly, no established methodologies to systematically evaluate driver distraction during PAD currently exist. The current project’s goal was to take the initial steps towards developing a test protocol for systematically evaluating NDRT’s effects during PAD. The methodologies used for manual driving were extended to PAD. Two generic take-over situations addressing system limits of a given PAD regarding longitudinal and lateral control were implemented to evaluate drivers’ supervisory and take-over capabilities while engaging in different NDRTs (e.g., manual radio tuning task). The test protocol was evaluated and refined across the three studies (two simulator and one test track). The results indicate that the methodology could sensitively detect differences between the NDRTs’ influences on drivers’ take-over and especially supervisory capabilities. Recommendations were formulated regarding the test protocol’s use in future studies examining the effects of NDRTs during PAD.
Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development of artificial intelligence systems and their impact on the development of legal relations in the economy and culture of modern society, have been considered. Aspects of mutual policies in the field of intellectual property rights and the development of artificial intelligence systems for the development of innovation and creativity have been examined. Questions of copyright and ownership in the interaction of man, collective and artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence systems have been raised and proposed. Issues related to artificial intelligence as an object of intellectual property have been considered. The position of the author on the legal personality of artificial intelligence to intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence systems has been presented, which is expressed in the answers to the questions of the project of the World Intellectual Property Organization to the wide discussion of interested parties, planned for 2020 at the headquarters of the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva. The main conceptual principle of the author on the issues of the planned discussion is to grant the right of copyright and ownership of intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence to a dressed subject – a person or collective, a developer of artificial intelligence with fixation of the latter as a sub-subject or instrument of the subject. Traditional categories of intellectual property rights also have been considered, such as patentability and the inventive level of property in connection with the possible generation of these objects by artificial intelligence. Issues related to data, its generation, fabrications and legal relations regarding data have been considered. Harmonization of international intellectual property rights policies to alleviate the technological gap between countries in the context of artificial intelligence development has been examined.