DOM POSTPAMIĘCI. ŁEMKOWSKA POEZJA JAKO PRZESTRZEŃ KULTUROWEJ REKONSTRUKCJI
Artykuł analizuje obraz domu w poezji łemkowskiej nurtu autoprezentacji, reprezentowanej przez twórczość Władysława Grabana, Heleny Duć-Fajfer i Stefanii Trochanowskiej. Autorzy ci, urodzeni po wysiedleniach, budują własną wizję Łemkowyny na podstawie przekazu międzypokoleniowego, dlatego dom w ich poezji nie jest jedynie konkretną przestrzenią, lecz głównie figurą postpamięciową – miejscem utraconym, którego obecność odtwarzana jest w języku, wyobraźni i doświadczeniu afektywnym. W ich twórczości dom staje się symbolem więzi z historią i wspólnotą, a jego obraz powstaje w napięciu między brakiem materialnego dziedzictwa a potrzebą zakorzenienia i odbudowy. Szczególną rolę odgrywa tu wymiar sensoryczny – zapachy, dźwięki i faktury przedmiotów uruchamiają pamięć w trybie cielesnego przeżycia, pogłębiając emocjonalną intensywność narracji. Analiza poezji pozwala wyróżnić pięć ram czasowych, w których dom zostaje umiejscowiony: (1) dom nie-przeżyty (przeszłość), (1½) dom nie-ochroniony (moment wysiedleń), (2) dom nie-obecny (teraźniejszość), (2½) dom nie-tutejszy (czas poszukiwań) oraz (3) dom nie-zapomniany (przyszłość). Każda z tych kategorii odsłania inny sposób przeżywania utraty i projektowania przyszłości – od wspomnienia przekazanego, przez doświadczenie braku, aż po wizję odbudowy. Dom w tej poezji nie jest więc fizycznym miejscem pamięci, lecz przestrzenią postpamięci, w której spotykają się przeszłość i teraźniejszość, a jego elementy – próg, drzwi, piec czy okno – pełnią rolę nośników zakorzenienia, traumy i kulturowej ciągłości. Tym samym obrazy domu pełnią funkcję rekonstrukcyjną: nie tylko przypominają o utraconym świecie, ale także uczestniczą w procesie budowania współczesnej tożsamości łemkowskiej, scalając pamięć, afekt i literacką kreację.
Artykuł przynosi zarys historii Roczników Historycznych. Powstały one w 1925 r. w Poznaniu z inicjatywy wybitnego mediewisty, Kazimierza Tymienieckiego, jako czasopismo poświęcone historii ziem zachodnich Polski i stosunkom polsko-niemieckim. Nie ukazywały się podczas okupacji niemieckiej 1939-1945, były blokowane przez władze komunistyczne w latach 50. XX w., ale ukazują się regularnie od 1955 r. Od 1988 r. profil czasopisma zmienił się i zajmuje się ono przede wszystkim historią średniowiecza i wczesnych czasów nowożytnych. Roczniki uznawane są za jedno z najważniejszych czasopism historycznych w Polsce.
Citizen Science (CS) is increasingly recognised as an essential pillar within the Open Science (OS) ecosystem, enabling citizen participation in research while enhancing transparency, accountability and public trust in science. The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and UNESCO’s Recommendation on Open Science position see CS as central to democratising knowledge and advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, implementing CS frameworks in the Western Balkans faces region-specific challenges, including underdeveloped infrastructure, capacity gaps, and socio-cultural barriers shaped by the region’s post-socialist history. The Citizen-Enhanced Open Science in Southeastern Europe Higher Education Knowledge Hubs (CeOS_SE) project (2022–2024), financed under Erasmus+, aimed to bridge these gaps by fostering CS practices in the Western Balkans, focusing on the role of libraries and higher education institutions (HEIs) as facilitators of participatory research. The project prioritised capacity-building, policy alignment, and institutional integration of CS practices within OS frameworks. This paper relies on the findings from the Roadmap on CeOS in the Balkans, focusing on Section 5.5.3 (Survey Analysis: Citizen Science), enriched with an analysis of global and regional CS frameworks and policies. Special emphasis is placed on Serbia’s pioneering initiatives, including the first accredited CS training for librarians, which operationalizes the vision of libraries as community hubs for citizen science. By examining survey data and local practices, this paper offers actionable insights for policymakers, librarians, researchers, and regional stakeholders seeking to embed CS within OS ecosystems sustainably. Findings reveal high interest in CS across the Western Balkans but highlight the need for structured training, stable funding, and alignment with European frameworks to overcome implementation barriers. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustaining CS practices post-CeOS_SE, including policy integration, funding mechanisms, and regional collaboration, to advance participatory, inclusive, and Open Science in the Western Balkans.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Recommendation systems can provide accurate recommendations by analyzing user shopping history. A richer user history results in more accurate recommendations. However, in real applications, users prefer e-commerce platforms where the item they seek is at the lowest price. In other words, most users shop from multiple e-commerce platforms simultaneously; different parts of the user's shopping history are shared between different e-commerce platforms. Consequently, we assume in this study that any e-commerce platform has a complete record of the user's history but can only access some parts of it. If a recommendation system is able to predict the missing parts first and enrich the user's shopping history properly, it will be possible to recommend the next item more accurately. Our recommendation system leverages user shopping history to improve prediction accuracy. The proposed approach shows significant improvements in both NDCG@10 and HR@10.
8000 years ago, prior to Neolithic agriculture, Europe was mostly a wooded continent. Since then, its forest cover has been progressively fragmented, so that today it covers less than half of Europe’s land area, in many cases having been cleared to make way for fields and pasture-land. Establishing the origin of Europe’s current, more open land-cover mosaic requires a long-term perspective, for which pollen analysis offers a key tool. In this study we utilise and compare three numerical approaches to transforming pollen data into past forest cover, drawing on >1000 14C-dated site records. All reconstructions highlight the different histories of the mixed temperate and the northern boreal forests, with the former declining progressively since ~6000 years ago, linked to forest clearance for agriculture in later prehistory (especially in northwest Europe) and early historic times (e.g. in north central Europe). In contrast, extensive human impact on the needle-leaf forests of northern Europe only becomes detectable in the last two millennia and has left a larger area of forest in place. Forest loss has been a dominant feature of Europe’s landscape ecology in the second half of the current interglacial, with consequences for carbon cycling, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity.
Among crop fruit trees, the apricot (Prunus armeniaca) provides an excellent model to study divergence and adaptation processes. Here, we obtain nearly 600 Armeniaca apricot genomes and four high-quality assemblies anchored on genetic maps. Chinese and European apricots form two differentiated gene pools with high genetic diversity, resulting from independent domestication events from distinct wild Central Asian populations, and with subsequent gene flow. A relatively low proportion of the genome is affected by selection. Different genomic regions show footprints of selection in European and Chinese cultivated apricots, despite convergent phenotypic traits, with predicted functions in both groups involved in the perennial life cycle, fruit quality and disease resistance. Selection footprints appear more abundant in European apricots, with a hotspot on chromosome 4, while admixture is more pervasive in Chinese cultivated apricots. Our study provides clues to the biology of selected traits and targets for fruit tree research and breeding. The evolutionary and domestication history of apricots is poorly understood. Here, the authors provide four apricot high-quality genome assemblies, the genomes of 578 accessions from natural and cultivated populations, and show that Chinese and European apricots constitute two different gene pools, resulting from independent domestication events.
Abstract The density and unsustainable placement of buried utilities in the limited underground space lead to coordination issues between utility owners and increase the social costs because of repeated excavations. Multi-purpose utility tunnels (MUTs) integrate all utilities in one tunnel that can be easily accessed for inspection and maintenance activities, which can be conducted all-year-round irrespective of the weather conditions. MUTs reduce the need for repeated excavations for intervention activities, and consequently, lower the traffic congestion. This paper aims to conduct a historical review of the development of MUTs in different countries, the motivation and strategies of this development, financing and cost-sharing methods, and regulations and standards. Despite the high promises of MUTs as a sustainable and resilient option for infrastructure development, their recent implementation in Europe and North America is limited mainly because of the high initial cost. China is currently leading the development of MUTs in the world on a large scale because of the central government initiatives. It is hoped that this paper will encourage further research about the development of MUTs.
This research examines the central banks of interwar Europe through the lens of statistics. It focuses particularly on how the rise of economic and statistical expertise simultaneously supported the existing goals of central banks to retain national autonomy and the tenets of liberal internationalism espoused by the League of Nations. The institutionalised efforts to improve quantitative research culminated in the 1928 Conference of Central Bank Statisticians, where delegates envisioned creating new channels of cooperation based on standardised terminology and a centralised information bureau. By framing central banks within the historiographies of statistics and interwar internationalism, this article details the confluence of factors that shaped a new dependence on expertise.
Historical film – a film genre supported in the Cold War era – has re-emerged in the 21st century in Eastern European cinemas, its success signalled by popularity, dedicated state financing funds or political support. This article frames the phenomenon within the Assmannian model of three communicative generations, suggested to be interlinked on the level of both the creative staff and the audience of Eastern European historical films. Based on box-office data of the Lumiere Database of the European Audiovisual Observatory, and research referring to further elements of canonization, it is argued that titles such as Polish Katyn (2007), Romanian Aferim! (2015) or Hungarian Bet on Revenge (2016) – the first majority production historical films to achieve significant audience, and, consequently, critical success in their domestic markets in the 21st century – signal a successful collective memory-work process. While in the major Polish market this may be inscribed within the three communicative generations of the victims, the forgetters and the mourners doing memory-work – possibly processing collective traumatization too –, the two small national examples fall outside the validity of the Assmannian model. In order to somewhat refine this apparent opposition between 21st century Eastern European major and small national collective memory-work through historical films, further examples from the Polish, Hungarian and Romanian top lists are examined. Poetic-medial features – the actualization of “trauma narratives” (Alexander 2012) or of postmodern irony, the employment of cinematic and/or televisual visuality – seem to facilitate collective memory-work differently for major and small national domestic audiences, activating or not their belonging to the three communicative generations with respect to the historical events represented in the films.
History of Central Europe, Language and Literature
Recent generative AI platforms are able to create texts or impressive images from simple text prompts. This makes them powerful tools for summarizing knowledge about architectural history or deriving new creative work in early design tasks like ideation, sketching and modelling. But, how good is the understanding of the generative AI models of the history of architecture? Has it learned to properly distinguish styles, or is it hallucinating information? In this chapter, we investigate this question for generative AI platforms for text and image generation for different architectural styles, to understand the capabilities and boundaries of knowledge of those tools. We also analyze how they are already being used by analyzing a data set of 101 million Midjourney queries to see if and how practitioners are already querying for specific architectural concepts.
Arianna Dolfi, Facundo A. Gomez, Antonela Monachesi
et al.
Large-scale asymmetries (i.e. lopsidedness) are a common feature in the stellar density distribution of nearby disk galaxies both in low- and high-density environments. In this work, we characterize the present-day lopsidedness in a sample of 1435 disk-like galaxies selected from the TNG50 simulation. We find that the percentage of lopsided galaxies (10%-30%) is in good agreement with observations if we use similar radial ranges to the observations. However, the percentage (58%) significantly increases if we extend our measurement to larger radii. We find a mild or lack of correlation between lopsidedness amplitude and environment at z=0 and a strong correlation between lopsidedness and galaxy morphology regardless of the environment. Present-day galaxies with more extended disks, flatter inner galactic regions and lower central stellar mass density (i.e. late-type disk galaxies) are typically more lopsided than galaxies with smaller disks, rounder inner galactic regions and higher central stellar mass density (i.e. early-type disk galaxies). Interestingly, we find that lopsided galaxies have, on average, a very distinct star formation history within the last 10 Gyr, with respect to their symmetric counterparts. Symmetric galaxies have typically assembled at early times (~8-6 Gyr ago) with relatively short and intense bursts of central star formation, while lopsided galaxies have assembled on longer timescales and with milder initial bursts of star formation, continuing building up their mass until z=0. Overall, these results indicate that lopsidedness in present-day disk galaxies is connected to the specific evolutionary histories of the galaxies that shaped their distinct internal properties.
Wachowiak Witold, B. Żukowska Weronika, Perry Annika
et al.
We analyzed mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms to search for evidence of the genetic structure and patterns of admixture in 124 populations (N = 1407 trees) across the distribution of Scots pine in Europe and Asia. The markers revealed only a weak population structure in Central and Eastern Europe and suggested postglacial expansion to middle and northern latitudes from multiple sources. Major mitotype variants include the remnants of Scots pine at the north‐western extreme of the distribution in the Scottish Highlands; two main variants (western and central European) that contributed to the contemporary populations in Norway and Sweden; the central‐eastern European variant present in the Balkan region, Finland, and Russian Karelia; and a separate one common to most eastern European parts of Russia and western Siberia. We also observe signatures of a distinct refugium located in the northern parts of the Black Sea basin that contributed to the patterns of genetic variation observed in several populations in the Balkans, Ukraine, and western Russia. Some common haplotypes of putative ancient origin were shared among distant populations from Europe and Asia, including the most southern refugial stands that did not participate in postglacial recolonization of northern latitudes. The study indicates different genetic lineages of the species in Europe and provides a set of genetic markers for its finer‐scale population history and divergence inference.
Abstract This article adds to the literature interrogating existing hierarchies in global knowledge production by examining the dominant research on post-1989 Central and East European (CEE) environmentalism. Analyses of CEE environmentalism have predominantly relied on concepts and organizational models generated by research on environmental activism and politics conducted in Western contexts, resulting in negative assessments of CEE as lacking environmental engagement. This article proposes to re-think CEE environmentalism, arguing for a more positive perspective that takes into account the various traditional practices and informal outdoor and nature-based educational activities that have a long history in CEE. These originated to promote everyday pro-environmental behaviours that are motivated by a desire for authenticity, ethical living and personal integrity. While often overlooked by both Western and CEE observers alike, these forms of CEE environmentalism are strikingly compatible with the everyday material and ‘post-postmaterial’ environmentalism recently promoted by Western-based political theorists.
A central challenge of today's ecological research is predicting how ecosystems will develop under future global change. Accurate predictions are complicated by (a) simultaneous effects of different drivers, such as climate change, nitrogen deposition and management changes; and (b) legacy effects from previous land use. We tested whether herb layer biodiversity (i.e. richness, Shannon diversity and evenness) and functional (i.e. herb cover, specific leaf area [SLA] and plant height) responses to environmental change drivers depended on land‐use history. We used resurvey data from 192 plots across nineteen European temperate forest regions, with large spatial variability in environmental change factors. We tested for interactions between land‐use history, distinguishing ancient and recent (i.e. post‐agricultural) forests and four drivers: temperature, nitrogen deposition, and aridity at the regional scale and light dynamics at the plot‐scale. Land‐use history significantly modulated global change effects on the functional signature of the herb layer (i.e. cover, SLA and plant height). Light availability was the main environmental driver of change interacting with land‐use history. We found greater herb cover and plant height decreases and SLA increases with decreasing light availability in ancient than in recent forests. Furthermore, we found greater decreases in herb cover with increased nitrogen deposition in ancient forests, whereas warming had the strongest decreasing effect on the herb cover in recent forests. Interactive effects between land‐use history and global change on biodiversity were not found, but species evenness increased more in ancient than in recent forests. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that land‐use history should not be overlooked when predicting forest herb layer responses to global change. Moreover, we found that herb layer composition in semi‐natural deciduous forests is mainly controlled by local canopy characteristics, regulating light levels at the forest floor, and much less by environmental changes at the regional scale (here: warming, nitrogen deposition and aridity). The observed disconnect between biodiversity and functional herb layer responses to environmental changes demonstrates the importance of assessing both types of responses to increase our understanding of the possible impact of global change on the herb layer.
The mountainous region between the Caucasus and China is considered to be the center of domestication for grapevine. Despite the importance of Central Asia in the history of grape growing, information about the extent and distribution of grape genetic variation in this region is limited in comparison to wild and cultivated grapevines from around the Mediterranean basin. The principal goal of this work was to survey the genetic diversity and relationships among wild and cultivated grape germplasm from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean basin collectively to understand gene flow, possible domestication events and adaptive introgression. A total of 1378 wild and cultivated grapevines collected around the Mediterranean basin and from Central Asia were tested with a set of 20 nuclear SSR markers. Genetic data were analyzed (Cluster analysis, Principal Coordinate Analysis and STRUCTURE) to identify groups, and the results were validated by Nei’s genetic distance, pairwise FST analysis and assignment tests. All of these analyses identified three genetic groups: G1, wild accessions from Croatia, France, Italy and Spain; G2, wild accessions from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia; and G3, cultivars from Spain, France, Italy, Georgia, Iran, Pakistan and Turkmenistan, which included a small group of wild accessions from Georgia and Croatia. Wild accessions from Georgia clustered with cultivated grape from the same area (proles pontica), but also with Western Europe (proles occidentalis), supporting Georgia as the ancient center of grapevine domestication. In addition, cluster analysis indicated that Western European wild grapes grouped with cultivated grapes from the same area, suggesting that the cultivated proles occidentalis contributed more to the early development of wine grapes than the wild vines from Eastern Europe. The analysis of genetic relationships among the tested genotypes provided evidence of genetic relationships between wild and cultivated accessions in the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia. The genetic structure indicated a considerable amount of gene flow, which limited the differentiation between the two subspecies. The results also indicated that grapes with mixed ancestry occur in the regions where wild grapevines were domesticated.
This article examines descriptions of the wedding ceremony of Habsburg Archduchess Maria Amalia and Duke Ferdinand of Parma in 1769 and specifically analyzes the decision-making behind her marriage and the symbolism replete in her wedding ceremony. While scholarship on this Habsburg archduchess is extremely scarce and predominantly focuses on her later life as a ruling duchess in Parma, this article sheds light on an important moment in her life and one that had widespread political implications. Situating the marriage in the historical and political context of the eighteenth century, this article contends that Maria Amalia and Ferdinand’s alliance was made by Habsburgs as a part of mid-eighteenth-century “Diplomatic Revolution,” which aimed at repairing the relationship with Bourbons after the War of Austrian Succession. Hosted in the Duchy of Parma, a region which had been ceded to Bourbons from the Habsburgs in 1748, the wedding ceremony was marked by the high-profile and laudatory celebrations of the Bourbons, which contrasted with the humble and censored presence of the Habsburgs. This contrast reflected the larger political situation: Defeated by Bourbons in the War of Austrian Succession, Habsburgs’ prestige had plummeted dramatically since the mid-eighteenth century. They were not allowed to present themselves politically in their former territory. Hence what welcomed the Habsburg bride in Parma was a ceremony with strong militaristic features and full of Bourbon propaganda.
History of Central Europe, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová, Zdeněk Vytlačil, Lenka Kovačiková
et al.
Příspěvek souhrnně představuje a propojuje výsledky dosavadních izotopových studií populace Velké Moravy, především obyvatel mikulčické aglomerace, zaměřených na rekonstrukci stravy, migraci, ale i způsoby zemědělského hospodaření ve sledované oblasti. Interpretuje i doposud nepublikovaná data vypovídající o stravě jedinců pohřbených v interiérech mikulčických kostelů (n = 10) a o rezidenční mobilitě jedinců z Mikulčic se specifickými hrobovými přídavky (n = 33). Prezentuje i zpřesněné kvantitativní modely rekonstrukce stravy mikulčické populace s využitím dodatečně publikovaných dat obilek nalezených v různých částech mikulčické sídelní aglomerace. Závěrečná část se věnuje oblastem možného budoucího výzkumu.