Aquest treball respon a tres propòsits. El primer consisteix a recuperar els noms de la secció femenina del Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya (PSUC) a Girona durant la Guerra Civil. El segon busca traçar-ne l’evolució a través de les notícies recollides en premsa i les aportacions textuals que les integrants van fer a Front. Òrgan del PSU de C [IC] i portantveu de la U.G.T. L’objectiu final és veure si les dones del PSUC van arribar a desenvolupar una consciència específicament feminista, més enllà de la de classe, per a la seva emancipació.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
One of the peculiarities of the Spanish labour market has been the existence
of a high share of temporary employment, a result of the 1984 labour reform
which made the use of temporary contracts more flexible. Since 1994, various
reforms have sought to increase the use of open-ended contracts and
discourage the use of fixed-term contracts. Although these reforms, in
particular the 2012 and 2021 reforms, have led to a reduction in the share
of temporary workers they have also created other unintended problems, such
as a reduction in the duration of fixed-term contracts, the proliferation of
part-time contracts and atypical open-ended contracts, and a high share of
temporary employment in public sector.
El emplazamiento de las sedes episcopales de Oca y Valpuesta en los monasterios de Cardeña y Valpuesta, respectivamente, hasta su asimilación definitiva por la diócesis de Burgos a finales del siglo XI, favoreció la temprana presencia de obispos en ambos monasterios. Los tres cartularios medievales conservados de esas instituciones, el Becerro Gótico de Cardeña y los Becerros Gótico y Galicano de Valpuesta, se reconocen como testimonios del progresivo fortalecimiento del poder de los prelados entre los siglos IX a XI. Consecuentemente, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la memoria episcopal perpetuada en esos cartularios con la intención de valorar los nombres, las actuaciones y el aprovechamiento atribuidos al rol y función de los obispos en defensa de los privilegios de ambas instituciones y del recuerdo de sus benefactores.
William Hongsong Wang, Vicente Moreno-Casas, Jesús Huerta de Soto
Renewable energy (RE) is one of the most popular public policy orientations worldwide. Compared to some other countries and continents, Europe has gained an early awareness of energy and environmental problems in general. At the theoretical level, free-market environmentalism indicates that based on the principle of private property rights, with fewer state interventionist and regulation policies, entrepreneurs, as the driving force of the market economy, can provide better services to meet the necessity of offering RE to protect the environment more effectively. Previous studies have revealed that Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have made some progress in using the market to develop RE. However, this research did not analyze the three countries’ RE conditions from the perspective of free-market environmentalism. Based on our review of the principles of free-market environmentalism, this paper originally provides an empirical study of how Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have partly conducted free-market-oriented policies to successfully achieve their policy goal of RE since the 1990s on a practical level. In particular, compared with Germany and Denmark, the UK has maintained a relatively low energy tax rate and opted for more pro-market measures since the Hayekian-Thatcherism free-market reform of 1979. The paper also discovers that Fredrich A. Hayek’s theories have strongly impacted its energy liberalization reform agenda since then. Low taxes on the energy industry and electricity have alleviated the burden on the electricity enterprises and consumers in the UK. Moreover, the empirical results above show that the energy enterprises play essential roles in providing better and more affordable RE for household and industrial users in the three sampled countries. Based on the above results, the paper also warns that state intervention policies such as taxation, state subsidies, and industrial access restrictions can impede these three countries’ RE targets. Additionally, our research provides reform agendas and policy suggestions to policymakers on the importance of implementing free-market environmentalism to provide more efficient RE in the post-COVID-19 era.
<p>En las áreas más dinámicas de la Europa Occidental la llamada revolución del consumo hizo su aparición a finales del xvii. También en la España Mediterránea se produjeron cambios significativos en las pautas adquisitivas de las familias, derivados del excepcional desarrollo económico experimentado a lo largo del siglo xviii. Cambios que dudamos en calificar de revolucionarios –ya que responden a un proceso progresivo en el que intervienen múltiples variables–, y que en nuestra opinión consideramos que el término que mejor caracteriza este período es el de evolución del consumo. La base documental utilizada en este estudio comparativo la constituye un conjunto de escrituras de dote repartidas entre el medio rural y el urbano. Y la atención se ha centrado en el vestido, que, además de ser el artículo con mayor representación en este tipo de documentos, es el mejor ejemplo como indicador del consumo familiar (Veblen <em>dixit</em>). </p>
Modern historiography has studied the influence of messianic and millennialist ideas in the Crown of Aragon extensively and, more particularly, how they were linked to the Aragonese monarchy. To date, research in the field of art history has mainly considered royal iconography from a different point of view: through coronation, historical or dynastic images. This article will explore the connections, if any, between millennialist prophetic visions and royal iconography in the Crown of Aragon using both texts and the figurative arts, bearing in mind that sermons, books and images shared a common space in late medieval audiovisual culture, where royal epiphanies took place. The point of departure will be the hypothesis that some royal images and apparently conventional religious images are compatible with readings based on sources of prophetic and apocalyptic thought, which help us to understand the intentions and values behind unique figurative and performative epiphanies of the dynasty that ruled the Crown of Aragon between 1250 and 1516. With this purpose in mind, images will be analysed in their specific context, which is often possible to reconstruct thanks to the abundance and diversity of the written sources available on the subject, with a view to identifying their promoters’ intentions, the function they fulfilled and the reception of these images in the visual culture of this time and place.
In this article, I explore the subject of supporting clients living with illness in the context of my counselling practice. I weave this approach to clinical practice, informed by response-based practice and the use of metaphor, together with my personal story of illness and recovery. I contextualise my own history as a Metis woman and therapist into the life of my family, living in Canada's north. There, my maternal family lived in the midst of uranium extraction, a form of mining that resourced the Cold War and fueled the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Canada's implication in militarism had devastating effects on Indigenous community members. I explore the use of metaphor as a form of co-constructed meaning in therapy. I present my own symbolic journey through cancer and treatment as a sacred pilgrimage in Spain. The various key points in treatment parallel significant stops along the Camino de Santiago de Compostela. As well, I explore how clients negotiate medical systems, impositions and negative social responses, as well as how they resource love, strength and care from family and friends. I apply a framework of response-based practice, seeking to understand the ways in which people preserve dignity and try to maximize safety and well-being. This includes the ways in which patients manage unsolicited advice and undesirable procedures with courage and grace.
The royal chancellery of the late middle ages was one of the central institutions of the royal administration in Navarre. In addition to serving as the royal clerk, the office acquired considerable importance in the running of court finances and the royal treasury. Thousands of chancellery orders in the documentary form of ordinances were drafted for the making of payments of all kinds and the granting of a variety of bounties, and also for the collection of and exemption from taxes and imposts. The growing number of this type of documents prompted the creation, in the early 15th century, of the position of protonotario real or chief royal clerk as the sole validating authority. These documents were thus intended for circulation among all officials responsible for handling monies, controlling finances, compiling accounts and checking the balances recorded there.
Durante o século XIX, especialmente na primeira metade daquele século, Portugal foi um país instável, caótico, convulsionado por conflitos, rebeliões e guerras, marcada pela gravíssima situação econômica e financeira do país. Neste período, houve confrontos entre muitos grupos diferentes, vinculados ao numerosos movimentos políticos da época, numa luta contínua pelo poder. Aqueles que perdiam o poder, possivelmente os aliados de ontem, muitas vezes continuavam armadas. Aqueles considerados bandidos podiam estar ao poder ou excluídos do poder. Outros grupos saqueavam e roubavam sem serem considerados bandidos. Uns eram chamados de guerrilheiros. Este trabalho estudos vários grupos presentes, os diferentes participantes, como eles eram visto no decorrer dos eventos e até que ponto esta avaliação de bandido ou guerrilheiro pode ser considerada correta. Parece que muitos bandidos eram meramente inimigos políticos.
L’auteur de la dite Historia silense a probablement écrit à León, près du pantheón et de l’église de Saint Isidore, où se forma une institution de chanoines, ce qui était devenu chose courante dans le premier tiers du douzième siècle. Avec l’assentiment d’Alphonse VII et de l’infante Sancha Raimúndez, avant 1150 la communauté de chanoines de Saint Isidore se consolida en communauté régulière augustinienne, au service de l’église et du pantheón royal.L’auteur de l’Historia silense mit en place un système de propagande isidorienne avec l’intention de transformer Saint Isidore de León en une référence indispensable du royaume castillanoléonais.
History (General) and history of Europe, History of Spain
La siguiente investigación trata de aclarar los orígenes del baloncesto en la ciudad de San Fernando (Cádiz, España), así como su evolución e importancia en la actualidad. Existen artículos que tratan sobre el tema pero no están ni contrastados ni muestran una visión específica de dichos orígenes. Con este trabajo, pretendemos reunir y sintetizar estos artículos así como las opiniones de los propios protagonistas a través de entrevistas que llevamos a cabo con los mismos, que se perderían al no estar recogidas de forma escrita. Este trabajo va dirigido a todas aquellas personas interesadas en conocer algo más sobre el propio deporte y la ciudad de San Fernando.
Los motivos que nos impulsaron a realizar la presente investigación son: la importancia y el significado que tiene este deporte para la ciudad de San Fernando. Este estudio pretende hacer llegar a los jóvenes, visitantes, deportistas e investigadores de la historia del deporte una pequeña parte de la cultura de esta localidad gaditana, donde la práctica del deporte del baloncesto tiene una larga tradición, desde su comienzo en la Escuela de Aprendices de la Empresa Nacional Bazán de Construcciones Navales Militares SA. de San Fernando hasta la actualidad y la importancia que tuvieron algunos colegios de la ciudad a lo largo de la historia, en la expansión de este deporte.
Abstract: This research aims at establishing the origins of basketball in the city of San Fernando (Cadiz, Spain), as well as its evolution and its present importance. There are articles on the subject, though they are not contrasted nor do they show a specific view of those origins. With this work with intend to gather and synthesize these articles as well as the opinions of the main figures by means of the interviews we maintained with them, which otherwise would get lost if they were not kept in written. This work is addressed to all those interested in knowing more about the sport itself and about the city of San Fernando.
The reason that encouraged us to carry out this research was the importance and significance of this sport for the city of San Fernando. This study aims at passing on to young people, visitors, sportspeople and sports history researchers a small part of the culture of this city of Cadiz, where the practice of basketball has a long tradition, from its beginning in the Escuela de Aprendices de la Empresa Nacional Bazán de Construcciones Navales Militares SA. of San Fernando to the present, and the important role played by some schools of the city in the diffusion of this sport all along its history.