Hasil untuk "Homeopathy"

Jaggi A, Jaggi L, Batra M et al.

Atul Jaggi,1 Latika Jaggi,1 Mallika Batra,2 Seema Mahesh,3,4 George Vithoulkas4,5 1Clinical Research Division, H3 Centre of Classical Homeopathy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India; 2Research Division, Blessed Cure – Healing with Homeopathy, Gurugram, Haryana, India; 3Research Department, Centre for Classical Homeopathy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; 4Scientific Research Department, International Academy of Classical Homeopathy, Alonissos, Greece; 5Homeopathy Department, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, GreeceCorrespondence: Seema Mahesh, Centre for Classical Homeopathy, No. 10, 6th Cross, Opp HP Petrol Bunk, Chandra Layout, Vijayanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560040, India, Tel +91 9449084747, Email bhatseema@hotmail.comPurpose: This case study investigates the relevance of the continuum theory of diseases in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim is to illustrate a real-world observation that aligns with the theory’s premise regarding the therapeutic role of acute illness in chronic conditions.Methodology/Approach: It details a case of mild to moderate ASD in a child aged 2 years and 9 months with a long-term follow-up. The patient received individualized classical homeopathic treatment (where selection of a remedy is based on the patient’s individualized symptom profile and totality of characteristic symptoms), and progress was evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist (CDDC).Results: The patient showed significant improvement in all developmental domains. The interesting observation was that the improvement in the clinical features in this case of ASD was apparent after the onset of previously absent common acute infections with fever.Conclusion: The observed phenomenon corresponds with the continuum theory of diseases. This suggests that a transition in the immune system profile from chronic to acute inflammation may correlate with improved outcomes for individuals with ASD. Further scientific studies are required to determine the connection between chronic and acute inflammation to preserve the immune system’s efficiency and promote therapies that do not inadvertently perpetuate chronic inflammation.Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, homeopathy, inflammation, fever, neurodevelopmental disorders

Archana S. Bhat, Don Gregory Mascarenhas, Srishankar Bairy et al.

Bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare malignant tumor. The clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopic features are nonspecific. We report this case to highlight the overlapping immunohistochemical findings and the challenges of diagnosing this rare tumor on biopsy. The immunohistochemical features may overlap with that of squamous cell carcinoma. We present the case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with cough and fever. Radiological evaluation showed consolidation. Bronchoscopy showed a mass which on biopsy showed bland looking cells mimicking carcinoid. The immunohistochemical evaluation showed positivity for p40 and cytokeratin 5/6 which was misleading. A final diagnosis of MEC was made which explained the immunohistochemical findings. The diagnosis of bronchial MEC on biopsy may be challenging due to the other close differentials and its rarity. The awareness of its histopathological and immunohistochemical features along with a high index of suspicion will help in arriving at a correct diagnosis on biopsy. The pathologist and the clinician should be aware of this entity.

Yvonne Fok, Robbert van Haselen, Aaron To et al.

Background: The Clificol® COVID-19 Support Project is an innovative international data collection project aimed at tackling some of the core questions in homeopathy, including the aspect of treatment individualization. This article further analyzes the symptoms used and remedies prescribed. Methods: We conducted an international clinical case registry study (ClifiCol) of patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. In China, the symptoms were collected with the aid of a questionnaire, whereas, in all the other countries, participating homeopaths could freely record the symptoms that informed the remedy prescription. The symptom rubrics and remedies used in non-Chinese countries were further analyzed. Results: The database consisting of 1227 cases, as collected between January 10, 2020, and October 31, 2021, was used as a basis for the analyses. It included 868 cases (1354 prescriptions) from 29 non-Chinese countries. We observed an unexpectedly high level of variability. This was expressed, among others, by the very large number of repertory rubrics used in general. In total, 1190 of the 1403 rubrics (85%) were used less than five times. A higher proportion of uncommon rubrics was not associated with faster recovery from COVID-19. In total, 137 homeopathic remedies were used; the three most frequently used ones (Bryonia alba, Phosphorus, and Arsenicum album) were used in 42% of all prescription episodes. The 88 least commonly used remedies (out of a total of 137) accounted for only 9% of all prescription episodes. Conclusions: A small subset of the most commonly used symptom rubrics and remedies covered the great majority of prescriptions. Focusing on the most common symptoms and remedies for the statistical validation of homeopathy is justified and will greatly enhance the ability of clinical case registry projects to contribute to improving homeopathic practice.

Priya Gupta

There is a global rise of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Risk factors of NCDs commonly include drinking alcohol, smoking, eating unhealthy diet, and sedentary lifestyle. The current health-care system faces challenges dealing with them. In order to deal with this pandemic, the strengthening of primary health centers (PHCs) at community level is required, which supports the principles of promotion, prevention, and treatment of NCDs. Yoga is an ancient practice encompassing physical, mental, social, and spiritual techniques to obtain health. Numerous studies have proven the potential benefits of Yoga in reducing chronic physical and mental health issues, making it a cost-effective method to enhance overall well-being and reduce health-care costs. This review paper aims to explore the profound impact of integrating yoga in PHCs, focusing on its benefits in enhancing patient outcomes, supporting overall health and wellness. The study searched PubMed and Google for scholarly articles on yoga in primary care, public health care, promotion of health, rehabilitation care, cancer, wellness, prevention, health care, etc. By examining the role of yoga in PHCs, this paper seeks to provide insights into the potential of yoga as a complementary approach to conventional treatments. The paper concludes that the burden of NCDs can be addressed by increasing human resources and promoting preventive health care through Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy personnel. Integrating yoga in PHCs will raise awareness about lifestyle management and ultimately reduce the prevalence of diseases.

Govindaraj Suganthi, Vijayakumar Praveen, Vajiravelu Suganthi et al.

Background: Studies have reported that hypomagnesemia could play an essential role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and altered insulin function, particularly among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To assess the incidence of hypomagnesemia among patients with T2DM and compare them with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: One hundred types 2 diabetic patients admitted to the general medicine outpatient Department at Government Erode Medical College Hospital, Perundurai, were recruited. Biochemical parameters and serum magnesium were assessed at admission and compared with the 100 healthy controls without T2DM. Results: Cases and controls had mean ages of 50.39 ± 9.76 and 50.01 ± 10.15 years, respectively. The age range of 41–50 had the highest percentage of patients (42%). The gender distribution was the same for both cases and controls, with 70% of men and 30% of women. Between cases and controls, the mean fasting blood sugar levels were 102.42 ± 11.16 mg/dl and 91.93 ± 4.32 mg/dl, respectively. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is a common problem in adults with T2DM, and we did find a significant association between Mg levels and T2DM in Erode district, Tamil Nadu.

Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Barr KL

Erin M Millsapps, Emma C Underwood, Kelli L Barr Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USACorrespondence: Kelli L Barr, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd. Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA, Tel +1 813 974 4480, Fax +1 813 974 4962, Email barrk@usf.eduAbstract: The development and application of treatment for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) remains complicated as there is no current standard treatment and many barriers to research exist. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes serious global health implications due to its socioeconomic impact and high morbidity rates. In research, treatment through natural and pharmaceutical techniques is being evaluated for their efficacy and effectiveness. Natural treatment options, such as homeopathy and physiotherapy, give patients a variety of options for how to best manage acute and chronic symptoms. Some of the most used pharmaceutical therapies for CHIKV include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), methotrexate (MTX), chloroquine, and ribavirin. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for chikungunya, but vaccine development is crucial for this virus. Potential treatments need further research until they can become a standard part of treatment. The barriers to research for this complicated virus create challenges in the efficacy and equitability of its research. The rising need for increased research to fully understand chikungunya in order to develop more effective treatment options is vital in protecting endemic populations globally.Keywords: CHIKV, arthritis, treatment, natural, pharmaceutical

Leon Margolin, Jeremy Luchins, Daniel Margolin et al.

Deepti Chopra, Bharti Bhandari, Shridhar Dwivedi

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a severe impact globally. As of now, very little is available for the cure of this disease. The rapid increase in the number of confirmed cases makes prevention and control extremely important. In view of the success of traditional Indian medicine drugs during the several epidemics in the past, it is logical and essential to examine the contributions of the Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indian traditional medicines interventions are well known and have several potential drug candidates that can be used as an add-on therapy along with current modern drugs. Herbal medicines containing bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-viral, and immune-modulating properties like Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum sanctum, Allium sativum, Citrus limon can be explored as therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Health-promoting immunomodulators like Withaniasomnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Piper longum, Glycyrrhiza glabra may improve host defense and could be an effective prophylaxis approach against COVID-19. The present mini-review is aimed to survey and introduce important medicinal herbs and plants which can be used against Covid-19.

Courtney H. Guenther PhD, Rebecca L. Stephens PhD, Macy L. Ratliff MS et al.

Stress in young children can interfere with academic achievement. To help address stress and aid in developing beneficial lifelong coping skills, educational systems are more widely incorporating programs that teach social and emotional regulation, such as mindfulness-based programs. The effects of these programs may be strengthened through parental support in the home environment. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a new Parent-Child Mindfulness-Based Training (PC-MBT) program, which delivered mindfulness-based training to parents and children simultaneously in the home environment. This study also implemented a working memory training after PC-MBT to assess the feasibility of completing two trainings sequentially. Healthy children, ages 8-10 ( n = 14), and their parents participated in the PC-MBT program. They met with an instructor at home and online each week for 6 weeks and were provided resources including books, worksheets, audio recordings, and daily practices to reinforce mindfulness skills. A control group ( n = 8) participated in the working memory training only. All PC-MBT and control children, except one, participated in the working memory training. All PC-MBT assigned families completed the PC-MBT program, and a majority utilized all types of the mindfulness training materials. A majority of participants also reported high levels of enjoyment and understanding of the PC-MBT program. This study establishes the feasibility and acceptability of the PC-MBT program and lays the foundation for future studies to assess program efficacy in healthy and clinical populations as well as the utility of PC-MBT to improve engagement and outcomes of other cognitive training programs.

Kokou Atchou, Povi Lawson-Evi, Aboudoulatif Diallo et al.

Abstract Background Amaranthus spinosus is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases including diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to prove the safety of the plant in animal health. Methods The dry extract was obtained following the hydroethanolic extraction of A. spinosus roots. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro by incubating Artemia salina larvae with the extract for 24 h. In vivo toxicity was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw of extract was administered orally to female rats in acute toxicity and observed for 14 days for mortality and signs of toxicity. In subchronic toxicity, extract doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw were administered orally to male and female rats for 28 consecutive days and observed for previous signs. Body weight was recorded daily and blood glucose levels every week. On day 29, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Organs were then exised for gross autopsy and histopathological examination. Results The in vitro study showed that the extract had a LC50 = 1.178 mg/mL in larvae and was considered to be non-cytotoxic. Oral administration of extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw did not cause any mortality or sign of toxicity in gross necropsy. In subchronic oral toxicity, repeated doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw of extract, did not also cause any mortality or significant change in body weight, relative weight of vital organs. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological examination did not show any significant change. The observed decrease in blood glucose levels did not correlate with organ damage and supports the safety of the plant. However, the reduction of LDL-cholesterol has shown that the extract can prevent cardiovascular disease. Conclusions This finding demonstrated that A. spinosus root is non-toxic with a LD50 > 5000 mg/kg bw. Thus, the extract can be used for cutaneous and subchronic oral administration at doses ≤ 1000 mg/kg bw. However, further studies such as embryo/fetotoxicity, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity will be needed to prove the safety of chronic administration of the extract in patients and fetuses.

Natiely Silveira de Almeida, Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz, Claudia Pedron et al.

Abstract Background The aerial parts of Baccharis trimera (Less.) are frequently used as a tea to treat several diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the constituents of an aqueous extract of B. trimera, focusing on their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antinociception activities and properties. For that, the researchers performed in vivo assays using the formalin test and Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) to measure the acute and chronic inflammatory pain in mice. Moreover, the myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) was analyzed in the subcutaneous tissue after the FCA injection, together with the counting of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the mice. Results The qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids and saponins in the B. trimera aqueous extract. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed the presence of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as rutin, quercetin, and luteolin. The DPPH assay was used in order to measure the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of B. trimera and this showed an IC50 of 118.18 ± 1.02 μg/mg. The data from the formalin test demonstrated that a single dose of the aqueous extract of B. trimera was not able to decrease the nociceptive behavior during the neurogenic phase, at any of the tested doses (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg p.o.). However, during the inflammatory phase of this test, the aqueous extract of B. trimera at 80 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly decreased the nociceptive behavior, showing more effectiveness when compared to the other tested doses (p < 0.05). Importantly, in the chronic inflammatory model on the 5th day of treatment, the aqueous extract of B. trimera (80 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced mechanical allodynia (p < 0.01), heat thermal hyperalgesia (p < 0.001), and paw edema (p < 0.05). There were no changes in the MPO activity, but the data exhibited an equivalent decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood of the mice that were treated with B. trimera (80 mg.kg− 1 p.o.) and diclofenac sodium. Conclusion Taken together, the present data reinforces the potential of the B. trimera aqueous extract as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic compound.

Md. Adnan Karim, Md. Aminul Islam, Md. Muzahidul Islam et al.

Abstract Objectives In this present study, antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, cytotoxic and anti-bacterial activities derived from methanol extracts of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Heritiera littoralis were investigated in order to determine their medicinal activities. Materials and methods Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride methods were used to determine the mangroves’ total phenolics and total flavonoid content, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the following methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), 43 mM H2O2, Fe2+ quenching assay, and anti-hemolytic activity. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality assay was also carried out to determine the cytotoxic potential of the mangroves along with anti-bacterial activity test using five Gram-negative and another two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Results The mangroves yielded 58.917 ± 0.601 and 36.625 ± 0.551 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample and 76.417 ± 0.19 and 113.637 ± 0.17 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample in B. gymnorrhiza and H. littoralis, respectively. Methanol extracts of both mangroves exhibited high radical scavenging activity against DPPH, H2O2 and Fe2+ radicals. The reductive capacity of the extracts increased with increasing concentrations of samples, and the extracts inhibited H2O2 induced hemolysis in human red blood cells (RBCs). Antioxidant properties were found to be moderately weaker than that of the reference standard, L-ascorbic acid (AA), and Gallic acid (GA). Further, brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality assay revealed significant cytotoxicity (241.4 and 272.6 μg/mL, respectively). Methanol extracts could also inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial strains. Conclusion This study showed that the crude methanol extract of selected mangrove plants possesses free radical scavenging, anti-hemolytic, cytotoxic and anti-bacterial activity. The experimented plant has the potential to be used as a traditional medicine and replace synthetic drugs. Further studies are necessary to isolate active compounds responsible for the overall antioxidant activity of the crude extracts.

Umair Afzal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Faiza Ashfaq et al.

Abstract Background Flaxseed has emerged as a potential source of bioactive components that can be utilized in routine diet to address lifestyle disorders. Methods In this context, three studies were carried out on the basis of induction therapies i.e. Study I (Normal diet), Study II (Hyperglycemic diet; 40% sucrose) and Study III (Hypercholesterolemic diet; 1.5% cholesterol) using Sprague Dawley rats. Each study was further split into three groups based on diets; Control (free from flaxseed powder or extract), Functional diet (incorporation of flaxseed powder; 10%) and Nutraceutical diet (inclusion of ethanolic extract of flaxseed; 5%). During experimental period, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic parameters were evaluated alongside, alterations in hematological aspects were also assessed. Results Feed intake and body weight demonstrated significant response (p < 0.05) of diets and study intervals however, water intake was substantially influenced by study intervals. In study II (hyperglycemic rats), maximum decline in glucose level was recorded (9.02%) in rats administered with extract based diet. In the same group, maximum increase in insulin (5.90%) was noted. Regarding lipid profile, the bioevaluation trials revealed maximum reduction in serum cholesterol (13.10%) in study III (hypercholesterolemic rats) on the provision of flaxseed extract (nutraceutical diet) followed by flaxseed powder (functional diet) i.e. 7.85%. Further, maximum decrease in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) was reported i.e. 14.28% on supplementation of flaxseed extract to hypercholesterolemic rats. Conclusions Thus, flaxseed extract based intervention has shown higher bioefficacy to address hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in comparison to flaxseed powder.

M. Yakir, C. Klein-Laansma, S. Kreitler et al.

Abstract Background In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial with parallel groups, the efficacy of individually prescribed homeopathic medicines was evaluated in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods In an outpatient department of a university clinic in Jerusalem, Israel (1996–1999), women with PMS, aged 18 to 50 years, entered a 2-month screening phase with prospective daily recording of premenstrual symptoms by the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). They were included after being diagnosed with PMS. A reproducible treatment protocol was used: women received a homeopathic prescription based on symptom clusters identified in a questionnaire. The symptoms were verified during a complementary, structured, interview. Only women whose symptoms matched the symptom profile of one of 14 pre-selected homeopathic medicines were included. Each participant was administered active medicine or placebo via random allocation. Primary outcome measures were differences in changes in mean daily premenstrual symptom (PM) scores by the MDQ. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Results A total of 105 women were included: 49 were randomized to active medicine and 56 to placebo. Forty-three women in the active medicine group and 53 in the placebo group received the allocated intervention with at least one follow-up measurement and their data were analyzed. Significantly greater improvement of mean PM scores was measured in the active medicine group (0.443 [standard deviation, SD, 0.32] to 0.287 [SD, 0.20]) compared to placebo (0.426 [SD, 0.34] to 0.340 [SD, 0.39]); p = 0.043. Conclusions Individually prescribed homeopathic medicines were associated with significantly greater improvement of PM scores in women with PMS, compared to placebo. Replication, with larger sample size and other refinements, is recommended to confirm the efficacy of this treatment in other settings.

Aracelli de Sousa Leite, Muhammad Torequl Islam, Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz et al.

Abstract Background Cashew and its compounds have many important biological effects. This study is aimed at evaluating genotoxic and mutagenic effects of natural cashew nut shell liquid (nCNSL) and industrial cashew nut shell liquid (iCNSL) and a major component of iCNSL called Cardanol. Methods Test samples were undergone for comet assay and micronucleus tests in Swiss albino mice. Animals were orally treated with 17.37, 34.75 and 69.5 mg/kg of the test substances taking distilled water (10 mL/kg; DW) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) as negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, respectively. Results The results suggest that nCNSL at 34.7 and 69.5 mg/kg and Cardanol at all tested doses induced significant genotoxic effects to the female mouse bone marrow cells, while iCNSL did not. Both nCNSL and iCNSL as well as Cardanol did not show mutagenic and cytotoxic effects. All the test samples also showed DNA repair capacity at low dose. Conclusion Cashew nut shell liquids and Cardanol showed genotoxic effects at high dose, but DNA repair, non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic effects at low dose.

S N Prakrithi, Suhas Chandran, M Kishor et al.

Background: Sleep deprivation has a deleterious effect on recovery in postoperative patients as it can lead to potentially dangerous side effects. The stress of poor sleep along with surgical stress can lead to increased sympathetic activity, which causes increase in catabolic processes, wakefulness, postoperative fatigue, hemodynamic instability, and neurological dysfunction, all of which will adversely affect postoperative recovery of patients. Aims and Objectives: (i) To compare the quality of sleep in patients, pre and postsurgery. (ii) To identify factors causing postoperative sleep disturbance. (iii) To discuss management strategies for improving postoperative sleep quality in surgical patients. Materials and Methods: The study included sixty patients admitted in the general surgical ward, with participants selected by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess pre- and post-operative sleep quality and scores were compared to assess various components of sleep. Comparisons were also drawn with respect to difference in sleep according to age, sex, type of anesthesia administered, history of past use of sleep medications, and room type. Results and Conclusion: Our study showed poor postoperative sleep quality across all subgroups, i.e., age, sex, use of sleep medications, type of anesthesia administered, and room type. During the postoperative period, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep disturbance worsened along with reduced duration of sleep, without significant changes in the habitual sleep efficiency and day-time dysfunction. Sleep is an extremely important physiological requirement for recovery after surgical stress. By identifying which component of sleep is being affected more than others, targeted interventions can be designed by the way of pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to effectively combat sleep disturbance in surgical patients.

Dagninet Derebe B. Pharm, MSc, Muluken Wubetu B. Pharm, MSc

Failure of the efficacy of antimalarial drugs is recognized in different classes of medicines for treating malaria, which urges the need for new drugs. This study tried to check the in vivo antimalarial activity of the root extracts of Acanthus polystachyus Delile against Plasmodium berghei –infected mice. The study revealed that the methanolic crude extract of the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile showed significant ( P < .01) parasitemia suppressive activities in both models compared with the negative control. Parasitemia suppressive activities were 25.26%, 33.46%, and 51.48% in a 4-day suppressive test and 23.31%, 31.20%, and 43.54% in prophylaxis test at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, as compared to the negative control. Besides, the extract increases mean survival time significantly in all tested doses in a 4-day suppressive test, but in the prophylaxis model, only mice treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly lived longer. Based on this finding, the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile has strong antimalarial activity, which may be a good candidate for new antimalarial agents.

Marin Abraham MDS, Dominic Augustine MDS, Roopa S. Rao MDS et al.

Aim. This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the literature on the efficacy of naturally available extracts that inhibit cancer. Methods. A literature search was performed to strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology analysis. Approximately 3000 research articles were initially selected. Of these articles, 200 were included, and 2800 were excluded. On further scrutiny, 150 of the 200 studies were reviews, seminars, and presentations, and 50 were original study articles. Among these articles, 20 studies were selected for the systematic review. Results. The predominant molecular pathways followed by natural extracts were nuclear factor kappa B ligand, suppression of the protein kinase B-Akt/P13K pathway (an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating cell cycle), vascular endothelial growth factor downregulation, and tumor protein-P53 tumor suppressor upregulation. Conclusions. It is evident that natural extracts have the ability to inhibit cancer progression. Continued research in this field could facilitate the use of natural extracts with currently available anticancer agents.

Padma B Prabhu, Nellikka Parambil Amitha, Balan Reshma et al.

We describe a case of Valsalva retinopathy that occurred after near hanging. A 23-year-old female presented 5 days after destructive self-harm by attempted hanging, complaining of defective vision in the right eye which started immediately after she regained consciousness after resuscitation. The vision was counting fingers close to face. Fundus examination showed a large preretinal hemorrhage at the macular region. She failed to respond to conservative management and was successfully treated with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet hyaloidotomy. Hanging can cause Valsalva-like retinopathy.