Articolul abordează aspectele stilistice ale textelor de pe site-uri turistice, cu scopul de a analiza funcția persuasivă a elementelor lexicale precum metafora, epitetul și comparația. Scopul cercetării constă în identificarea strategiilor de traducere care permit păstrarea expresivității și a impactului emoțional al textului-sursă în limba-țintă. Cercetarea de monstrează că utilizarea frecventă a adjectivelor evaluative, a superlativelor și a figurilor de stil intensifică impactul emoțional asupra cititorului, contribuind la construirea unei imagini pozitive și memorabile a destinației promovate. Ipoteza studiului pornește de la ideea că traducerea comunicativă, conform abordării lui Peter Newmark, facilitează obținerea unui efect pragmatic și estetic echivalent. Analiza corpusului de texte turistice demonstrează că utilizarea strategiilor precum reproducerea imaginii metaforice, echivalența culturală și compensarea contribuie la menținerea funcției persuasive a textelor localizate. Rezultatele obținute validează ipoteza formulată și subliniază importanța păstrării expresivității în procesul de traducere a textului turistic, esențială pentru menținerea atractivității ofertei turistice.
Cuvinte-cheie: turism, stilistică, metaforă, epitet, comparație, traducere comunicativă, echivalență culturală
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum10(220)2025_13
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Exchange rate volatility can have socioeconomic challenges and a significant impact on export diversification of major global economies. The main objective of this article is to assess the symmetric and asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on Algerian export diversification. For this purpose, the autoregressive linear and nonlinear distributed lag (ARDL) model and annual data for the period 1990-2023 were used.The empirical findings using the estimation for time series data reveal that the volatility of the exchange rate has a symmetric effect on export diversification. The results revealed the presence of cointegration between the variables. The relationship between exchange rate volatility and export diversification in Algeria is positive and symmetric, which is contrary to conventional wisdom, as both currency depreciation and appreciation were found to boost diversification. Economic openness and GDP per capita significantly promote diversification, while investment and infrastructure surprisingly hinder it. Inflation also has an unexpected positive effect. The model adjusts quickly to equilibrium, though short-run results show mixed results. Diagnostic tests confirm robustness, except for serial correlation, corrected via Newey-West standard errors. This article suggests that policy makers should adopt different policies to address socio-economic challenges and keep the exchange rate stable in order to promote export diversification.
Sociology (General), Economic history and conditions
Ralph Huits, Dora Buonfrate, Kevin O'Laughlin
et al.
Background: The global resurgence of measles is a threat to measles elimination campaigns. Measles importations by international travelers have been identified as a risk factor for outbreaks. Methods: We reviewed measles cases among international travelers and migrants reported to the GeoSentinel network. Results: From May 2019 through June 2025, GeoSentinel recorded 53 measles cases among travelers imported into 15 different countries. Travelers of all age groups were affected, and 74 % were 21 years or older. Thirty-three travelers (61 %) were hospitalized. Seventy-nine percent of cases reported no or unknown history of vaccination against measles. Conclusions: Against a background of increasing numbers of measles cases and outbreaks globally, GeoSentinel observed a stable trend of measles importations by international travelers. Measles caused considerable morbidity among travelers. Immunization effectively prevents measles in more than 97 % of individuals. Pretravel consultations provide an important opportunity to promote vaccination coverage for all vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles.
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases
The probability of detecting technosignatures (i.e., evidence of technological activity beyond Earth) increases with their longevity, or the time interval over which they manifest. Therefore, the assumed distribution of longevities has some bearing on the chances of success of technosignature searches, as well as on the inferred age of technosignatures following a first contact. Here, we investigate the possibility that the longevity of technosignatures conforms to the so-called Lindy’s law, whereby, at any time, their remaining life expectancy is roughly proportional to their age. We show that, if Lindy’s law applies, the general tenet that the first detected technosignature ought to be very long lived may be overruled. We conclude by discussing the number of emitters that had to appear, over the history of the Galaxy, in order for one of them to be detectable today from Earth.
Holly K. Kindsvater, Maria‐José Juan‐Jordá, Nicholas K. Dulvy
et al.
Abstract Understanding how growth and reproduction will adapt to changing environmental conditions is a fundamental question in evolutionary ecology, but predicting the responses of specific taxa is challenging. Analyses of the physiological effects of climate change upon life history evolution rarely consider alternative hypothesized mechanisms, such as size‐dependent foraging and the risk of predation, simultaneously shaping optimal growth patterns. To test for interactions between these mechanisms, we embedded a state‐dependent energetic model in an ecosystem size‐spectrum to ask whether prey availability (foraging) and risk of predation experienced by individual fish can explain observed diversity in life histories of fishes. We found that asymptotic growth emerged from size‐based foraging and reproductive and mortality patterns in the context of ecosystem food web interactions. While more productive ecosystems led to larger body sizes, the effects of temperature on metabolic costs had only small effects on size. To validate our model, we ran it for abiotic scenarios corresponding to the ecological lifestyles of three tuna species, considering environments that included seasonal variation in temperature. We successfully predicted realistic patterns of growth, reproduction, and mortality of all three tuna species. We found that individuals grew larger when environmental conditions varied seasonally, and spawning was restricted to part of the year (corresponding to their migration from temperate to tropical waters). Growing larger was advantageous because foraging and spawning opportunities were seasonally constrained. This mechanism could explain the evolution of gigantism in temperate tunas. Our approach addresses variation in food availability and individual risk as well as metabolic processes and offers a promising approach to understand fish life‐history responses to changing ocean conditions.
Till Koebe, Zinnya del Villar, Brahmani Nutakki
et al.
Abstract Child pornography—better known as child sexual abuse material (CSAM)—represents a severe form of exploitation and victimization of children, leaving the victims with emotional and physical trauma. In this study, we aim to analyze local patterns of CSAM consumption across 1341 French communes in 20 metropolitan regions of France between March 16 to May 31, 2019 using fine-grained mobile traffic data of Tor network-related web services. We estimate that approx. 0.08% of Tor mobile download traffic observed in France is linked to the consumption of CSAM by correlating it with local-level temporal porn consumption patterns. This compares to 0.19% of what we conservatively estimate to be the share of CSAM content in global Tor traffic. In line with existing literature on the link between sexual child abuse and the consumption of image-based content thereof, we observe a positive and statistically significant effect of our CSAM consumption estimates on the reported number of victims of sexual violence and vice versa, which validates our findings, after controlling for a set of geographically disaggregated features including socio-demographic characteristics, voting behavior, nearby points of interest and Google Trends queries. While this is a first, exploratory attempt to look at CSAM from a spatial epidemiological angle, we believe this research provides public health officials with valuable information to prioritize target areas for public awareness campaigns as another step to fulfill the global community’s pledge to target 16.2 of the sustainable development goals: “end abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence and torture against children".
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin çok partili hayata geçmesiyle birlikte kurulan Demokrat Parti’nin iktidara gelmesinde basın büyük bir rol oynadı. Bunun farkında olan Demokrat Parti liderleri, basının bu desteğine karşılık, basına özgürlükler tanıyan bazı düzenlemeler getirdi. Fakat zaman içerisinde Demokrat Parti’nin gerek ekonomik gerekse diğer alanlarda bazı olumsuz politikalar uygulamaları haliyle basının iktidara karşı tepki göstermesine neden oldu. Buna karşılık iktidar, basının bu tepkisini bazı yöntemlerle engellemeye çalıştı. Lakin bu durum, 27 Mayıs askeri darbesi sonucunda iktidarın düşürülmesine neden olan sebeplerden biri oldu. 27 Mayıs darbesinden sonra basının önemli bir kısmı, darbeci güçlerin yanında yer aldı. Darbenin gerçekleştiği ilk günden itibaren gazetelerin manşetlerinde 27 Mayısı öven haberlere yer verilirken Demokrat Parti’yi itham edici haberlerden de çekinilmedi. Özellikle Yassıada mahkemelerinin devam ettiği günlerde Yassıada’da devam eden davalara gazete sayfalarında geniş yerler verilerek halkın dikkatleri bu yöne çekildi. Basının siyasi anlamda önemli bir güç olduğunun farkında olan Milli Birlik Komitesi döneminde basına özgürlük tanıyan birtakım düzenlemeler yapıldı. Basın mensupları ile işverenler arasında basın çalışanlarının haklarını koruyan kanunlar çıkarıldı. Ayrıca 1961 anayasasında basınla ilgili bazı hükümlere yer verildi.
Bu makalede, 27 Mayıs askeri darbesinden sonra Türkiye’de basının darbeye, yeni iktidar çevrelerine ve devrilen Menderes hükümetine yönelik izlediği tavırlar ve yeni iktidar çevrelerinin basınla ilgili hayata geçirdiği düzenlemeler incelenecektir.
El delito de sedición se encuentra hoy en el punto de mira de juristas y políticos. Se dice que su regulación actual es deudora, en gran medida, de su origen decimonónico y de haber sido tratada como una rebelión de consecuencias menos graves. Si indagamos en su devenir legal, desde los primeros códigos penales, y en las cuestiones que ya se planteaban los juristas que los estudiaron, quizá estemos en situación de discernir cuándo las afirmaciones que se hacen en la actualidad sobre este delito responden a la realidad o son más bien consecuencia de conveniencias políticas coyunturales. Lo que no hay duda es que estamos ante uno de los temas en los que se hace patente con más intensidad la utilidad del estudio de nuestro pasado jurídico.
Countries in Southeast Asia have a unique and diverse culture due to its varied ethnic groups having different traditions and beliefs. The process of manufacturing building materials such as brick masonry is one aspect where this distinctiveness is manifested. This study provides a general analytical chemistry method that will estimate the original firing temperature of a historical brick material from a convent in Milaor, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Different instrumental techniques were utilized namely the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). From these techniques, the chemical and mineralogical composition of the brick was reported. The clay mixture used in the production of the brick is known to be non-calcareous and low refractory, that was fired in an oxidizing atmosphere. The brick’s microstructure is classified within the initial vitrification stage based on the features of the mineral transformations. The results of this study point to an estimated firing temperature range of 650°C to 850°C. An emphasis on the importance of chemical analysis in studying cultural heritage materials in the Southeast Asian region is also highlighted on this paper.
Ang mga bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya ay may natatangi at magkakaibang kultura sanhi ng iba’t ibang mga pangkat etniko na may magkakaibang tradisyon at paniniwala. Ang pamamaraan ng paggawa sa mga materyales ng lumang gusali tulad ng ladrilyo ay isang aspeto kung saan naipapamalas ang pagkakaiba-iba nito. Ang pagaaral na ito ay nagbibigay ng isang pangkalahatang pamamaraan ng mapanuring-kimika para tantyahin ang orihinal na temperatura ng paggawa sa lumang ladrilyo mula sa isang kumbento ng Milaor, Camarines Sur, Pilipinas. Iba’t ibang mga instrumento ang ginamit tulad ng Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy at ang Scanning Electron Microscopy na nakakabit sa Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Mula sa mga intrumentong ito, ang kemikal at mineral na komposisyon ng ladrilyo ay iniulat. Ang mga pinaghalong luad na ginamit sa paggawa ng ladrilyo ay masaasabing hindi gaanong madami ang bilang ng kalsiyo at mababang refractory, na sinunog sa isang kapaligiran na sagana sa hangin. Ang mga pinaka-maliliit na istruktura ng ladrilyo ay masasabing nasa paunang yugto ng pagtunaw ng mga mineral sa luad, batay sa mga pagbabagong anyo ng mga ito. Sa mga resulta ng pagaaral, masasabi na ang tantyang temperatura ng pagsunog ay nasa 650°C hanggang 850°C. Binibigyan ng diin ang kahalagahan ng pagsusuri ng kimika sa pagaaral ng mga materyales na pamanang kultura sa rehiyon ng Timog-Silangang Asya ay naitala din sa pagaaral na ito.
Since 1978, the poor population in China has shrunk by almost 500 million and the proportion of malnourished people, about 25% in 1992, has fallen to 10% in 2012-2014. However, not everyone benefited from this extraordinary economic performance. In saying “let some people get rich before the others”, the post-Mao leadership promoted a model of development that accepted both the disparities between different groups and the marginalization of the most vulnerable people. Among the latter, women are the majority because the programs implemented to fight poverty underestimated gender specificities.
Tâmara Prado Morais, Carlos Alberto Lopes, Nilvanira Donizete Tebaldi
et al.
Ralstonia solanacearum is a gram-negative soil-borne bacterium capable of infection of hundreds of vegetable species over more than 50 botanical families, causing bacterial wilt, except for bananas, when the disease is called Moko. It deserves special attention, from all other plant pathogenic bacteria, for its high phenotypic and genotypic plasticity, a characteristic that makes disease control extremely difficult. In this context, frequent and necessary surveys are conduct in the attempt of characterizing the prevailing strains of R. solanacearum in each region where the disease has been reported. However, knowledge about occurrence and diversity of R. solanacearum in Brazil is fragmented and in some cases, based on inconclusive studies with few strains, little representative of a given region. The need to obtain a greater picture guided this review. The occurrence of this bacterium in Brazilian States and the possible causes for its dissemination are presented, with emphasis on studies of genetic variability of populations of R. solanacearum in the country. The compiled results report a wide distribution of the bacterium in Brazil and great variability of its populations among locations. Partly due to the difficulty of detecting small titer of bacteria in samples, paucity of information about the origin of inoculum in certain regions is observed, as well as the need for detecting the presence of the pathogen in asymptomatic plants, potato tubers with latent infections, soil, and water, which are the major causes of bacterial dissemination into areas without any disease history.
This article reviews general information about cavernous malformations, including histology, radiology, epidemiology, and symptomatology. Rates of hemorrhage as reported in the literature are presented. Familial cavernous malformations and their genetic basis are discussed. Finally, the variations in the biological behavior of cavernous malformations in different regions of the central nervous system are discussed and outcomes are assessed.