Hasil untuk "Indo-Iranian languages and literature"

Olivier Idir

An $ω$-regular language is Eve-positional if, in all games with this language as objective, the existential player can play optimally without keeping any information from the previous moves. This notion plays a crucial role in verification, automata theory and synthesis. Casares and Ohlmann recently gave several characterizations of Eve-positionallity of $ω$-regular languages. For this, they introduce the notion $\varepsilon$-complete parity automaton and show (among other results) that an $ω$-regular language is Eve-positional if and only if it can be recognized by some $\varepsilon$-completion of a deterministic parity automaton. Colcombet and Idir extended on their work, and obtained a more direct semantic characterization of Eve-positionality. We introduce a new formalism that characterizes the Eve-positional languages, consisting in a restriction of non-deterministic Büchi automata. This allows us to complete a missing implication in Casares and Ohlmann's work. We then use this formalism to describe a determinization procedure for non-deterministic Büchi automaton recognizing such languages, with size blow-up at most factorial. We also show that this construction is, in a suitable sense, optimal.

Ashton Wiersdorf, Ben Greenman

We built Chorex, a language that brings choreographic programming to Elixir as a path toward robust distributed applications. Chorex is unique among choreographic languages because it tolerates failure among actors: when an actor crashes, Chorex spawns a new process, restores state using a checkpoint, and updates the network configuration for all actors. Chorex also proves that full-featured choreographies can be implemented via metaprogramming, and that doing so achieves tight integration with the host language. For example, mismatches between choreography requirements and an actor implementation are reported statically and in terms of source code rather than macro-expanded code. This paper illustrates Chorex on several examples, ranging from a higher-order bookseller to a secure remote password protocol, details its implementation, and measures the overhead of checkpointing. We conjecture that Chorex's projection strategy, which outputs sets of stateless functions, is a viable approach for other languages to support restartable actors.

Aleksandr Fedchin, Antero Mejr, Hari Sundar et al.

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is widely used in parallel, high-performance programming, yet writing bug-free software that uses MPI remains difficult. We introduce DafnyMPI, a novel, scalable approach to formally verifying MPI software. DafnyMPI allows proving deadlock freedom, termination, and functional equivalence with simpler sequential implementations. In contrast to existing specialized frameworks, DafnyMPI avoids custom concurrency logics and instead relies on Dafny, a verification-ready programming language used for sequential programs, extending it with concurrent reasoning abilities. DafnyMPI is implemented as a library that enables safe MPI programming by requiring users to specify the communication topology upfront and to verify that calls to communication primitives such as MPI_ISEND and MPI_WAIT meet their preconditions. We formalize DafnyMPI using a core calculus and prove that the preconditions suffice to guarantee deadlock freedom. Functional equivalence is proved via rely-guarantee reasoning over message payloads and a system that guarantees safe use of read and write buffers. Termination and the absence of runtime errors are proved using standard Dafny techniques. To further demonstrate the applicability of DafnyMPI, we verify numerical solutions to three canonical partial differential equations. We believe DafnyMPI demonstrates how to make formal verification viable for a broader class of programs and provides proof engineers with additional tools for software verification of parallel and concurrent systems.

Anjali C, Vishakha Kawathekar

This paper entails an investigation of the reciprocal relationship between the agrarian landscape and the cultic practice of teyyam prevailing in the cultural region of Kolattunāṭu. Focusing on the agrarian history, production pattern and the resultant social formations, it attempts an analytical reading of the socio-historical realities of teyyam in Kolattunāṭu. The characteristic features of teyyam performance and its consistent co-existence with the associated landscape have resulted in distinctive cultural and social formations in the region. The current research argues on the interdependencies of teyyam and its agrarian landscape and analyzes the multitude of ways in which liturgies of teyyam communicate exemplars of ecological and social sustainability. The aspects of sustainability intrinsic to the folk ritual are explored through three facets discussed in the paper. At the onset, the role of teyyam in shaping its sacred realm thereby simultaneously getting shaped by the singularities of geography is discussed. Second is an inquiry into the temporal and spatial dimensions of teyyam performance to establish the reciprocal relationship between teyyam and its ritualistic landscape. The third facet of the inquiry analyses the case of a folk performance through the spatial lens to decipher the layers of interdependencies within its sacred realm. 

زهرا جلیلیان, محمدنبی احمدی, جهانگیر امیری et al.

ادبیات داستانی سرشار از نشانه‌های غیرکلامی از جمله علائم زبان بدن است. بررسی داستان‌ها از منظر ارتباطات غیرکلامی به‌ویژه زبان بدن که زنجیره‌ای از نشانه‌های گسترده است و پیام‌های متنوعی با توجه به بافت ارتباطی دریافت می‌شود، می‌تواند به خوانشی تازه از متن منجر شود. أزهر جرجیس عراقی در رمان «النوم فی حَقل الکرز» از علائم زبان بدن از جمله زبان چشم، دست، سر، لامسه، اندام و ظاهر فیزیکی بهره برده است. این پژوهش درصدد است با استفاده از روش توصیفی، تحلیلی با تکیه بر رویکرد نشانه‌شناسی به واکاوی نقش و جایگاه زبان بدن و کارکرد آنها در این رمان بپردازد.یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد جرجیس پیام‌هایی چون؛ تعجّب و حیرت، اضطراب، خشم و غضب، فراموشی، ترس و... به واسطة زبان بدن به مخاطب انتقال می‌دهد که پرده‌برداری از آنها در کشف پیام نهفته در متن سهم بسزایی دارد. از میان رفتارهای غیرزبانی در رمان ذکر شده، زبان چشم با (32 درصد) در جریان انتقال پیام بیشترین نقش و زبان ظاهر فیزیکی (موی صورت) با (2 درصد) کمترین نقش را دارد و زبان بدن در این رمان بیشتر، جایگزین و جانشین ارتباط کلامی شده است اما در مواردی نیز برای تکمیل کردن پیام کلامی یا پیام‌های کلامی را مورد تأکید بیشتر قرار داده است. بکارگیری زبان بدن در این رمان موجب افزایش ظرفیت نمایشی داستان شده است.

محمدحسن جلالیان

در سه داستان از شاهنامۀ فردوسی از سرزمینی در نواحی شمال شرقی ایران در حدود ماوراءالنهر یاد شده، که نام آن در دست‌نویسهای موجود به صورت‌های گوناگونی ضبط شده است و مصححان شاهنامه و پژوهندگان جغرافیای آن در انتخاب از بین این صورت‌ها با یکدیگر اتفاق نظر ندارند. از بین رفتن صورت اصلی نام این سرزمین و ثبت مغشوش و نادقیق آن در متون پهلوی و وجود صورتهای متشابه آن در سرزمینهای شرقی و شمال شرقی ایران در منابع تاریخی و جغرافیایی پس از اسلام و نیز برداشت‌های نادرست و متناقض از گسترۀ جغرافیایی این ناحیه، علّت‌های اصلی گزینش‌های متفاوت مصحّحان شاهنامه گردیده‌اند. برخی از صورتهای منتخب یا پیشنهادی برای نام این سرزمین کورشان، کوشان، کروشان، کهستان، کورستان و کوی‌ساران‌اند. در این نوشتار با دقّت در جزئیّات داستان‌هایی که نام این سرزمین در آنها به کار رفته و نیز بهره‌گیری از آثار ایرانی باستان و متون فارسی میانه، خوانشی متفاوت از قرائت‌هایی که پیشتر مطرح شده‌اند و از پشتوانۀ برخی از دستنویس‌ها نیز برخوردار است، به شکل گَوِستان ارائه خواهد شد.

Shunya Oguchi, Shoji Yuen

We present a reversible intermediate language with concurrency for translating a high-level concurrent programming language to another lower-level concurrent programming language, keeping reversibility. Intermediate languages are commonly used in compiling a source program to an object code program closer to the machine code, where an intermediate language enables behavioral analysis and optimization to be decomposed in steps. We propose CRIL (Concurrent Reversible Intermediate Language) as an extension of RIL used by Mogensen for a functional reversible language, incorporating a multi-thread process invocation and the synchronization primitives based on the P-V operations. We show that the operational semantics of CRIL enjoy the properties of reversibility, including the causal safety and causal liveness proposed by Lanese et al., checking the axiomatic properties. The operational semantics is defined by composing the bidirectional control flow with the dependency information on updating the memory, called annotation DAG. We show a simple example of `airline ticketing' to illustrate how CRIL preserves the causality for reversibility in imperative programs with concurrency.

Michael Kirkedal Thomsen

This PhD dissertation investigates garbage-free reversible computing systems from abstract design to physical gate-level implementation. Designed in reversible logic, we propose a ripple-block carry adder and work towards a reversible circuit for general multiplication. At a higher-level, abstract designs are proposed for reversible systems, such as a small von Neumann architecture that can execute programs written in a simple reversible two-address instruction set, a novel reversible arithmetic logic unit, and a linear cosine transform. To aid the design of reversible logic circuits we have designed two reversible functional hardware description languages: a linear-typed higher-level language and a gate-level point-free combinator language. We suggest a garbage-free design flow, where circuits are described in the higher-level language and then translated to the combinator language, from which methods to place-and-route of CMOS gates can be applied. We have also made standard cell layouts of the reversible gates in complementary pass-gate CMOS logic and used these to fabricate the ALU design. In total, this dissertation has shown that it is possible to design non-trivial reversible computing systems without garbage and that support from languages (computer aided design) can make this process easier.

فاطمه ساعدی, زهرا حسین آبادی

شوهاز مجموعه‌ای از یادداشت‌های عبدالسلام بزرگ‌زاده، فعال فرهنگی استان سیستان و بلوچستان، است. این کتاب با هدف معرفی هنرها و آداب مردمان این منطقه و بررسی محدودیت‌های پیرامون توسعۀ این استان نگارش شده است. پراکندگی جمعیتی‌ بلوچ،‌ به‌عنوان قومی اصیل در ایران، بیش‌تر در بخش جنوبی استان است. مردمان این مناطق در زمینه‌هایی اعم از پوشش، موسیقی، جشن‌ها، زبان، و آداب‌ورسوم شاخصه‌های فرهنگی منحصربه‌فردی دارند. تاکنون در زمینۀ ثبت مباحث مرتبط با فرهنگ و هنر بلوچستان ضعیف عمل شده است. کتاب شوهاز از کتاب‌هایی است که سعی در معرفی و ثبت فرهنگ و هنر این منطقه داشته است. هدف از این پژوهش نقد صوری و واکاوی محتوای این کتاب به‌روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی ضمن معرفی اجمالی آن است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که این کتاب در ارائۀ اطلاعاتی درمورد هنر و ادبیات بلوچی موفق بوده است. عدم انسجام منطقی بین یادداشت‌ها، جامعۀ هدف نامشخص، رعایت‌نکردن اصول نگارشی، استفاده از مطالب دیگران بدون ارجاع‌دهی، و ایرادات محتوایی از نقاط ضعف کتاب محسوب می‌شوند. درعین‌حال، دغدغه‌های فرهنگی نویسنده و تلاش او در معرفی بلوچستان قابل‌تقدیر است.

Karim Esgandari, Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi, Elmira Shakeri et al.

Due to the need to establish strong links between industry and academia to use scientific theories in industry, the use of case study in the management of organizational behavior is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the book Case Studies of Organizational Behavior Management. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form and content study of the work. In general, in terms of the form of the work, the form quality of the work is good, despite these formal weaknesses of the work are: not using a specific symbol of management behavior in the design on the cover of the book, not using tables, charts and the bug is inside the text. In terms of content, the use of case study method in managing organizational behavior is one of the strengths of the effect. However, the work suffers from lack of logical order and content coherence, content inaccuracy, and content defects. In general, the analysis of the content of scientific and academic books can provide their possible strengths and weaknesses for the possible modification and change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of academic books.

Seyyed Reza Hoseini, Mostafa Rezaee, Amir Etemadi Bozorg

Vanessa Martin is an English-speaking scholar of contemporary Iranian history who attempts to examine the Constitutional Revolution from an external perspective and its socio-political developments in her book. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the book analytically-critically in terms of form, method, theory and content. Vanessa Martin's focus in this book is to identify political currents and socio-economic and local developments outside of Tehran that have had a direct impact on the Constitutional Revolution and its aftermath. A review of the book shows that the author has tried to define local constitutionalism in relation to national identity. The findings show that from the author's point of view, in terms of the traditional context of Iranian society and the clergy, the constitutional revolution is considered a historical and religious issue, but intellectuals consider it a mythical and modern issue. Vanessa Martin's innovation in this book is to identify the role of local forces, especially in the regions of Azerbaijan, Bushehr, Fars and Isfahan in the Constitutional Revolution, but in the type of classification of political currents and their definition of the constitutional revolution, there are problems that need to be corrected in later versions.

Rizwana Saeed

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: &quot;Jameel Noori Nastaleeq&quot;; mso-bidi-language: ER;">This short article gives you a brief overview on women's role in literature, especially in Nobel literature. Although social attitudes and gender discrimination gave women little chance to flourish, and women's literature was mentioned too late in history, from Salma Lager's Leaf in 1909 to Elizabeth Gulak's in 2020 are part of the list of Nobel laureates. The fact that these 16 women received the Nobel Prize, although not a satisfactory numerical ratio, is a testament to the creativity and modern consciousness of these women. These women's writings are an expression of their society, their commitment and personal feelings, as well as a reflection of social turmoil, political stagnation and a gender monopoly on creativity. Life's rich experience and understanding have made these writings alive and will continue to be regarded as a historical document in the times to come. There is a need to consider the universality of women's literature instead of placing it in the box of women's literature and looking at it in a limited perspective, and to explore the meaning of these writings on a wider scale so that the direction of literature. With the addition of the feminine experience and narrative of perspective, the woman's rhetoric with her present and this angle of identity could grow in the right direction<span lang="ER">.</span></span></p>

شهرام احمدی, کوثر ولی پور

ساحت‌های وجودی انسان نمایان‌گر اندیشه و رفتاری از اوست که ریشه در علوم گوناگون دارند. کنش‌ها و رفتارهایی که از این ساحت‌ها در انسان نمود می­یابد، براساس نوع تقسیم‌بندی مشمول ویژگی‌هایی مخصوص به­خود است؛ بنابراین روشی مناسب برای شناخت ابعاد مختلف انسان به­شمار می‌آید. زندگی شمس تبریزی همواره در هاله‌ای از ابهام بوده و از این­رو پیوسته مخاطب را برای آگاهی از ابعاد مختلف رفتاری خود تشویق و ترغیب کرده ­است. نوشتار پیش­رو که به­روش تحلیل و تبیین محتوا و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای تنظیم شده، می­کوشد با الگوبرداری از طبقه‌بندی شفیعی کدکنی در تبیین ساحات وجودی انسان به سه دستۀ روشن، خاکستری و تیره شخصیت شمس­تبریزی را با توجه به مقالات او تحلیل و هریک از ساحت‌‌های وجودی شخصیت او را با رویکردی روان­شناسانه تبیین نماید. نتایج این جستار نشان می­دهد که شمس­ دارای ویژگی‌های بسیار پسندیده، دیدگاه‌هایی انتقادی و نیز خصوصیات ناپسند است، امّا به­سبب برخورداری از جمال زیبای درونی در اذهان مخاطبان خود خوش می‌نشیند و هر خواننده با تفکر در مقالات شمس در‌می‌یابد که او در اغلبِ سخنان خود در پی یافتن مظاهر خوبی‌هاست. عشق به پروردگار و یاری­جستن از او، مهر و مهرورزی از جمله خصیصه‌هایی ا­ست که در ساحت روشن او همواره موجب جاودانگی و درخشش است. در ساحت خاکستریِ شمس، با عارفی روبه‌رو هستیم که بسیاری از عرفای نامدار ادبیات فارسی را با برچسب عدم متابعت از پیامبر مورد نقد و نکوهش قرار می‌دهد. ساحت سیاه وجودیِ شمس شامل تندخویی‌ها، پرخاشگری‌ها، توهین‌ها و تحقیرهایی است که بر زبان می‌راند.

Abbas Panahi

Given that the book The History of Iranian Studies in Russia is one of the most recent works in the field of Iranian studies in Russia, the author was expected to critique the achievements of Russian Iranologists with an analytical approach; especially for the fact that, during the communist era, the Russians attached special importance to Iranian studies in line with the plans and policies of the ruling Soviet party. Because in the Soviet period, Iranian studies were based on the course of historical one-line theory and the proof of historical determinism. These works had a great impact on the intellectual, political, and social atmosphere of Iran in recent decades. As a result, the critique of the Russians' record in this field could have opened new perspectives in the field of Iranian studies (Iranology), while the book under review provides a brief and hasty record of the trend of Iranology in the three-hundred-year history of this science in Russia. One of the most important reasons for the dispersion of the book’s contents was to choose a general title for the present study. So, the indicators studied by the author cover a wide range of topics and contents in the field of Iranian studies in Russia. The indicators studied in the present book should be included in the scope of encyclopedia research. The present article tries to critique and analyze the topics and indicators of the present book by the method of content analysis and scientific critique.

Ejaz Ahmad

The purpose of imagery in poetry is to send the message of poet in<br />a strong, vivid and in a very visual voice. The poet uses words to<br />create images in our mind that helps to interpret poem in a way he<br />sees it. He uses similes, metaphors and personifications to create<br />mental picture through words that gives a strong message to<br />understand the poet's message. To indicate the points which seem<br />the most vivid and important to reader, the writer allows the<br />reader to flesh out their sketch into a portrait. In other words, you<br />can think of imagery as painting with words in order to fuel the<br />reader's imagination. Majeed Amjad mellowed as a poet in the late<br />34s. He is a painter, like Ustad Allah Bakhsh, involved in aesthetic<br />and classical landscape in his poetry. This involvement is not static<br />or superficial. This article reflects a brief introduction of imagery<br />and Majeed Amjad's art of using images in his poetry5

Mohammad Sadegh Basiri, Najme Hosseini Sarvari, Nazanin Rostamizadeh

Language has referential and emotional functions. It is the peak of the emotional use of language in poetry, especially the sonnet form. Emotion, imagination, language, rhythm, and form are the basics of poetry that make a work in a poetic form. In this study, the rhetorical elements of the Maktab-e-Voqu (School of Realism) are stylistically investigated. The studies conducted so far on the Maktab-e-Voqu have examined the theme, novelty, and expression and characteristics of the poetry of this school based on the poems of one or two poets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of poetry in the Maktab-e-Voqu, relying on the poems of famous people of this school. This research has been done using the descriptive-analytical method and through library studies. The richest poetic component of the poets of this school is ‘emotion’ and the poet's creativity is dedicated to the emotional dimension. As far as imaginary points are concerned, since the poets are looking for few words but rich in meanings, they use sarcasm a lot as well. Allegories and metaphors are simple and commonplace, and figures of speech are used frequently in their poetry. Also, the language of poetry is simple and colloquial. In music, the prosodic weights are chosen according to the poet's message and most sonnets are ‘Moradaf’ (melodious). Additionally, the poet enjoys verbal music more than spiritual music. In the form dimension, the poems have a coherent, continuous, and harmonious form that has led to a single tone. IntroductionStylistics is one of the literary elements through which different layers of a work can be examined. The characteristics of the poetic style are different. In different eras, certain stylistic highlights could be observed indicating that poetry has undergone diversity and innovations over time due to social changes and innovations in light of poets' creations. This newness distinguishes styles from each other.Humankind uses two languages to speak, sometimes with the language of emotion and sometimes with the language of reason and logic. The emotional use of language is poetry, in which we find the sonnet at its peak. In the creation of poetry, emotion, imagination, language, song, and form play an important role and contribute to the beauty of the appearance and interior of the word.Given that the school of realism is the interface between the Iraqi and Indian styles, the aesthetic aspects of poetry in addition to the correct introduction of poetry and determining the frequency of the five elements (affection, imagination, language, music, and form) shows that the school is influenced by the Iraqi style. Materials and MethodsThe method of this research is library studies and taking notes from sources related to the research topic and determining the statistical frequency and analyzing the quality of poetic elements. This research is inductive in the way that 100 sonnets have been selected (20 from each poet) and by examining their quantity and quality regarding the five elements of poetry in the school of realism, we have reached a general conclusion. ConclusionBased on this research, the following can be concluded about the frequency and quality of each of the poetic factors in the school of realism: Affection: The fundamental element in the formation of lyric poetry is emotion. The poetic self of poets is a personal self because the poet acts according to his mood and talks about his personal emotions. Sadness, the sweetness of the beloved, and the need of the lover, persecution of the beloved and fidelity of the lover, praise of the outer beauties of the beloved, parting, unkind of the beloved, regret and remorse and description of the wine, and wine drinking are the most frequent concepts and themes of this school that lead to the inner beauty of words and poets use them to induce their thoughts and feelings. In general, emotion is the dominant and rich element of poetry and the creation of poetry in this school is due to emotion. If there is no emotion, poetry and events become incomplete. Imagination: Poets are familiar with rhetorical science in the field of imagination and have used metaphor, analogy, and irony. But these are vulgar and the mind is not forced to search for these elements. In the research, 52 metaphors of detailed or complete messenger, 155 similes of strenuous, 4 similes of concise messenger, 30 similes of implication, 10 similes of detail, 1 simile of inverse detail, and 1 inverse or heartfelt simile were found, of which 113 similes are sensory to sensory, 61 similes are sensory to rational, 24 similes are rational to rational, and 30 similes are rational to sensory. In the study of metaphors, 179 approved authorized ones, 62 Meccan metaphors, and 1 Tahkmiyeh metaphor were obtained, which shows that the approved type of metaphors has the highest frequency. The authorized literary industry has the least use with 48 cases, and therefore it can be said that the virtual axis of the words of prominent poets is not significant. In general, the above elements have contributed greatly to the inner richness of lyrics. Language: The language of the selected poets of this research is fluent, smooth, and clear. Analyzing the poetic evidence, it was found that the words used are often familiar, tangible, and objective, and poets try to inspire their feelings and inner state by accompanying these words. The uniformity of the words along with their accessibility and attractiveness has caused the coherence of the text to be maintained. As the poems are lacking in terms of technique and linguistic techniques, they have become short-sighted. Music: Examination of the external music of the studied poems shows that the poets have used the prosody of Raml, resentment, present, uprooted, Mildif (light), jerk, and convergent types in 51, 4, 24, 8, 2, 10, and 1 cases, respectively. In the side music, the poets have used grammatical, lexical, continuous, discrete, side, and manifest rows in 5, 74, 2, 76, 78, and 78 cases, respectively.In the discussion of poetry rhyme, 573 letters are the main rhyme letters and 184 are adverbs. Also, 454 literary industries were obtained from the exploration of the domestic music section, which are: 77 parallel rhymes, 77 dichotomous rhymes, 30 balanced rhymes, 2 line puns, 5 incomplete puns, 23 different or more punctuation marks, 17 middle puns, 80 minor puns, 23 total puns, 28 derivation puns, 1 suffix, 17 verbal or all letters, 14 consonants, 34 repetitions of words, and 5 suffixes to impotence. Thus, 707 literary industries were found from the section of spiritual music, which are: 37 exaggerations, 9 additions, 23 subtractions, 7 additions with divisions, 81 observances, 209 proportionalities, 120 contradictions, 19 spiritual paradoxes, 43 allusions, 11 guarantees, 38 ambiguity, 15 confusion of proportion, 14 ambiguities, 27 recruitments, 12 regular occurrences, 2 confusing occurrences, 25 sensitivities, 6 word explanations, and 3 theological religion.In general, the song in the poems of the school of realism has been created through the method of transliteration, transcendence, repetition, simile, proportionality, ambiguity, word order, and reasoning, among which assonance parallel and reciprocal prostration, punctuation, word repetition, and observance of proportion and proportionality have the highest rank. Form: Examining the shape and form of the selected poets, in the external form, the poets have used forms such as ghazal, preference stanza, composition stanza, scalded, piece, quatrain, etc. However, ghazals are the peak of Persian poetry and are superior to other forms of poetry in terms of the transmission of the poet's emotions to others. There are situations in which the unity of sense, syntactic parallelism, and grammatical sound are manifested.

Maria Puri

The Indian State has a long history of military interventions at numerous, mostly peripheral locations. Most of the interventions are protracted and may be viewed as virtual civil wars, each side producing and legitimizing its own version of events. This paper will focus on the fallout of the Punjab insurgency (1970–1995), and its decisive point, the Indian army intervention codenamed Operation Bluestar (June 1984), as narrated by a former militant, Sandip Kaur. Her Punjabi book, Bikhṛā Pai͂dā (“Difficult Journey”) (2008), written by somebody who is not a writer, represents a sub-category which “inhabits (…) margins of literary and autobiographical writing” (Butalia 2017: 20). Hence, it offers a unique glimpse into the process of identity construction, both at the personal and the communal level, enacted against the larger backdrop of national games played out on the regional scene and informed by Sikh ‘metacommentary’ (Oberoi 1987: 27).

Stefan Hoffmann

We introduce a subclass of the commutative regular languages that is characterized by the property that the state set of the minimal deterministic automaton can be written as a certain Cartesian product. This class behaves much better with respect to the state complexity of the shuffle, for which we find the bound~$2nm$ if the input languages have state complexities $n$ and $m$, and the upward and downward closure and interior operations, for which we find the bound~$n$. In general, only the bounds $(2nm)^{|Σ|}$ and $n^{|Σ|}$ are known for these operations in the commutative case. We prove different characterizations of this class and present results to construct languages from this class. Lastly, in a slightly more general setting of partial commutativity, we introduce other, related, language classes and investigate the relations between them.

Parvin Ghasemi

The book of Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples was written in anti-colonial texts with orientations toward anthropology, research, and science. From anthropology to science and research was blamed by the writer because of using them by the colonial system. The author claims that science, research, and anthropology have contributed to colonization. Pieces of evidence of inhumane research by British colonists in New Zealand on the Maori are presented in the book. This book shows that, in the face of numerous struggles that the Maori tribes have made with the colonists, today, the meaning and application of “research” have become different from the past, and they welcomed “research” with open arms. According to the evidence, the main culprit is not “research” but the economic and political ambitions of the colonial countries that overshadow the name of research and anthropology. The Maoris always in particular and the Polynesians generally are introduced and identified from the perspective of foreign anthropologists, But in this book, she is a Maori woman who writes and records and expresses her opinion and analysis of the past and anthropology.  In this book, is not to be seen anti-colonialist view of the West or colonialism in the light of their understanding of the Maori. This issue is less addressed in anti-colonial works. Writing about the Maori themselves and their wounds will help to improve the situation, but it does not require us to understand the West and colonize from a careful perspective and pay attention to the subjective layers.

Samuel Sepúlveda, Jaime Díaz, Marcelo Esperguel

Context: The importance of feature modeling languages for software product lines and the planning stage for a systematic literature review. Objective: A protocol for carrying out a systematic literature review about the evidence for identifying and classifying the errors in feature modeling languages. Method: The definition of a protocol to conduct a systematic literature review according to the guidelines of B. Kitchenham. Results: A validated protocol to conduct a systematic literature review. Conclusions: A proposal for the protocol definition of a systematic literature review about the identification and classification of errors in feature modeling was built. Initial results show that the effects and results for solving these errors should be carried out.