This article commences by noting that most accounts of Spiritualism during World War One and its aftermath consider that it was harnessed to assist either with the war effort, or to provide comfort for those on the Home Front who were grieving for the dead or missing. However, as this article uncovers and elaborates, there was a brand of Spiritualism which looked beyond this nationalism to provide a form of universalism which sought to heal the wound of both current and past conflicts, instead to provide a world of harmony in the post war world. The population of England was to be reunited culturally with its dead through a rewriting of the history of the Reformation, informed by Spiritualist contact with the Tudor World and individuals within it. By looking at the wartime and immediately post wartime careers of three individuals (Edward Bligh Bond, William Packenham-Walsh and Margaret Murray) the article demonstrates the work of this area of Spiritualism to suggest collective approaches to reconciliation and the writing of past historical wrongs. These individuals also provide evidence of a commitment to creating a shared psychological, anthropological and cultural heritage that would bring Europeans together to transcend the rationalist nightmare created during the war years.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Social ties and neighborhood organizations play a crucial role in crime prevention in both developed and developing countries. However, the results are mixed, especially in rural areas, and the effects of various community structural factors can differ from one country to another. This paper examines how community structure and participation in different types of neighborhood organizations influence crime rates at the community level in Vietnam, a developing post-communist country. Using balanced panel data derived from the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index survey conducted from 2017 to 2020, the empirical results support the hypotheses of Social Disorganization Theory regarding the connection between community structure, organizational participation, and overall crime rates in this context. The study also found that urbanization moderates this relationship, though its impact on each dimension of social disorganization and the crime rate varies. The paper contributes to the existing theory by emphasizing the significance of neighborhood organizations – especially voluntary ones – and the quality of community participation in crime prevention. Additionally, the findings offer managerial implications applicable in countries with similar contexts.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Delly Maulana, Catur Nugroho, Roro Retno Wulan
et al.
The issue of waste in Indonesia and the global world is a crucial problem, and until now, it has not been resolved effectively and has not prioritized sustainable governance. Almost all regions are experiencing a handling crisis primarily from consumer waste, such as paper, food, electronics, plastics, metals, and packaging. This research aims to develop an effective waste management policy strategy at the municipal government level in Banten Province, Indonesia. Specifically, this research examines the strategy of changing people’s behavior through the perspective of social change behavior theory and rational-legal authority. This study employed a qualitative case-study approach, incorporating field observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that waste management governance in Banten Province’s urban areas should operate optimally. The increasing waste production and the behavior of urban communities that still need to sort their waste have worsened waste management in the region. Therefore, there needs to be a policy strategy for waste management through changes in community behavior, which is implemented through promotion policies, campaigns, socialization, and educational activities for the community. Then, the city government should also provide clear waste bin facilities and management and consider individual preferences and local culture in changing people’s behavior in sustainable waste management.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Nikša Alfirević, Maja Arslanagić-Kalajdžić, Vlatka Škokić
et al.
Abstract Business school reputation is an important but complex signal of academic and societal value. Although the reputation of business schools is still mainly assessed through bibliometric indicators, accreditations or rankings, these indicators cannot provide access to the broader impact of research on industry and society. This study fills this gap and examines how European business schools translate their research productivity and collaborative practices into reputational capital among academic peers, industry and the public. Using a mixed methods approach, the study quantitatively analyses the relationship between bibliometric indicators at 83 European business schools from 2017 to 2022. These findings are further interpreted through qualitative insights from expert interviews. The results show that elite publications and international collaborations are significant predictors of peer reputation and ranking, while traditional metrics such as number of citations and national collaborations have limited significance. Qualitative evidence shows the importance of aligning research with industry needs, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and utilizing different communication channels to translate academic reputation into broader societal recognition. The study proposes a new theoretical model with seven propositions that explain how research activities, collaboration and stakeholder engagement jointly influence institutional reputation. The findings argue for a shift from quantity of output to quality of research, recommend a multidimensional assessment of impact, and call for future research to incorporate alternative metrics and broader stakeholder perspectives.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
This study investigates the role of schema theory in translation and aims to gain knowledge that may progress AI-related domains through the simulation of cognition and AI. Schema theory hypothesizes that translators use mental frameworks (schemata) to organize and interpret information. In the context of translation, schemata play a crucial role in knowledge representation, affecting limitations made during the translation process. A cognitive approach is employed and qualitative methods are used in the analysis. A corpus is collected from the translation of a SL Arabic novel (Frankenstein in Baghdad by A. Saadawi) into TL English, covering domains and language pairs. The translation process is analyzed to identify cognitive patterns employed by the translator as they apply schemata to achieve cross-cultural renditions. Conclusions reveal that schema activation significantly impacts translation choices, influencing how the translator interprets and conveys meaning across languages. Cognitive patterns shed light on how cultural and linguistic factors influence the transfer of information between SL and TL. Additionally, the study uncovers variations in schema utilization across different translation tasks and the adaptability and flexibility of cognitive processes in response to varying contexts and linguistic challenges. By deepening our understanding of schema theory, this research contributes to the design, training, and assessment of AI algorithms. It also provides valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying successful cross-linguistic communication and offers practical implications for translators engaged in intercultural exchange. Finally, this paper recommends that AI systems can drive advancements in MT and other AI-related fields of prior knowledge to produce accuracy and more closely with native speakers by using schema theory concepts.
Language and Literature, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Mobile device usage in online surveys has steadily increased in recent years. As mobile devices differ, for example, in their handling, from computers, device effects within online surveys are found for several data quality indicators. However, results concerning these device effects are neither comprehensive nor conclusive because existing research are often based on non-optimized designs or do not account for the type of mobile device, for example, smartphone or tablet. This study uses data from the emigrant sample of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) a probability-based online survey ( n = 4,888)—which made use of a mobile-optimized design—to compare data quality between smartphone, tablet, and computer respondents. Propensity score weighting was employed to account for device choice selectivity effects. The data quality indicators showed mixed results and smaller data quality differences across computers, smartphones, and tablets compared to previous studies. Higher dropout rates on mobile devices and here especially on smartphones remain the major challenge for survey participation, especially on small screens. However, our results render mixed-device data collection via mobile-optimized online surveys as a promising data collection approach, especially for exploiting the large response potentially associated with smartphone and tablet respondents.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
In the Midwest, women landowners are one of the most powerful populations who can effect real change in water quality. Their potential, however, has been under-recognized, and they have been largely left out of conservation outreach and education.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Taking the next step in our understanding of the testimony of Holocaust literature involves taking a step back to recuperate a theoretical approach that does not cede all human attempts at knowledge to skepticism. At odds with Theodor Adorno about the possibility of writing poetry after Auschwitz, Adler, a survivor of Theresienstadt and Auschwitz, transformed his experiences into fiction. In his novel, <i>Eine Reise</i>, published in 1962, and in his 1965 essay on “Die Grenzen des Sagbaren,” or the limits of the sayable, Adler addresses these dilemmas. While Adorno collapses traditions of value into barbarity, Adler struggles to maintain, describe and explain the possibility of human resistance to evil. I examine Adler’s nuanced use of language in these two works and show that the rage and epistemological uncertainty that dominate the post-Holocaust world do not necessarily lead to the destruction of all traditional forms of meaning.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
The subject of car transport is of special importance, therefore studies focused on analyzing car transport networks to detect problems that are reflected in the efficiency of traffic, since most of the current car road networks do not meet the requirements of population activities. Therefore, the researchers aim from this research to analyze the efficiency of motorways in Al-Anbar Governorate to reveal the problems that the network suffers from, whether it is related to winding road paths that are sleepy along the roads or the difference in accessibility and difficulty of communication between the nodes as well as the imbalance of the network density with the distribution of cities and administrative units In the province.Therefore, the research problem was identified by a scientific question about the efficiency of the road network of cars in Anbar Governorate, Anbar Governorate. The research hypothesis was formulated according to which the road network of cars in Anbar province is inefficient, as it suffers from a number of problems that made it not meet the requirements of economic and social activities and the requirements of development
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Ana Patricia Pabón Mantilla, María Alejandra González González, Mary Genith Viteri Aguirre
El artículo que se presenta es una reflexión derivada de una investigación cuya finalidad era analizar las medidas de reparación del daño desde el enfoque diferencial de género, tomando como referencia un caso emblemático resuelto al interior del Consejo de Estado de Colombia. Con este objetivo se hace una reseña analítica de fuentes documentales para identificar categorías de referencia, con las cuales se hace luego un análisis del discurso del texto de la sentencia. Los hallazgos permiten exponer, en primer lugar, los criterios orientadores desde la teoría y desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, los que deben orientar la actividad judicial cuando se esté frente a un caso en donde el género importe. En segundo lugar, el caso cuyo análisis se presenta constituye un hito frente a la valoración del daño desde el enfoque diferencial de género y el reconocimiento de que la afectación a derechos sexuales y reproductivos genera una grave afectación a los proyectos de vida de las mujeres. Las conclusiones permiten reforzar la necesidad de continuar con el proceso de formación al interior de la Rama Judicial con la finalidad de lograr decisiones transformativas que impacten de manera significativa la vida de mujeres y niñas que acuden a la administración de justicia en Colombia.
Social Sciences, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Andrej Scheglov, Olaus Petri och Niccolò Machiavelli. Angående frågan om renässanshumanismens inflytande på Olaus Petris verk En svensk krönika
Peter Sjökvist, Litterära krigsbyten i Uppsala och deras användning. En kontroversteologi
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
AbstractLecture presented to the Utrecht Conference of ADHO, 2019: my experience in the field of Humanities Computing/Digital Humanities, collocated in historical perspective, listing and briefly commenting what I have learned to be the essential theories which form our discipline. For this purpose, the fundamental disciplines are proposed, and their role in the discipline: computing theory, information and communication, formalization, algorithms and recursion; and, from humanities side, cybernetics, linguistics, semiotics, relational model, systems theory, modelization.
Nos anos de 1970, os governos de Cuba e da União Soviética uniram esforços para construir a Planta Nuclear de Juraguá, localizada nas imediações da cidade de Cienfuegos, Cuba. Um projeto ambicioso e utópico devido à necessidade orçamentária para sustentá-lo.
Para além dos riscos inerentes à geração de energia atômica, a proximidade geográfica com o Estado da Flórida alarmara os Estados Unidos sobre o prenúncio de desenvolvimento de arma nuclear. Anos antes do estabelecimento do projeto, Cuba havia instalado mísseis balísticos de origem russa.
O ideal atômico cubano nunca se completou, consequentemente, nenhuma das aventadas ameaças. O que resta nessa paisagem industrial e na vida em meio aos edifícios inacabados da cidade nuclear (originalmente destinada a receber trabalhadores de Juraguá) ativam continuamente certo aturdimento e a memória, por vezes não fiel, daquele tempo.
Pedro Ernesto Freitas Lima, Emerson Dionisio Gomes de Oliveira
A partir da coincidência da exibição de trabalhos realizados em madeira pelos artistas Eduardo Frota, Eudes Mota e Marcelo Silveira em exposições cujas narrativas curatoriais eram de caráter identitário, questionamos: como curadorias operam narrativas identitárias a partir de determinados materiais – no nosso caso, a madeira –, procedimentos empregados em obras e de dados biográficos do artista? Quais as implicações desse processo? Para isso, confrontaremos análises de obras a discursos curatoriais e proporemos hipóteses sobre o emprego da narrativa identitária enquanto mediador institucional e econômico na inserção desses trabalhos, provenientes de circuitos considerados “locais” ou “periféricos”, em circuitos de dimensão “nacional”.
Thania Vanessa Ramos Zúñiga, Rosa María Chávez Dagostino
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la producción académica relacionada con el turismo en la costa norte de Honduras, utilizando el estudio bibliométrico de documentos a través de una revisión sistemática en bases de datos multidisciplinarias (Scopus) entre 1988 y 2018. Se localizaron veinticinco investigaciones con esta temática. En el periodo comprendido entre 2010 a 2018 se encontró la mayor producción científica, catorce documentos, lo que indica un interés creciente en estudiar la zona en los últimos años. Estados Unidos sobresale como el país con más publicaciones, seguido por Canadá e Inglaterra. Los temas principales que se abordan son: evaluación de impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales del turismo, privatización de tierras costeras, neoliberalismo verde y turismo y mercantilización de la cultura.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
No dia 17 de setembro de 2018, o poeta Ricardo Aleixo e o rapper Diamondog participaram de um encontro no célebre Cabaret Voltaire, em Zurique, com o objetivo de compartilhar suas memórias através de poemas e canções com pausas para conversa. O objetivo deste artigo é de abordar a memória compartilhada pelos autores em três momentos: nas políticas de luto; nas biografias cruzadas; e na vida como uma afronta ao poder institucionalizado, isto é, mediado pelo Estado. Compartilhando paradoxalmente um distinto e semelhante histórico de violência no Brasil e na Angola, Ricardo Aleixo e Diamondog expuseram com alegria e luto, a criação poética como uma forma de afirmação da vida.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social sciences (General)
Automated computer vision methods and tools offer new ways of analysing audio-visual material in the realm of the Digital Humanities (DH). While there are some promising results where these tools can be applied, there are basic challenges, such as algorithmic bias and the lack of sufficient transparency, one needs to carefully use these tools in a productive and responsible way. When it comes to the socio-technical understanding of computer vision tools and methods, a major unit of sociological analysis, attentiveness, and access for configuration (for both computer vision scientists and DH scholars) is what computer science calls “ground truth”. What is specified in the ground truth is the template or rule to follow, e.g. what an object looks like. This article aims at providing scholars in the DH with knowledge about how automated tools for image analysis work and how they are constructed. Based on these insights, the paper introduces an approach called “active learning” that can help to configure these tools in ways that fit the specific requirements and research questions of the DH in a more adaptive and user-centered way. We argue that both objectives need to be addressed, as this is, by all means, necessary for a successful implementation of computer vision tools in the DH and related fields.