Hasil untuk "Industrial electrochemistry"

H. Abu-Rub, J. Holtz, José R. Rodríguez et al.

V. C. Gungor, G. Hancke

Marisa C. Buzzeo, R. G. Evans, R. Compton

L. O. Orzari, Cristiane Kalinke, H. A. Silva-Neto et al.

A few decades ago, the technological boom revolutionized access to information, ushering in a new era of research possibilities. Electrochemical devices have recently emerged as a key scientific advancement utilizing electrochemistry principles to detect various chemical species. These versatile electrodes find applications in diverse fields, such as healthcare diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Modern designs have given rise to innovative manufacturing protocols, including screen and additive printing methods, for creating sophisticated 2D and 3D electrochemical devices. This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of the screen-printing and additive-printing protocols for constructing electrochemical devices. It is also informed that screen-printed sensors offer cost-effectiveness and ease of fabrication, although they may pose challenges due to the use of toxic volatile inks and limited design flexibility. On the other hand, additive manufacturing, especially the fused filament fabrication (or fused deposition modeling) strategies, allows for intricate three-dimensional sensor designs and rapid prototyping of customized equipment. However, the post-treatment processes and material selection can affect production costs. Despite their unique advantages and limitations, both printing techniques show promise for various applications, driving innovation in the field toward more advanced sensor designs. Finally, these advancements pave the way for improved sensor performance and expand possibilities for academic, environmental, and industrial applications. The future is full of exciting opportunities for state-of-the-art sensor technologies that will further improve our ability to detect and determine various substances in a wide range of environments as researchers continue to explore the many possibilities of electrochemical devices.

S. Fosdick, Kyle N. Knust, K. Scida et al.

Jacob Wekalao, Hussein A. Elsayed, Ahmed Mehaney et al.

Male infertility affects approximately 15 % of reproductive-age couples globally, with male factors contributing to roughly 50 % of infertility cases, creating an urgent need for advanced, accessible diagnostic technologies for semen analysis. Current sperm assessment protocols rely predominantly on conventional light microscopy and Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) systems, which suffer from subjective interpretation, high costs, and limited accessibility in resource-constrained settings. This study presents a simple graphene-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor featuring a simple resonator architecture optimized for ultrasensitive sperm detection through label-free, real-time analysis. The electromagnetic analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 demonstrates exceptional sensitivity ranging from 118 GHzRIU−1 to 5000 GHzRIU−1 across refractive indices of 1.33–1.3461 RIU, with a maximum figure of merit of 68.493 RIU−1 and detection limits as low as 0.028 RIU. Machine learning optimization using polynomial regression achieved prediction accuracies of 87–91 % (R2 values of 94–100 %) across critical operational parameters including graphene chemical potential (0.1–0.9 eV), geometric variations, and angular dependencies (0–80°), validating the sensor's robust performance for clinical sperm analysis applications.

Lang Xu, Zhipeng Wang, Ya Li et al.

Copper (Cu) doping is recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties of LiNi_1−x−yCo_xMn_yO₂ (NCM) cathode materials. However, the influence of Cu²⁺ doping on particle size and grain boundary fusion remains insufficiently explored. A simple microwave-assisted solution combustion synthesis method was used to introduce Cu²⁺ into LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523), aiming to regulate particle size and grain boundary fusion. The results demonstrate that increasing the Cu²⁺ doping content promotes particle growth, while an appropriate doping level reduces the degree of grain boundary fusion and cation mixing. Benefiting from these structural improvements, the optimized LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.29Cu_0.01O₂ (Cu–1) cathode exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, delivering a discharge capacity of 128.6 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, which is 32 mAh g⁻¹ higher than value of the undoped sample (96.6 mAh g⁻¹). These findings underscore that tailored Cu²⁺ doping can effectively optimize the microstructure of NCM523, leading to superior cycling stability, and provide new insights into the design of high-performance NCM cathodes.

Evgeny Katz

Wenting Chen, Yikun Yi, Feng Hai et al.

Ionic gel electrolyte retains the characteristics of non-volatilization, non-flammability and outstanding electrochemical stability of ionic liquid, and shows good electrochemical performance combined with the excellent characteristics of different matrix materials, which is considered to be the best choice to achieve high energy density and safety at the same time. In this paper, a flexible and self-healing ionic gel electrolyte was prepared using a solvent-assisted method based on a zteric ion (ZI) copolymer. Abundant hydrogen bonds and synergistic interaction of ions in the electrolyte system endowed it with remarkable self-healing ability. An ionic conductivity of 9.06 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature was achieved. Moreover, the lithium-ion transference number was increased to 0.312. The ionic gel electrolyte has a self-healing function which guarantees long-term tolerance during charging and discharging. The capacity retention rate of the Li//LiFePO₄ battery was 96% after 155 cycles at 0.1 C at 60 °C. This polymer electrolyte is expected to solve the problem of increasing polarization, which is caused by the low lithium ions migration number in ionic liquid electrolyte. And ultimately, it gave rise to a good rate performance.

Ioana Maria Carmen Ienașcu, Adina Căta, Mariana Nela Ştefănuț et al.

The goal of this research was to design novel chloro-substituted salicylanilide derivatives and their β-cyclodextrin complexes in order to obtain efficient antibacterial compounds and to demonstrate the beneficial role of complexation on the efficiency of these compounds. Thus, salicylanilide derivatives, esters, and hydrazides were obtained by microwave-assisted synthesis and their structure proven based on FTIR and NMR spectra. In order to improve water solubility, chemical and physical stability, and drug distribution through biological membranes, the inclusion complexes of the ethyl esters in β-cyclodextrin were also obtained using kneading. Inclusion-complex characterization was accomplished by modern analytical methods, X-ray diffraction, SEM, TGA, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The newly synthesized compounds were tested against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial tests revealed good activity on Gram-positive bacteria and no inhibition against Gram-negative strains. The MIC and MBC values for compounds derived from N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide were 0.125–1.0 mg/mL. N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide derivatives were found to be less active. The inclusion complexes generally behaved similarly to the guest compounds, and antibacterial activity was not been altered by complexation.

K. Karoń, M. Lapkowski

Carbazole and its derivatives have become important materials for optoelectronic applications in recent years. In this work, we have collated information on the oxidation of carbazole and its derivatives. Knowledge of their electrochemical properties affords insight into the mechanisms for their oxidation and reduction as well as possible subsequent reactions. This knowledge therefore provides the basis for evaluating the stabilities of these materials and for designing novel carbazole-derived materials with desired properties as well as new devices.

Xingze Li

Flavonoid as a newly discovered nutrient, has essential physiological health effects on the human body. In this work, a very fast technique was proposed for the electrochemical analysis of rutin in food samples. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres were synthesized for the surface modification of glassy carbon electrodes. The modified electrodes exhibited a sensitive response to rutin. After optimizations, this method can detect rutin in the range of 50 nM-10 μM, with the detection limit calculated to be 15.3 nM. In addition, the proposed electrochemical has been successfully adopted for detecting rutin in juice, pickled cucumbers and tomatoes.

Qi Hu, Qiang Yu, Zhen Chen et al.

Three-dimensional porous PbO2 (3D-PbO2) electrode was prepared by anodic oxidation deposition method，using an oxygen bubble template. To prepare 3D-PbO2 electrode controllably, the influence of current density, Pb2+ ion concentration, and pH value on the structure and performance of PbO2 electrode was studied. The results show that the current density determined the appearance of oxygen bubbles. The nucleation and growth of the oxygen bubbles were controlled by Pb2+ concentration and the pH value, respectively. The effect of the process conditions on the performance of electrode materials was obtained by comparing the electrocatalytic activities of the electrodes. The morphology and phase composition of the different anode materials were analyzed, and electrocatalytic activities were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV curve shows that the total voltammetric charge (qT⁎) of the 3D-PbO2 electrode was 70 times larger than that of the flat-PbO2 electrode. In addition, during the evolution of oxygen, the 3D-PbO2 electrode had a higher exchange current density (j0), lower apparent activation energy (Ea) and lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) than the flat-PbO2 electrode.

F. Lisdat

The coupling of biological entities with electrodes has already quite some history and has reached a status which is not only based on phenomenological descriptions. Nowadays, we are able to effectively couple redox centres within protein molecules to electrochemical transducers. This allows the transduction of a biochemical reaction into an electrode signal with applications mainly in sensing and bioenergetics [1–8]. However, in most cases, this coupling is not direct, and shuttle molecules or side products of the reaction are used. But also for the direct coupling, significant progress has been made, and several enzymes and redox proteins can be addressed directly by electrodes [8–13]. The understanding of the functioning of developed systems is, however, in its infancy. Charge and electrostatic interactions have been mostly studied, and for small dipole molecules such as cytochrome c, the situation can be well described [14]. There is a lack of understanding for more complex enzyme molecules which brings a lot of trial and error into research. The last decade was characterised by an explosion of new materials, which can be used to immobilise protein molecules to electrode surfaces. Particularly, material in the nanoscale appears as a valuable tool since the size dimensions which are similar to biomolecules bring new features and very often avoid inactivation processes occurring by non-biological materials in the macroscale [15–21]. Unfortunately, the literature is full of systems with several mixed materials and biomolecules, but the role of every single component is often not clear.We needmore fundamental studies on the interaction of one nanomaterial with biomolecules. Here, one can not only exploit variations in the nanomaterial structure or surface, but we need to exploit more the potential of protein engineering. The recombinant preparation of proteins and mutants of the native molecule allows much better to elucidate which part of the protein surface is responsible for the surface interaction. However, also with mutants, care has to be taken that the modified protein has still the same 3D structure as the native biomolecule—a fact which is not always controlled in mutational studies. For several nanomaterials, different shapes can be achieved by innovative preparation protocols. This is on the one hand a large “playground” to work on, and on the other hand, we do not understand which structural parameters are important for a productive interaction with a given redox biomolecule. Thus, we need more collaborations between people from biochemical research, materials chemistry and electrochemical sciences. Here, biochemistry is not only acting as servant for electrochemistry, but one can study functional properties by electrochemistry, and thus, new information can be gained about biomolecules. Thus, electrochemistry will also develop as a tool for studying biochemical systems. A special group of materials are polymers which have been used from early days of biosensor research as an immobilisation matrix [22]. Another role of polymers can be, however, exemplified with many enzymes and redox polymers with embedded redox centres. Here, studies show that biomolecular interaction with the polymer is influenced by the ligand shell of the metal centers and the redox potential but also the structural flexibility—mainly tested by variations in the linker length between the metal complex and the polymer backbone [23–25]. This allows the construction of defined signal chains from analyte molecules converted at the enzyme towards a current flow at the electrode. For other groups of polymers, we have much less knowledge. For example, conducting polymers seem also to be very attractivematerials on electrodes since they can transport electrons through the polymeric chains [26–29]. However, only few systems with clear electron exchange between a biocatalyst and a conducting polymer have been demonstrated. The conditions for an effective reaction between an enzyme and a conducting polymer cannot simply be foreseen yet. Polymers seem also valuable in combining different biomolecules on one electrode and thus, creating supramolecular * F. Lisdat flisdat@th-wildau.de

Jiaqi Sun, Lifen Liu, Fenglin Yang

Industrial wastewater containing dyes, antibiotics, heavy metal ions and other refractory organic pollutants has complicated components and poor biodegradability. Comparing to traditional bio-treatment processes, electrochemical technologies have significant advantage in treating such kinds of wastewater due to the electrochemically generated reactive species. Modifying the electrodes with catalytic components can enhance pollutant removal capacity in electro-catalytic (EC) or photo-electro-catalytic (PEC) integrated systems, but high energy consumption of electricity still restricts their implement. Self-biased fuel cells, including photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs), are more sustainable in industrial wastewater/pollutants treatment. Highly active catalytic electrodes are essential to promote pollutant removal and energy conservation. This article reviews the recent development of novel catalytic electrodes in preparation, optimization and sustainable application for industrial wastewater treatment. Technical advantages and optimization spaces of fuel-cell integrated systems (based on PFCs and MFCs) are introduced, and their challenges in large-scale application are pointed out. Catalytic electrodes have broader application fields than powder-form catalysts due to the easy-recyclability and the synergy of catalysis and electrochemistry. An ideal catalytic electrode should be conductive, highly (photo-)electro-active, physically and chemically stable, easy to prepare and low-cost. By optimizing the preparation/loading of novel catalytic materials (heterojunctions, single-atom catalysts etc.), various catalytic electrodes, in forms of self-standing (metal-based, carbon-based

Xingrui Zheng, Song Lv, Zhentao Yuan et al.

A glucose biosensor based on hollow sphere TiO2 was prepared via a simple synthesized method that used carbonaceous spheres as template. The studies indicated that the glucose biosensor based on hollow sphere TiO2 is characterized to high surface area, narrow pore size distribution as well as the high sensitivity of 5.64 mA M-1cm-1, which facilitates the direct electron transfer between glucose oxidase (GOx) and surface of electrodes. Most importantly, this material display long-time stability and reproducibility and achieved 94% stable current only with 3s. Meanwhile, it still maintains the 70% of current response after two months later, indicating that the hollow sphere TiO2 prepared via a carbon-sphere template method is a promising material for the construction of glucose biosensor and other biologic applications.

Jinghua Li, Xianyong Hong, Yumei Luo et al.

Porous carbon materials are one of the most widely studied electrode materials in supercapacitor electrode materials. Many studies have shown that increasing the specific surface area of porous carbon materials, increasing the pore structure, and hetero-atom doping can improve the electrochemical performance of porous carbon materials. Here, three-dimensional-graded porous carbon materials were successfully prepared by carbonization and activation using pine nut shells as carbon sources. After activation by potassium hydroxide, the specific surface area is as high as 2192 m2/g and the pore volume is 1.4 nm. As a supercapacitor electrode material, the specific capacitance at a current density of 0.5 A/g is as high as 408 F/g. The material also has good cycle stability (the specific capacity retention rate after 5,000 cycles of testing at a current density of 10 A/g was 95%). The large specific surface area, outstanding specific capacitance, and good cycle stability make the pine nut-shell porous carbon material a potential supercapacitor electrode material

E. Calvo

R. Sinha, R. Lavrijsen, M. Verheijen et al.

The water splitting activity of hematite is sensitive to the film processing parameters due to limiting factors such as a short hole diffusion length, slow oxygen evolution kinetics, and poor light absorptivity. In this work, we use direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering as a fast and cost-effective route to deposit metallic iron thin films, which are annealed in air to obtain well-adhering hematite thin films on F:SnO2-coated glass substrates. These films are compared to annealed hematite films, which are deposited by reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, which is usually used for depositing metal oxide thin films, but displays an order of magnitude lower deposition rate. We find that DC sputtered films have much higher photoelectrochemical activity than reactive RF sputtered films. We show that this is related to differences in the morphology and surface composition of the films as a result of the different processing parameters. This in turn results in faster oxygen evolution kinetics and lower surface and bulk recombination effects. Thus, fabricating hematite thin films by fast and cost-efficient metallic iron deposition using DC magnetron sputtering is shown to be a valid and industrially relevant route for hematite photoanode fabrication.

Namita Shrestha, Govinda Chilkoor, S. Dhiman et al.

Abstract “Extremes” include the physical (pressure, radiation, and temperature) and geochemical limits (desiccation, oxygen levels, pH, salinity, and redox potential) that challenge the physical and metabolic functions of typical life. Extremophiles survive and thrive in the harsh conditions. Recent studies demonstrate the existence of industrially relevant extremophiles in remote geographical locations, including harsh environments in hot springs and deeper biospheres. They can be isolated and used in a range of environmental biotechnology applications including microbial electrochemical systems (MESs). This chapter focuses on the following aspects in the MESs: (1) an overview of the extremophiles, (2) the survival strategies and electron transfer mechanism, (3) the potential applications of extremophiles, and (4) the potential engineering challenges (material degradation challenges).