Chiharu Maeda, Laura E. Knouse, Konoka Takeda
et al.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition associated with impairments across educational, occupational, and social domains. Individuals with ADHD are often exposed to misunderstanding and negative evaluation, which can contribute to stigma and psychological distress. Recently, “masking”—efforts to conceal or compensate for ADHD-related characteristics to meet social expectations—has been discussed as a potential behavioral response to stigma, yet empirical research on this phenomenon remains limited. This narrative review synthesizes English-language research on public stigma and self-stigma related to ADHD and examines how stigma may be associated with masking behaviors in ADHD, drawing on conceptual insights from the literature on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other related fields. In addition, the review situates these processes within the Japanese cultural context, highlighting how cultural characteristics may intensify stigma and contribute to distinctive patterns of masking. By integrating cross-cultural perspectives and highlighting gaps in the current literature, this review underscores the need for ADHD-specific conceptual frameworks, culturally sensitive research, and longitudinal studies to clarify the mechanisms linking stigma and masking. These insights highlight the need for ADHD-specific and culturally sensitive frameworks to inform future research and intervention development.
The article explores practical and ideological aspects of economic policy of the Japanese government during the three-year tenure of Kishida Fumio as Prime Minister of Japan. It analyzes the theoretical concept of the "new form of capitalism," which F. Kishida made the basis of his political image, and its connection with practical politics, noting a significant gap between the ideological characteristics of this concept and current economic policy. The emphasis on increasing the share of labor as a factor of production in the income structure, on the inclusiveness of the economic system, and on the importance of distribution relations has not been accompanied by major changes in the tax and budget policy, labor relations, and relations between government and business. The role of the driving force of socio-economic change has in fact been assigned to technological progress and the evolution of social practices. This confirms the nature of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party as a political force based on the conservative consensus and not inclined to radical steps and bold institutional transformations.
The article describes practical economic policy of Fumio Kishida's cabinets as succeeding that of the second half of the 2010s, in particular, the set of views and measures associated with the name of the then-leader of the LDP, Prime Minister Shinzō Abe ("Abenomics"). It is noted that continuity was characteristic of the main aspects of fiscal, monetary, and institutional policies of Kishida cabinets. Also, the effect of the pursued policy turned out to be higher than that of the predecessors.
The period of Kishida's premiership witnessed a number of new aspects in the government's economic approaches. At the same time, it is noted that, for the most part, they were nothing more than a change in priorities within the old framework or merely marks of a new ideological and conceptual formulation. Significant changes have not been seen so far in macroeconomic regulation or in the long-term priorities of the fiscal strategy of the Japanese government.
At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, the study attempts to explain the perspectives of Indonesian migrant workers on personal financial management measures. This research method is a descriptive qualitative approach. The data source is the results of an Indonesian migrant worker survey conducted in Japan. Questionnaires will be used to collect data from November to December 2021. The sample for this study consisted of 16 respondents who met the criterion of being Indonesian migrant workers who had worked in Japan for at least one year. Based on the analysis of migrant workers' perceptions of monthly financial management strategies in the pandemic period is divided into 4 posts: (1) Post 1, 15% of migrant workers' earnings are utilized for good, such as sending money to their parents back home. (2) Post 2, 15% of the monthly pay is set aside for savings or investments. (3) Post 3, 50% of the remuneration is used to cover monthly living expenses. And (4) Post 4, 20 percent of the salary is used by workers for personal pleasure (lifestyle).
The overseas emigration of Japanese citizens has been on the rise in the last three decades, reaching at the level of 1.34 million in 2021 (MOFA 2022). While the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in its downturn, the number of Japanese citizens who obtained permanent residence overseas continued to increase, hitting a record high of 537,662 in 2021 (MOFA 2022). This article examines the factors behind this growing overseas emigration of Japanese citizens, particularly looking at its flows to Australia, which is now the second most popular destination for Japanese permanent residents. Based on the narratives of 62 research participants, this article will present the basic ideal types of Japanese emigrants and examine the themes that appeared prominently in their emigration decision-making, including the acquisition of global experience, work-life balance, gender inequality, aversion of disaster/environmental and long-term economic risks, and political concerns. It will also discuss the ways in which Japanese emigration and the diversifying experiences of Japanese citizens have impacted Japanese literature so far and how the growing presence of ‘global nomads’ moving across multiple borders is likely to enrich the Japanese literature in the future by challenging the existing understanding of “Japaneseness” and the meaning of migration.
This article examines the history of the formation of the Ōbaku Zen sect and the role that the so-called “Ōbaku monks” played in this process. The Ōbaku sect is the third school of Japanese Zen Buddhism, which appeared in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868) due to Chinese immigrants. The Edo period of the history of Japan is often characterized by the isolationist foreign policy enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate, thus the emergence of the Ōbaku sect, which was actually borrowed from China during the isolation, had an impact not only on the Japanese Buddhist community, but also on the formation of the cultural image of the period. The successful establishment of the Ōbaku school, representing the spiritual heritage of Ming China, resulted from many aspects, and one of the most noteworthy points was the efforts of the founder of the school, Yinyuan Longqi (1592-1673), his students and Japanese followers, who formed a group of “Ōbaku monks”. In addition, the “Ōbaku monks” also included Chinese Buddhist priests who settled in Nagasaki since the beginning of the 17th century. Largely due to them, a powerful Chinese diaspora appeared in Nagasaki, which had a sufficient material base and influence to invite an eminent Buddhist monk (later it was decided to choose Yinyuan) from China. It is clear that the role of the individual in the story of success of the Ōbaku in Japan is especially important. Ōbaku masters had to productively interact with the Japanese authorities, get material support and convert new members of the sect relying mainly on their authority and charisma, because they had a difficult task to spread «the word of the Teacher» across the new land. The biographies of prominent Ōbaku monks fully reflect the history of the formation of the doctrine with its ups and downs. Not only did they engage in religious and creative activities, but they also devoted a lot of time to communicating and helping the lay people, forming a positive image of the school in the eyes of the Japanese. The various activities of the followers of the school - both Chinese and Japanese - contributed significantly to the surge in popularity of Ōbaku in Japan during the Edo period.
This paper is an introduction and a critical review of the book Genki a two-volume book for elementary education of the Japanese language which was first published in 1999 and republished in 2011 and 2020. The book has been used in many universities and language teaching centers around the world, especially in recent years. This study is an attempt to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this textbook. This critical assessment is carried out from visual and content-based aspects using Razi’s (2009) evaluation criteria. The overall conclusion of this study showed that Genki, which is the result of a collaboration between a group of Japanese language teaching professionals and teachers, has many strengths and advantages, but while having the strengths, the book suffers from a few shortcomings that if eliminated in future editions, it can be used as a relatively reliable educational source that has the potential to attract the positive attention of many Japanese language teachers and students, especially those who choose to study English independently on a self-study basis.
Indo-Iranian languages and literature, General Works
There is always a hidden meaning in literary works, concise works like poetry. It is always there even though it is not visible in the expression of its words. This is one of the main factors that characterize poetry, a string of impressive, dense, and implied meaning. This study attempts to describe the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song Secret by Hamasaki Ayumi by using the semiotic theory of Riffaterre's poetry. In this study, song lyrics are treated like poetry because of the similarity in form and nature. The results of data analysis found that the main message to be conveyed by the author is freedom. The author feels confined and bound by his status as a famous artist. He feels that he does not have his world because his world belongs to the public.
The survey results (Mori et al., this volume) show that there are divisions among subgroups based on instructional level and language background in the field of Japanese language education. This commentary discusses various kinds of divide or disparity in our professional field based on the author’s experience of involvement in three national professional organizations (ATJ, NCJLT, AATJ). In order for AATJ to become a well-integrated professional organization, the following three recommendations are made: (1) Reevaluate the AATJ’s current mission and bylaws to have a common goal, (2) incorporate the spirit of diversity and inclusion to foster a collegial culture in the organization, and (3) articulate what AATJ wants students to attain through the study of Japanese.
Language and Literature, Japanese language and literature
This study uses conversation data and ethnographic interviews to examine the role of meta-talk in speaker legitimacy for L2 Japanese speakers. Autoethnographic analysis of conversation data demonstrates how an L2 speaker is co-constructed (jointly positioned) as a (non)legitimate speaker of Japanese Dialect. The researcher, an L2 Japanese speaker, recorded Japanese conversations with L1 interlocutors, namely, her L1 Japanese spouse and in-laws. Two contrasting cases of L2 Japanese Dialect use are examined. In the first case, L1 interlocutors respond to the L2 speaker’s dialect with meta-talk about “our language,” co-constructing the L2 speaker as a non-legitimate dialect user. In the second case, the L2 speaker’s dialect use is affirmed when the L1 interlocutor uses similar dialect; no meta-talk occurs. The conversation data is supplemented with ethnographic interview data which underscores the prevalence of meta-talk. Meta-talk reveals speakers’ beliefs about legitimate speakerhood in which “our language” does not include L2 speakers. Conversely, the absence of meta-talk affirms the L2 speaker’s dialect use and depicts dialect as a shared form of “our language.” This study contributes to understanding linguistic ideologies, demonstrates how language ownership and speaker legitimacy manifest in Japanese interactions, and adds to research examining Japanese Dialect use by L2 speakers.
Language and Literature, Japanese language and literature
With only one translation of Ningen shikkaku (translated by Donald Keene in 1958 as No Longer Human) available, the review focuses on the translator's intention and approaches to differentiate his translation from No Longer Human.
Language and Literature, Japanese language and literature
Makalah ini membahas analisi semiotika puisiYogorecchimatta kanashimini karya nakahara Chuya. Sebagai sumber data adalah puisi Yogorecchimatta kanashimini. Ancangan penelitian menggunakan semiotika puisi Riffatere dengan fokus penelitian pada analisis pembacaan heuistik dan hermeneutik, analisis ketidaklangsungan ekspresi, serta analisis matrik, model dan varian. Hasil analisis pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik menunjukkan bahwa puisi menggambarkan kondisi jiwa penyair yang dilanda sedih sehingga membuatnya putus asa dan tak berdaya serta dihantui rasa takut. Ketidaklangsungan ekspresi terjadi melalui penggantian arti yang berupa penggunaan metaforo, penyimpangan arti melalui ambiguitas, serta penciptaan arti melalui asonansi dan pengulangan baris. Kesedihan mendalam yang dirasakan penyair menjadi matrik puisi, sedangkan kesedihan yang kotor ini menjadi model puisi. Terdapat tiga varian yaitu kesedihan membuat penyairhanyut dalam guyuran butiran salju, kesedihan membuat penyair putus asa, dan kesedihan membuat penyair tak berdaya.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dan memperoleh pemahaman tentang kualitas buku teks Jepang “Minna no Nihongo”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode evaluasi dengan teknik analisis isi. Model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah Evaluasi Berbasis Tujuan (Goal Based Evaluation) untuk mengukur dan menilai kualitas buku teks pelajaran bahasa Jepang. Dalam penelitian ini, dasar teoretis dari buku pelajaran yang dijelaskan oleh para ahli dieksplorasi dan dikembangkan oleh peneliti dalam bentuk konstruk instrumen untuk mengevaluasi buku teks bahasa asing. Instrumen ini terdiri dari empat komponen, yaitu: materi/isi, keterampilan berbahasa, penyajian, dan keterbacaan. Instrumen ini telah divalidasi oleh pakar perbukuan dan pakar bahasa Jepang, serta diujikan pada empat buku teks pelajaran seri “Minna no Nihongo” yang digunakan di Fakultas Sastra Jurusan Jepang Universitas Darma Persada. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diketahui bahwa kualitas empat buku ditinjau dari empat komponen sekaligus dianggap baik. Namun, buku keterampilan membaca dan menulis ditinjau dari segi penyajian dianggap kurang baik. Instrumen ini diharapkan menjadi pelopor dalam mengevaluasi buku teks pelajaran bahasa asing yang digunakan di Indonesia.Kata kunci: evaluasi, buku teks pelajaran bahasa asing, instrumen penilaian buku teks pelajaran bahasa asing
THE EVALUATION OF JAPANESE TEXTBOOK BASIC LEVEL “MINNA NO NIHONGO ”
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine and gain an understanding of the quality of Japanese textbooks “Minna no Nihongo”. The method applied in this study is the evaluation method with content analysis techniques. Evaluation model used is Goal Based Evaluation (Objective Oriented Evaluation) to measure and assess the quality of Japanese lesson textbook.In this study, the theoretical basic of the textbooks described by the experts is explored and developed by researcher in the form of instruments construct on evaluating foreign language textbook. This instrument consists of four components, namely: the material/content, language skills, presentation, and readability. This instrument has been validated by book expert and Japanese Language experts, as well as tested in four textbooks series “Minna no Nihongo” used in the Faculty of Literature Japanese Department in University of Darma Persada. Based on the results of the evaluation, it is determined that the quality of four textbooks observed in terms of four components all at once is clarified favorable. But reading and writing skills books observed in terms of presentation only are considered unfavorable. This instrument is expected to be a pioneer in evaluating foreign language text books used in Indonesia.
Keywords: evaluation, foreign language textbooks, assessment instruments of foreign language textbooks
<em>The purposeof this studywas to determinethe structure offormingingo(</em><em>argot), especially in the Japanesepolice. The data werederivedfromthe expressions(argot) that isoften used inthe Japanesepolice. The analysis inthis studyrefersto the theory ofthe formation ofthedividingMikatastructureformationin tensections, while analysisrefersto the theoryof meaningArgot’sSanada.Finding in this study is thatthe formation ofthe policeargotinJapaninclude the establishment ofshorteningsyllables, syllableexchange, a similar shape, association, movement, imagery, soundthe same, the gameof letters, symbols, andanalogies</em>
<p><em>Proverbs conveying animal concepts can be found in almost languages. They are used to express indirectly the spesker’s meaning. The data of the research are taken from Japanese Proverb Dictionary. This study used referential and inferential methods.The methods were used to determine life values in Japanese society or Japanese culture. This analysis reveals that in Japanese proverbs the animal like dog, cat, frog, snake, raccoon, tanuki, fish etc is often mapped on to human beings to expressing human relationship and to show characteristic of the Japanese people and culture.</em></p>
Western classic detective fiction was introduced and translated into Japan and China almost simultaneously and inspired both Japanese and Chinese novelists to create fiction with individual, prodigious detectives as their leading roles, which was not too dissimilar to their Western counterparts. Nevertheless, in the postwar era, Japan and China developed diverse genres of detective fiction. In 1960s’ Japan, the Syakaiha(Social School) detective fiction, which is best represented by Matsumoto Seicho, tended to produce realistic works wherein the police, journalists and ordinary citizens, instead of great detectives, turned out to be the leading force in solving murder cases. In 1980s China, however, the state helped to nurture a new literary genre, Hose Bungaku(Legal System Literature), which highlighted how the police caught criminals. Having borrowed techniques from Syakaiha detective fiction, Hose Bungaku, also has its own characteristics. This paper compares both genres by positioning them in the different contexts of Japan and China and further discusses their historical significance.
In November 1935, the newly established Korean magazine Cho-Gwang began to publish a serialized parody novel, Modun Sim-Chong Jun (Modern Sim-Chong’s Story). At the beginning of this classic-based novel, a famous ‘western’ jazz singer, Josephine Baker, appears half-naked as a holy spirit, wearing a pilot’s helmet and holding feminine medicine for women in her hand. Interestingly, we can see her representation in the same magazine two months from the end of that novel. One Korean modernist novelist, Yi Hyo-Sok, wrote an essay, C Hang-gu oe Il-gu (Scenery of C Harbor)’ in August 1936 in which he described a night at the theater near ‘C’ harbor where Josephine Baker, dropping in the city by chance during her tour around Manchukuo, sang a nostalgic song. To date, no document has been found either in Korea or in Japan about Josephine Baker visiting East Asian countries at that time. This paper analyzes the translation between cultures by referring to a Korean dancer, Choe Sung-Hui, as a route to approach the background of cultural representations about Josephine Baker and investigates the signifying practices over colonial modernity in East Asia.