Hasil untuk "Home economics"

André Mancha, Elisa Peres

Jin Zhao, Jin Zhao, Xiaolian Wen et al.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma patients experience nutritional vulnerability through disease-related factors, treatment toxicity, and systemic inflammation, yet comprehensive assessment integrating validated nutrition screening with health equity dimensions remains limited. This study characterized nutritional vulnerability prevalence, determinants, and supportive-care access barriers among Chinese multiple myeloma patients.MethodsThis single-center, cross-sectional observational study conducted at Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory, Taiyuan, China (January 2020–December 2024) employed comprehensive assessment including Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA-SF), Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), EORTC QLQ-C30/MY20 quality of life questionnaires, anthropometry, handgrip strength, biochemical markers, food insecurity screening and systematic barriers evaluation. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of composite nutritional vulnerability; principal component analysis explored multidimensional phenotype structure.ResultsAmong 286 patients completing assessment (mean age 59.8 ± 13.0 years; 52.4% male; 49.3% relapsed/refractory), 57.3% (95% CI: 51.6–62.9) had moderate-to-high nutritional risk, including 7.0% with critical vulnerability. Risk increased across treatment phases (50.7% newly diagnosed, 44.7% remission, 63.7% relapsed, 74.0% refractory; p-trend = 0.002), and composite nutritional vulnerability affected 61.2%. High symptom burden (ESAS ≥40) was dominant independent correlate (adjusted OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 3.08–10.05; p < 0.001), whereas disease stage and treatment intensity were not independently associated. Despite risk, 61.6% of affected patients had unmet nutritional support needs. Oral nutritional supplement use occurred in 45.1% overall, with only modest variation by risk status (42.6–50.0%; p = 0.035). Food insecurity affected 48.3% of patients, demonstrated a strong income gradient (p < 0.001), and remained independently associated with vulnerability (adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.39–3.24). Nutritional vulnerability was associated with large quality-of-life deficits in global health, physical, and role functioning (adjusted mean differences 35.9–40.5 points; all p < 0.001).ConclusionNutritional vulnerability in multiple myeloma is highly prevalent, symptom-driven, and inadequately addressed despite devastating quality of life impact, with food insecurity and systemic access barriers compounding clinical risk among socioeconomically vulnerable populations.

Willy Kiboi, Eric Ohuma, Ellen Bradley et al.

Fatemeh Rahmani, Ali Moayedi, Victor Dopazo et al.

Undesirable sensory properties are regarded as the main obstacle to developing soy-based products. This study aimed to apply lactic acid bacteria to improve soy cheese's sensory and nutritional aspects. Lactiplantibacillus pentosus was used to coagulate soy milk as an alternative to Glucono-delta-lactone (GDL). The changes in pH, viable cell count, aroma profile, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, and organic acids were determined during gel formation and cold storage. L. pentosus grew well in soy milk and caused coagulation within 6 h. The aroma analysis by gas chromatography with a single-quadrupole/mass spectrometer detector-headspace solid-phase microextraction (GC/MS-SPME) showed a reduction in green and beany flavor, while generating pleasant volatiles during fermentation and storage. Significant variation in Lactate, Acetate, and GABA was found among the samples and storage time. Fermentation with L. pentosus was found to be a promising approach to manufacture a novel soy cheese with a desirable aroma and nutritional potential.

Merve Nur Uçak, Gözde Arıtıcı Çolak

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by a disorder of nerve transmission at the neuromuscular junction. In this disease, antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors and their associated molecules, disrupting nerve transmission and impairing normal muscle contraction. Myasthenia gravis is diagnosed through physiological and neurological examinations, blood antibody tests, and electronic methods. Various approaches are used for symptom management, including immunosuppressive drugs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and thymectomy. Previous literature has focused primarily on symptoms and medical treatment. However, resources related to nutrition and Myasthenia gravis are limited. This study bridges this gap by examining the effects of different nutritional interventions on the disease and the importance of nutrition in the treatment process.

Sucheewin Krobthong, Yodying Yingchutrakul, Chartchai Chaichana et al.

Functional foods from edible mushrooms, like the protein-rich and low-calorie Phallus indusiatus (Bamboo mushroom), are promising for obesity prevention. However, scientific evidence supporting its active compounds' benefits is limited. This study used tandem-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) to analyze Bamboo mushroom's metabolites and lipids, identifying over 1000 metabolites, with adenosine most abundant. Pathway analysis showed significant activity in amino acid and specific metabolism pathways. Lipidomic analysis revealed 131 molecular lipids across categories such as sphingolipids and glycerolipids. The extracts' cytotoxicity and hypolipidemic efficacy were evaluated using a mouse adipocytes model, demonstrating no cellular toxicity at 6.25–100 μg/mL and effective reduction in lipid droplets. Additionally, the extracts significantly reduced levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), suggesting potential hypolipidemic effects. These findings highlight Bamboo mushroom's capability as a functional food to combat obesity by influencing lipid metabolism.

Junmei Ma, Qiang Li, Yonghuan Yan et al.

Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate, and suitable for rapid screening and confirmation of 4 cholinomimetics in edible fungi and areca nut.

Abdellatif Boutagayout, Anas Hamdani, Ismail Boutgayout et al.

Water management in Morocco has become a central challenge at the intersection of climate variability, agricultural modernization, and resource governance. The country is increasingly confronted with extreme hydro-climatic conditions that threaten water security and food production. Recent years have illustrated the severity of this crisis: 2023 was the driest year in at least eight decades, with total rainfall below 100 mm and a deficit of nearly 48% compared to the national average. The six-year period from 2019 to 2024 represents the longest recorded sequence of consecutive drought years, with an average rainfall deficit of 35%. Despite a progressive increase in hydraulic infrastructure, rising from a storage capacity of 1.2 billion m3 in 1960 to more than 19 billion m3 today, reservoirs were only 28.5% full in 2024, storing 4.8 billion m3. This structural water deficit is particularly concerning given that nearly 80% of Morocco’s cultivated land relies on rain-fed agriculture, making the agricultural sector vulnerable to fluctuating precipitation and rising temperatures. Morocco has attempted to address these challenges through ambitious policy frameworks, which prioritize efficient irrigation systems, sustainable agricultural practices, and resilience to climatic shocks. Large-scale investments in dams, desalination, and irrigation modernization have been complemented by international partnerships that provide technical expertise and financial support to the country. Simultaneously, agroecological practices, such as agroforestry, crop diversification, and crop rotation, represent underutilized but highly relevant pathways for improving water efficiency, restoring soil fertility, reducing erosion, and enhancing biodiversity. By weaving together climatic evidence, hydrological data, and agricultural strategies, this review highlights the urgency of implementing integrated water governance in Morocco. This underscores the importance of combining technological innovation with ecological practices and policy reforms to secure water and food resources in a context marked by persistent droughts and accelerating climate change.

Jinrui Chang, Huiming Jiang, Jianbo Liu et al.

IntroductionEnsuring food security in the new development paradigm urgently requires increasing the grain supply chain resilience. In order to clarify how can significantly enhance grain supply chain resilience, to demonstrate the relationship between the digital economy, government innovation-driven and grain supply chain resilience is necessary. To specify how the government can effectively perform its macro-regulatory functions, the government innovation-driven is reflected by government innovation-driven planning and government innovation-driven investment, respectively.MethodsThe data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 have been used. The panel fixed effects model, moderating effects model and threshold effects model have been selected to analyze.ResultsDigital economy has a stronger enhancement effect on grain supply chain resilience; Government innovation-driven has an increased moderating effect on digital economy enhance grain supply chain resilience; The enhancement effect of digital economy and the moderating effect of government innovation-driven are differentiated between China’s functional zones of grain production; And the threshold effect of government innovation-driven planning shows a process of digestion and absorption, which accumulating to 0.018 will emerge a multiplier effect. Government innovation-driven investment is higher than 0.026, which can have a promoted moderating effect.DiscussionTo expand the depth of integration of the digital economy, accurately government innovation-driven, the focus should be on attracting innovative talent, who can construct the perpetual motion machine mode of “external promote + internal drive,” so as to strengthen the robustness of the grain supply chain.

Bui Thi Thu Thao, Bui Thi Thu Thao, Pham Thanh Hung et al.

In this study, the heat pump drying technique was applied to develop the production process of dried mango from Tu Quy mango sources, Ben Tre province, Vietnam. The experiment was performed in three steps. First, mango slices were treated through the blanching process. Samples were pretreated with sizes from 6 to 12 mm at 80–95°C for 3–6 min, and then the mango slices were soaked in a syrup solution concentration range of 25–40°Bx, citric acid of 0.5–2%, and glycerol of 0.1–0.4% at 35–65°C for 90–180 min. Finally, the samples were dried using a pilot-scale heat pump dryer until the moisture content reached 14–16%. The results showed that the blanching and osmosis processes were carried out under optimal conditions to inactivate the Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme, obtain maximum polyphenol compounds, and conform to the product appearance. Additionally, the drying process was carried out at 30°C for 1,080 min with the polyphenol content retaining 11.71 mgGAE/gDW—This signifies a successful endeavor in developing production methodologies and expanding the range of mango-derived products. Employing innovative technological processes enhances both the quantity and quality of the products. Moreover, the manufacturing procedure was executed on a pilot device, streamlining the synchronization of large-scale production processes effortlessly. This advancement not only enhances economic value but also addresses the issue of congestion prevalent in the current state of the mango industry in Vietnam.

ZHOU Yanjun, LI Shanyawen, YONG Ling et al.

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of exposure in the population in 7 provinces and cities in China， the intake of glutamates （calculated for glutamic acid） in Chinese restaurant diners was calculated and compared with the recommended intake.MethodsA multi-stage stratified and population-proportional whole-group random sampling method was used to randomly select condiments in seven provinces/municipalities： Beijing， Chongqing， Liaoning， Shandong， Guangxi， Jiangsu， and Shaanxi. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine the glutamate content of collected condiments. The glutamate intake was calculated based on individual consumption and body weight data obtained during the investigation based on a simple distribution model of restaurant diners.ResultsThe highest levels of glutamates were found in flavoring agents and enhancers， followed by chicken essence/chicken powder， solid compound condiments other than chicken essence， liquid compound condiments， soy sauce， semi-solid compound condiments based on animal ingredients， spices， and brewing preparation sauces， etc. The lowest levels of glutamates were found in salt and salt substitutes. The mean glutamate intake of a meal for restaurant diners was 47.87 mg/kg·BW， accounting for 39.89% of the ADI set by JECFA. The mean glutamate intake for a day was 61.33 mg/kg·BW when considering food consumed outside the restaurant during the day， accounting for 51.11% of the ADI. Among diners of different restaurant sizes， medium-sized restaurants had the highest intake of glutamates during a meal， with a median intake of 44.46 mg/kg·BW， followed by large restaurants and small restaurants， with significant differences （P<0.05） observed in glutamate intake among all three groups. All mean values were < 50% of ADI. In different regions， the median intake of glutamate among diners in Guangdong Province was the highest at 64.22 mg/kg·BW， and the lowest was 18.66 mg/kg·BW in Beijing. Two-by-two comparison showed that the intake levels differed between provinces and cities （P<0.05）， except for Shandong Province and Shaanxi Province where the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）， and the mean values as a proportion of ADI were <80%. When comparing urban and county cities， the intake of urban restaurant diners was significantly higher than that of county cities （P<0.05）， and the mean values were < 50% of the ADI.ConclusionThe level of glutamate in condiments consumed in Chinese restaurant diners is still at an acceptable level. However， the level of glutamate intake varied between different provinces and cities， and cities and counties.

Javad Bazeli, Zarrin Banikazemi, Zarrin Banikazemi et al.

Nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) made of polystyrene (PS) can be toxic to humans, especially by ingestion of plastic particles. These substances are often introduced into the gastrointestinal tract, where they can cause several adverse effects, including disturbances in intestinal flora, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and exacerbated oxidative stress. Although there are widespread reports of the protective effects of probiotics on the harm caused by chemical contaminants, limited information is available on how these organisms may protect against PS toxicity in either humans or animals. The protective effects of probiotics can be seen in organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract, and even the brain. It has been shown that both MPs and NPs could induce microbial dysbiosis in the gut, nose and lungs, and probiotic bacteria could be considered for both prevention and treatment. Furthermore, the improvement in gut dysbiosis and intestinal leakage after probiotics consumption may reduce inflammatory biomarkers and avoid unnecessary activation of the immune system. Herein, we show probiotics may overcome the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics in humans, although some studies are required before any clinical recommendations can be made.

Xiaoli Ding, Jiying Lai, Hehui Zhang et al.

BackgroundSince the association of vitamin D with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk is still unclear, we conducted this updated meta-analysis of prospective studies to identify the relationship between vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation and AF in the general population.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases up to May 2023 for studies reporting vitamin D and AF. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by a random-effects model.ResultsA total of seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/ml) was associated with increased AF incidence (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.005–1.25). The HR was not significant with vitamin D insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml; HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.98–1.21). Each 10 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D was associated with a significantly decreased AF incidence (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97). Two studies reported the effect of vitamin D supplements on AF incidence but reached inconsistent results.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was associated with an increased risk of AF in the general population. The role of vitamin D supplementation in AF prevention needs further investigation.

Maha IK Ali, Rehab Mohamed Ibrahim, Aliaa G. M. Mostafa

This study investigated the effect of supplementation with cantaloupe peel (CP) and seeds (CS) (3, 6, 9, and 12%) powder on the quality and antioxidant activity of raw and cooked chicken patties during storage (-20°C/3 months). The addition of CP and CS powder increased protein, fat, ash, and fiber values of chicken patties compared with control, while carbohydrate, pH, and TBA were decreased at zero time and after 3 months of storage. The WHC, cooking yield, fat retention, and moisture retention were increased by increasing CP and CS powder addition ratios, while cooking loss and shrinkage were decreased. Also, CP and CS powder improved antioxidant activity, microbiological quality, and overall acceptability of chicken patties. The hardness of raw and cooked chicken patties was decreased with increasing CP and CS addition ratios. It is recommended to use CP and CS powder as functional ingredients in the preparation of functional foods.

Sarah Bennett, Conor F. Murphy, Michelle Fanning et al.

Summary: Background and Aims: Oesophagectomy is the primary curative treatment for oesophageal cancer but is associated with considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. To better understand the aetiology of impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) in oesophageal cancer survivors (OCS), this study sought to determine the longitudinal changes in nutritional status, nutrition-impact symptoms (NIS), and HRQL in this cohort, and to determine which variables have the greatest impact on postoperative HRQL decline. Methods: Data, derived from St. James' Hospital, Dublin, included patients who underwent oesophagectomy from October 2017 to May 2019 and attended clinic preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. A subset attended a further 12-month appointment. HRQL and symptom data were collected using validated questionnaires and anthropometric measures were completed by clinicians. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: A total of 66 patients were studied preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, of whom 37 were studied at 12 months postoperatively. Malnutrition remained prevalent at each time-point, although rates did not significantly change longitudinally. Conversely, the prevalence of malabsorption (7.6%–14.3%, P<0.001) and dumping syndrome (67.7%–74.3%, P=0.003) significantly increased with increasing time postoperatively. NIS were significantly associated with impaired HRQL function scores and were independent predictors of global quality of life (gQOL) score postoperatively (P=0.004). A diagnostic threshold of gastrointestinal symptom severity (11.5) that identifies patients at risk of impaired gQOL was therefore reported. Conclusion: Malnutrition and NIS are prevalent post-oesophagectomy, the latter significantly associated with reduced HRQL. Targeted intervention in those with severe NIS could be highly beneficial, highlighting the need for dietetic input in OCS.

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP), Claude Lambré, José Manuel Barat Baviera et al.

Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Loop Polymers (EU register number RECYC252). The input consists of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) offcuts and scrap from the production of food contact packaging that has not been in contact with food, but carry coatings, ink systems and adhesives. Decontaminated material is intended to be used to produce new articles for their original application. The Panel considered critical the management system put in place to provide full traceability from input to the final product, the material review before processing, as well as the removal of coatings, ink systems and adhesives during recycling. The CEP Panel considered that the applicant did not demonstrate that coatings, ink systems and adhesives were adequately removed during the process. Consequently, it concluded that the applicant has not demonstrated that the recycling process is able to reduce the contamination of the PE or PP recyclate to a concentration that does not pose a risk to human health.

Alana N Seaman, Alexia Franzidis

Sports stadiums represent important hospitality entities that generate billions and act as both powerful memorials of and contributors to place and destination image for visitors and locals alike. With increasing entertainment competition and waning fan attendance, many sport facilities are elevating gastronomic options available at events by integrating local foods, drinks and hospitality brands into concession environments, particularly as concessions are a central source of revenue for many sport entities. The use of local in this capacity is often viewed as beneficial — satisfying fans’ expectations for unique experiences and tastes. However, the neolocal practice of integrating local eateries and watering holes into stadium concession environments may have other unanticipated impacts outside the facility or venue, potentially limiting the values and benefits typically associated with neolocalism. Despite the popularity of concessions at sporting events, these aspects of the gastro trend have received little scholarly attention. Thus, this study sought to examine the relationship between local and sport concessions using a deconstructive approach to explore the phenomena in major league baseball (MLB). Data collected at four MLB games at four different stadiums in 2019, utilising a case study methodology, revealed that the concessions now offered enhanced the visitor experience whether through nostalgia or perceived insight into the host city’s culinary scene. Yet, when deconstructed, the local foods and drinks, through hospitality vendors within sport concession experiences may undermine in some ways the values and benefits associated with neolocalism.

Han Wu, Han Wu, Qing-Ru Di et al.

This research aimed to recover anthocyanin-rich extracts from blackberry (Rubus spp. Hull cultivar) by optimizing the processing conditions, and to characterize anthocyanin individuals and determine influences of optimization on enhancement of antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of anthocyanins as natural supplements. The ethanol concentration of 69.87%, HCl dosage of 0.53%, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:19.06 at 47.68°C for 17.04 h were optimal to obtain the highest extraction yield of anthocyanins at 0.72 mg/g. By using AB-8 macroporous resins, the anthocyanin concentration of 3.0 mg/mL, ethanol concentration of 90%, and elution rate of 2.0 mL/min were selected to boost the anthocyanin purity up to be 60.11%. Moreover, the purified anthocyanin extracts from blackberry contained nine main pigments which could be divided into three aglycone-based forms, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant among them. Due to the successive processes of extraction and purification, the blackberry purified anthocyanin extracts (BA-PAE) showed much higher bioactive capacities than the blackberry crude anthocyanin extracts (BA-CAE) and blackberry fruit slurry extracts (BA-FSE), e.g., DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (EC50 = 0.08 and 0.04, 0.32 and 0.24, and 1.31 and 0.41 mg/mL), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (1.60, 0.59, and 0.15 mmol TEAC/g), cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in PC12 cells (1.69-, 1.58-, and 1.50-fold cell viability compared to oxidative group), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.10 and 0.06, 0.56 and 0.32, and 3.98 and 2.16 mg/mL), and antibacterial activity (93.23, 40.85, and 80.42% reduced biofilm).

Shampa eGhosh, Jitendra Kumar Sinha, Uday Kumar Putcha et al.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is widely prevalent in women of childbearing age especially in developing countries. In the present study, through dietary restriction, we have established mouse models of severe and moderate vitamin B12 deficiencies to elucidate the impact on body composition, biochemical parameters and reproductive performance. Female weanling C57BL/6 mice were fed for four weeks, (a) control AIN-76A diet, (b) vitamin B12 restricted AIN-76A diet with pectin as dietary fiber (severe deficiency group, as pectin inhibits vitamin B12 absorption) or (c) vitamin B12 restricted AIN-76A diet with cellulose as dietary fiber (moderate deficiency group as cellulose does not interfere with vitamin B12 absorption). After confirming deficiency, the mice were mated with male colony mice and maintained on their respective diets throughout pregnancy, lactation and thereafter till 12 weeks. Severe vitamin B12 deficiency increased body fat % significantly, induced adiposity and altered lipid profile. Pregnant dams of both the deficient groups developed anemia. Severe vitamin B12 deficiency decreased the percentage of conception and litter size, pups were small-for-gestational-age and had significantly lower body weight at birth as well as weaning. Most of the offspring born to severely deficient dams died within 24 hours of birth. Stress markers and adipocytokines were elevated in severe deficiency with concomitant decrease in antioxidant defense. The results show that severe but not moderate vitamin B12 restriction had profound impact on the physiology of C57BL/6 mice. Oxidative and corticosteroid stress, inflammation and poor antioxidant defense seem to be the probable underlying mechanisms mediating the deleterious effects.

Alejandro Málaga Núñez-Zeballos, Marcia Adriana Iberico Díaz, José Manuel Enrique Marsano Delgado et al.

Se describe la investigación realizada por el Observatorio Turístico del Perú de la Escuela Profesional de Turismo y Hotelería de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, que plantea como objetivo conocer la generación del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de los establecimientos de restauración en las regiones de Arequipa, Cusco, Lambayeque y La Libertad; así como su aporte al PIB de cada región. La metodología utilizada fue de carácter exploratorio, transversal, descriptivo y hermenéutico. Se le dio un enfoque cuantitativo, donde se aplicaron técnicas propias de la investigación económica y contable de las cuentas satélites. Se utilizó la técnica documental y técnica de campo. El universo estuvo constituido por el 100 % de los establecimientos de restauración de las regiones de Arequipa, Cusco, Lambayeque y La Libertad. Las encuestas fueron aplicadas a los ejecutivos y jefes de los establecimientos.