Abstract This article describes newly available data on the German short-time work scheme Kurzarbeit. In the course of administering short-time work, the Federal Employment Agency has begun to collect data on its usage. From this process, two distinct data sets emerge: one at the establishment level and one at the individual level. The article explains how both data sets are generated from the administration of Kurzarbeit, details the information they contain and provides illustrative applications. It also discusses the respective potentials and limitations of these data sets for research. JEL classification E24, H25, J08, J65, J68
Abstract Based on a novel dataset, we examine the gender gaps in the career opportunities of university graduates in accountancy, administration and economics in Uruguay. We find no significant gender differences in graduation marks, time to degree or the likelihood of attaining upper-level job positions shortly after graduation. However, the gaps emerge 7 years after graduation. We show that women are 10% points less likely than men to advance in the job ranking. Additionally, their probability of working full-time is 17% points lower. These chances are reduced even further when children are present. From the supply side, soon after degree women express a stronger preference than men for job stability and free time outside work. Our findings point to a “glass ceiling effect” that persists even within a specific and highly-rewarded skill group and a gender-balanced field of study in the country.
Yvonne Nell, Alta Kritzinger, Marien A.N. Graham
et al.
Background: Autistic learners benefit from demonstrating academic knowledge with the help of assessment accommodations, guided by South African examination policies, such as the National Policy Pertaining to the Conduct, Administration and Management of Examinations and Assessment for the National Senior Certificate Examination. However, stakeholder perspectives on accommodations remain under-explored.
Objectives: This study explored stakeholder perspectives (autistic adults, caregivers, educators, psychologists, speech-language therapists and occupational therapists) on assessment accommodations for autistic learners in South African schools.
Method: A web-based questionnaire was distributed nationally to professionals and caregivers (n = 92). Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative responses were thematically coded.
Results: Stakeholders reported a persistent policy-practice disconnect, with educators lacking the knowledge of accommodation policies, as well as the training to implement accommodations, particularly for autistic learners. Similarly, current policies do not adequately accommodate the needs related to sensory regulation and anxiety. Considerable variability emerged in accommodation preferences, reflecting both the heterogeneity of autistic learners and the differences across stakeholder groups. Respondents also prioritised universal design elements such as simplified language, redundancy and clearer assessment layouts, which are not currently considered in South African policy. Overall, findings highlight the need for expanded and individually tailored assessment accommodations informed by diverse stakeholder input.
Conclusion: The findings highlight a disconnect between policy and practice. Broader autism-specific accommodations are crucial to support equitable assessment conditions in South African schools, especially for learners with sensory and communication challenges.
Contribution: This study provides insight into stakeholder experiences and suggests that current assessment policies may inadvertently exclude autistic learners. The findings support the need for inclusive, contextually relevant assessment strategies. The contribution aligns with the focus of the journal on disability inclusion by advancing evidence-based recommendations that promote full participation of neurodivergent learners in education systems, particularly within under-resourced and diverse settings.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities, Communities. Classes. Races
Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin suomalaisten äitien kokemuksia työhönpaluusta nuorimman lapsen syntymän jälkeen. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten työhönpaluun ajankohta koetaan ja kuinka lapsen ikä, äidin koulutustausta ja taloudellinen tilanne vaikuttavat tähän kokemukseen. Kiintymyssuhdeteorian mukaan äidin työhönpaluu voi aiheuttaa lapsessa stressiä, mikä voi vaikuttaa myös vanhemman kokemuksiin työhönpaluun onnistumisesta. Aineistona käytettiin kyselytutkimusta, johon osallistui 312 äitiä, jotka olivat palanneet töihin kahden vuoden sisällä lapsen syntymästä. Lapsen ikää työhönpaluuhetkellä sekä äidin koulutustaustan ja koetun taloustilanteen yhteyttä työhönpaluukokemukseen selvitettiin logistisella regressioanalyysillä. Äidit siirtyivät työelämään keskimäärin lapsen ollessa 1 vuoden ja 3 kuukauden ikäinen. Suurin osa (72,8 %) piti ajankohtaa sopivana itselleen ja perheelleen. Liian aikaiseksi työhönpaluun koki joka neljäs (25,6 %) otoksen äideistä: tällöin lapsi oli keskimäärin 1 vuoden ja 1 kuukauden ikäinen. Korkeampi koulutustaso ja lapsen vanhempi ikä työhönpaluun hetkellä lisäsivät todennäköisyyttä kokea työhönpaluuajankohta sopivaksi. Tulokset korostavat perhevapaiden, hoivaihanteiden ja perheystävällisten työelämäkäytäntöjen merkitystä vanhempien
työhönpaluussa.
AbstractAs labor in the capitalist system practically tripled to some three billion workers, solidary organizations of labor simultaneously dwindled in relative size and power. This is true globally but also for the historical core countries. While this is a paradox, it is not a contradiction. Capital is a (spatialized) social relationship. The globalization of capital since the 1970s has shifted the power relations with localized labor fundamentally in favor of capital, as Charles Tilly noted in this journal almost thirty years ago. Over time, power balances within capitalist states, and between capitalist states and transnationalizing capital, have reflected that basic class-relational shift. This article explains why the globalizing cycle of weakened labor may now be reversing.
Background & Purpose: The issue of work-family conflict has received much attention in today's organizations, because it affects the organizational success and the personal life of employees. Studies in this field emphasize its two-dimensionality: work family conflict (WFC) and family- work conflict (FWC). Therefore, the research seeks to identify the affecting factors and consequences of both of the conflicts.
Methodology: This interpretive research has used the systematic literature review (SLR) method to answer the main research question. Its information sources include related articles that have been published in international scientific databases from 1992 to 2023 and entered the systematic review process based on acceptance criteria. Finally, after evaluating their quality based on Q and H indexes of publications, 91 articles were analyzed using coding method.
Findings: The identified antecedents of work-family conflict were classified into four categories: nature of job, time-related antecedents of the job, job requirements and work conditions, and social pressure of the job, which lead to two categories of consequences: weakening of the family role and Weakening the quality of family life. The antecedents affecting family-work conflict are also classified into three categories: family status of employees, role-oriented family antecedents, and family social pressure. The consequences of these antecedents include: psychological job consequences, behavior-oriented job consequences, and performance-oriented job consequences.
Conclusion: The findings of this research can help managers and organizations to better understand the antecedents and consequences related to both areas of the conflict so that they can effectively take steps to solve the problems of the working and family life of employees. Additionally, the findings of this study, by integratingng the findings of previous studies, have helped to improve the richness of existing knowledge in this field.
Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
O texto originou-se de exposição por mim realizada por ocasião do lançamento da Revista Trabalho Necessário, número 42, de 2022, organizada por Rodrigo Lamosa e Marco Lamarão, cujo tema é O empresariamento da educação e o Estado-educador. Refere-se ao processo metarreflexivo sobre as análises apresentadas no volume pelos vários autores, tendo em vista assinalar as tendências e contribuições acerca do tema, ressalvadas as divergências teóricas. É comum às abordagens a defesa inconteste da escola pública em todas as suas formas, e a análise das estratégias da burguesia para a formação da juventude trabalhadora. São tratados os Aparelhos Privados de Hegemonia; as organizações multilaterais; os aparelhos de Estado; as TICs. No que toca diretamente ao assunto do dossiê, os autores discutiram empresariamento, privatização, mercantilização, mercadorização, financeirização, comoditização, relação público-privado, filantropização, capitalização, flexibilização e comercialização, evidenciando-se que são muitas as formas de refletir sobre a presença do capital na determinação das políticas educacionais no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Educação pública; Política Educacional; Educação e Trabalho.
Palavras-chave: Educação pública; Política Educacional; Educação e Trabalho.
Special aspects of education, Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand
Mitha Qurrota Ayuni, Muhammad Yusuf, Endang Dwiyanti
Introduction: PT. X is a company that concentrates on the agricultural sector by producing ammonia and urea fertilizers. Occupational accidents at PT.X are reported and recorded by the Department of Occupational Health and Safety, one of which is a form of monitoring the performance of the BBS program at PT. X. The research objective was to determine the performance of the Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) program in reducing occupational accidents due to unsafe actions at PT.X. Methods: This study is an observational study. Determination and sampling in this study used accidental sampling technique for safety officers as many as 5 respondents, while the cluster sampling technique was used for the workforce of 95 respondents. The data analysis method used was descriptive semi-quantitative. Results: The results showed the fulfillment of the criteria and maturity level of behavior-based safety at PT. X, In general, PT X was already at level 4, namely "High Performing" with an average of 3.5. Meanwhile, the work accident rate analysis using the Safe T-score of PT. X was in the category between +2.0 and -2.0, meaning that the number of occupational accidents at PT. X after implementing behavior-based safety did not experience any significant changes. Conclusion: The performance of the behavior-based safety (BBS) program in reducing occupational accidents due to unsafe actions at PT. X in 2019 was effective even though the maturity level of the application of BBS was still not at the high performance level criteria on all criteria, and there was still no significant change in the reduction of the number of occupational accidents.
La monografía titulada Los trabajadores maduros ante el reto del envejecimiento activo: especial atención a la empleabilidad, la protección por desempleo y la jubilación", fruto de la tesis doctoral de la profesora de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social de la Universidad de Málaga, María Iluminada Ordoñez Casado y publicada por Ediciones Laborum (2019) viene a abordar, de manera estructurada y eficaz, la problemática de los trabajadores próximos a la edad de jubilación, haciendo un magnífico y completo recorrido por el corpus normativo que regula los mecanismos de acceso al mercado de trabajo y el mantenimiento del empleo de los trabajadores maduros.
Fizah Mahnoor Khan, Shakeela Perveen, Aamir Gul Memon
et al.
Background: Overweight is an excessive amount of body fat than normal. BMI is used as a screening tool to identify which weight category a person is in. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) includes physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning. The prevalence of overweight weighted to the general Pakistani population is 25.0% and the Prevalence of obesity is 10.3%.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the relation of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Methodology: This correlation study was conducted at Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study duration was 6 months from February 2018 - July 2018. A total of 500 overweight males and females were selected through Purposive Sampling. Self-structured questionnaire for demographics and Quality of Life was assessed through the health-related quality of life questionnaire (HRQOL). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.
Results: A total of 500 individuals responded to a survey with a mean age of 20.43 ± 1.485. Out of 500, 55% (275) were female and 45% (225) were male. There is an indirect significant correlation between overweight (BMI) and HRQOL with r value -1.05 and p-value 0.19. Psychosocial outcomes are negatively correlated with Overweight.
Conclusion: This study concluded that there is an inverse relationship between overweight and quality of life, both in males and females. All psychosocial aspects of life are affected by elevated BMI. The study will bring awareness in health care worker about physical and mental stress related to High BMI score which needs it to be improved for the betterment of health.
Keywords: Body mass index, Health-related Quality of life and psychosocial outcome, Overweight.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities, Therapeutics. Psychotherapy
Introduction: The implementation of qualified sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain (5S) is a significant factor to prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents in companies with a high-risk level of occupational accidents, such as being exposed to falling objects or tripped with objects, especially in departments that handle goods or materials. This research aims to identify the enactment of 5S as occupational accidents preventions in the logistic department at PT. X. Metods: This research is descriptive-analytic research which describes the company policy regarding the employment of 5S and the characteristics of the workers in the logistic department at PT. X. Moreover, this research also intends to analyze the strength of the relationship between the workers’ characteristics based on the correlation coefficient value by using the cross-sectional approach. The data is in the form of secondary data obtained by using questionnaires and interview. Results: It has been noticed that there is a qualified policy regarding the implementation of 5R in the form of technical instructions and the SOP of the company that has been well-enacted. Majority of the workers in the logistic department at PT. X is between 15-30 years old with high school educational attainment and has been serving in the company for <6 years. It is also perceived that all workers in the logistic department have a good 5S understanding level and good attitudes toward the implementation of 5R. However, there is a difference in the direction of the relationship of the variables analyzed; one is a negative relationship while the other is a positive relationship. Conclusion: It can be affirmed that PT. X has implemented 5S in a good way, seen from the understanding level of the workers regarding 5S or the attitude of the workers in implementing 5S, particularly in the logistic department. This is also proven by the company policy on the enactment of 5S that has been well-carried out.
Keywords: 5S implementation, logistic, occupational accidents
Oil and gas industry is an industry sector that has a high risk of fire. Fire is a potential hazard which can caused material loss, break of the production process and the danger to the human life safety. The aim of this research is to evaluate the installation and maintenance of portable fire extinguisher in PT. Pertamina Lubricants Production Unit Gresik. This research was observational and descriptive research using cross sectional design. The data used are primary data obtained from observations and interviews, and secondary data from documents and other supporting reports. The result showed that management has provided portable fire extinguisher almost every corner of the office building and production areas. The results of the identification of a potential fire hazard in PT. Pertamina Lubricants Production Unit Gresik that there is a potential fire hazard group A (solid materials, except metal), group B (material flammable liquid or gas) and group C (voltage electrical installations). Variables which have been in accordance with Decree of Minister of Labor No.04/MEN/1980 is the type and condition, within the installation, and the suitability of portable fire extinguisher signs, while variable that does not fit is the mounting height, sign mounting height and maintenance of portable fire extinguisher. The conclusion is PT. Pertamina Lubricants Production Gresik Unit has carried out the installation and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers but some are not in accordance with the regulations.
Keywords: fire, installation, maintenance, portable fire extinguisher
AbstractThis article aims at briefly reviewing some of the main contributions on the transformations and role of the labor movement during the dictatorship in Argentina from 1976 to 1983. The analysis of the historiography will distinguish three main sub-periods: the 1980s, marked by the transition to democracy in Argentina; the 1990s, a decade during which neoliberal reforms were applied with full strength; and the post 2001-crisis, a time of economic growth and complex transformation of the academic sphere. It will examine approaches to two different complex and heterogeneous actors: the working class, its political and social role, as well as the labor force; and the trade-union movement, as the institutional organizations supposed to represent labor interests. In dialog with the historiographical analysis, the last part of the article will summarize some of the main existing open questions, as well as the possibly fruitful lines of research ahead.
AbstractThroughout the literature on contemporary populism in Europe, scholars point to increasing precarity brought about by post-Fordist labor relations as a central component in outrage on both the Left and the Right. Focusing on the case of Madrid and its right to housing movement, I instead argue that current mobilizations need to be understood as the product of the long absence of Fordist urban economic arrangements. I demonstrate how the working class was only able to attain full membership in the city during the recent economic boom. With the property crash, that membership appeared fleeting, triggering both inequality and outrage. Ultimately, I insist on the role of housing in the production of class formation and subjectivities.
Shift work has been linked to health disorders, decreases in workers’ safety and productivity, and poor family and social relationships. However, the relationship between this type of work and the incidence of psychosocial health disorders is not yet well characterized. This study aims to analyse the impact of the shift work in the prevalence of the burnout syndrome, anxiety, depression and stress. A total of 175 workers from the production sector of a metalworking industry, operating in three different shifts (morning, afternoon and night), participated in the study. The burnout syndrome was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure and the anxiety, depression and stress were measured through the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). The obtained levels of burnout syndrome and stress were low, while anxiety and depression exhibited higher levels. Contrary to what was expected, the morning shift presented higher levels of psychosocial health disorders. However, no significant differences were found between the three shifts. These results can be explained by several factors such as the workers’ age, years of work in the shift work and the existence of a second job.
Ann Bullen, Rosemary Luger, Debbie Prudhomme
et al.
Background: The purpose of this article is to share some lessons learnt by an interdisciplinary therapy team working with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), implemented in diverse, low-income contexts over a period of 8 years.
Objectives: The objective of all the activities described here was to provide increased stimulation and development opportunities for persons with PIMD within different settings (day care centre, residential centre or family home).
Method: We used an iterative action-learning approach where we applied existing evidence in the given context, reflected on and adapted strategies in collaboration with stakeholders on a cyclical basis. We focussed on achieving our objectives through ongoing hands-on training of the carers involved with the clients as we felt that by providing them with the knowledge and skills needed, plus ongoing support, these programmes would be more sustainable.
Findings: It took some time to put systems in place in care settings, but once they became part of the daily routine, they provided increased opportunities for learning for clients with PIMD. In addition, there were often marked changes in individual clients’ communicative and physical functioning, which in turn encouraged carers to find new and different ways to interact with, and stimulate, the persons with PIMD in their care.
Conclusion: Our hope is that parents and carers or professionals working in the field of PIMD in low-income contexts elsewhere may find one, some or all of these simple ideas useful in providing opportunities for learning, development and enjoyment for persons with PIMD.
Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities, Communities. Classes. Races
Adriana Maria Tonini, Alexandre Cézar de Oliviera Melo
This article examines the legal aspects and contributions of the Supervised Internship in Engineering for Engineers training, since, as an educational act, promotes the combination of knowledge (theory acquired in the educational environment) to do so (practice applied in the Marketplace work). The starting point for the analysis of legal references is the Decree no. 1002/67 which came to discipline the Curricular Supervised internship offering a contribution to improve workforce in the industrial and commercial sectors, but did not solve all questions referring to the practice of stages. The Law no. 6494 published in 1977 and Decree No. 87497 of 1982 are analyzed in sequence due to the relevance of the rules and guidelines of these two texts that regulated the training institute in the country for over thirty years. The last analyzed legal text is Law No. 11.788, published in 2008 and which became known as the New Law for internship because of implementations and adjustments which now require both the concession and in hiring interns to companies, institutions teaching and students / trainees. Unlike its predecessors, the new law introduces the stage as a complementary pedagogical action aimed at professional qualification aimed at students of various courses. In the current context, the Supervised Internship in Engineering links to learning the skills and knowledge required as a worker, professional activity, and development of the student as a citizen. Internship becomes a key link between the school and the professional environment so it contributes to the training, qualification, experience and practice of the Engineer.
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Este artigo analisa os aspectos legais e as contribuições do Estágio Supervisionado em Engenharia para a formação de Engenheiros, uma vez que, como ato educativo, promove a combinação entre o saber (teoria adquirida no ambiente educacional) com o fazer (prática aplicada no mercado de trabalho). O ponto de partida para a análise das referências legais é a Portaria n. 1.002/67 que passou a disciplinar o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado oferecendo um aporte para uma melhor formação da mão de obra nos segmentos industrial e comercial, mas não resolvia todas as questões referentes à prática de estágios. A Lei n. 6.494, publicada em 1977, e o Decreto n. 87.497, de 1982, são analisados na sequência devido à relevância das regras e às orientações desses dois textos que regularam o instituto do estágio no país por mais de 30 anos. O último texto legal analisado é o da Lei n. 11.788, publicada em 2008 e que ficou conhecida como a Nova Lei do Estágio por causa das implementações e adequações que passou a exigir, tanto na concessão quanto na contratação de estagiários para empresas, instituições de ensino e estudantes/estagiários. Diferentemente das suas predecessoras, a Nova Lei apresenta o Estágio como ação pedagógica complementar que visa à qualificação profissional destinada a alunos de vários cursos. No contexto atual, o Estágio Supervisionado em Engenharia vincula-se à aprendizagem das competências e dos conhecimentos exigidos como trabalhador, na atividade profissional, e no desenvolvimento do aluno como cidadão. O Estágio torna-se um elo fundamental entre a escola e o ambiente profissional na medida em que contribui com a formação, a qualificação, a experiência e a prática do Engenheiro.
Special aspects of education, Labor. Work. Working class
AbstractThis article explores some of the visual imagery that has emerged from the process of deindustrialization. It seeks to understand the similarities and differences between post-industrial photography collected in book format in both North America and Europe and the critics of this genre. It makes sense of the value and meaning of this publishing trend and what it says about its market. While it would be easy to dismiss this material as “simply nostalgic,” representing another manifestation of “smokestack nostalgia,” this article suggests that we need a more nuanced account which asks questions about the continuing desire to reflect back and find value in the industrial past. In so doing it makes a contribution to a wider critical account of the role of cultural approaches to interpreting industrial change and working-class history.