Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Sérgio Copetti Callai, Manuel De Rose, Beate Altreuther et al.

Road traffic noise is a significant environmental issue in urban areas with major health and economic implications for communities. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of tire/road noise mechanism is crucial for road pavement engineering. This study evaluates the noise behaviour of six innovative microsurfacing mixtures incorporating natural and artificial aggregates (geopolymers and crumb rubber) with varying particle size distributions and binders. A 2D laser analysis aims at collecting surface texture indicators, while noise-related indicators were derived according to ISO 10844 standards. Noise levels were predicted using the SPERoN® model (statistical physical explanation of rolling noise), analysing the vibro-dynamic and the aerodynamic contributions separately. Correlations between tire/road noise levels predicted by the model and surface texture indicators elucidate the key factors influencing noise generation mechanism. The findings indicate that lower nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) and uniformly shaped artificial aggregates substantially mitigate rolling noise. Moreover, profiles with negative skewness and positive kurtosis exhibit reduced noise generation. The study highlights the limitations of traditional indicators like the estimated noise difference due to texture (ENDT) and highlights the g-factor from the Abbott curve as a more reliable predictor of pavement noise properties. These findings provide valuable insights for designing low-noise pavements with enhanced performance, offering new perspectives on the noise behaviour and acoustic properties of microsurfacing.

Martynas Karbočius, Audrius Vaitkus, Arnoldas Norkus

This study investigates the seasonal structural behaviour of flexible pavement structures constructed on subgrades with varying types of treatment. Eight road sections in Lithuania, featuring natural subgrades or soils stabilised with lime, cement, or hydraulic road binder (HRB), were evaluated using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing during thawed and recovered states. Structural condition was assessed using deflection-based indices: the Surface Curvature Index (SCI), Base Damage Index (BDI), and Base Curvature Index (BCI). Seasonal changes were quantified, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were applied to assess the statistical significance of deflection differences. The results revealed that the untreated subgrades experienced the largest seasonal softening, with BCI increases of up to 45%. Cement stabilization provided the most effective mitigation, limiting the BCI to 14% and preserving the stability of SCI. Lime-treated sections showed a dosage-dependent improvement, while HRB treatment yielded results comparable to high-percentage lime stabilisation. The study confirms that the type and dosage of subgrade treatment significantly influence pavement resistance under freeze-thaw conditions and highlights the importance of evaluating the geometry of the deflection bowl to correctly interpret structural indicators. These findings contribute to improved mechanistic understanding of seasonal load response in flexible pavements and inform best practices for subgrade stabilisation.

Peilong Li, Lei Yue, Zhan Ding et al.

The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the research progress of bio-oil properties and hot rejuvenation behavior and mechanism to aged asphalt. The preparation process, composition characteristics of bio-oils and their component correspondence with petroleum asphalt were compared. The diffusion and fusion effects of various bio-oils in aged asphalt were introduced. Bio-oil cannot be used as a direct alternative of petroleum asphalt, but it has the potential to effectively rejuvenate aged asphalt binders due to the component similarity with petroleum asphalt and good diffusion properties. For the asphalt rejuvenation, the functionalization treatment methods of bio-oil were discussed such as purification, composition modification and component conversion. The active groups and derivatives in bio-oil can be converted into the missing components of the aged binder through phenolate, grafting, polycondensation, resinifying, but the conversion process and mechanism are still unclear. From the perspectives of diffusion behavior, components regulation, dissolving asphaltene and micro-rejuvenation effect, the rejuvenation behavior and mechanism of bio-oil on aged asphalt were elaborated, and the effects of various types of bio-oil and aged asphalt on rejuvenation behavior were analyzed. The preparation process and dosage of bio-rejuvenator were summarized. The rejuvenation effects of bio-oil on aged asphalt were comprehensively investigated from the aspects of high and low temperature performances, rheological properties, microstructure and chemical composition of bio-rejuvenated asphalt binders. Finally, the limitations of bio-oil used as asphalt rejuvenators were discussed, and future research directions were prospected, which can provide reference and theoretical basis for the development of high-performance bio-oil rejuvenating agents and the engineering application of bio-oil to improve the properties of aged asphalt materials.

Bohdan Stasiuk, Oleksandr Pyna, Olha Belenchuk et al.

Introduction. Ensuring road safety is one of the foremost tasks in any country with vehicular traffic. Despite significant efforts made to improve road safety in Ukraine and globally, the issue of traffic accidents is still relevant. Problem statement. Given the relatively high level of mortality due to accidents, Ukraine needs to ensure highly qualified management of road safety, which requires an integrated approach and consideration of various aspects, including legislation, infrastructure, vehicles and road user’s behavior. Purpose. Ensuring road safety, reducing the severity of the consequences of traffic accidents and providing comfortable travel conditions for road users. Materials and methods. Current legislative acts and regulatory documents regarding the identification of places (areas) of concentration of traffic accidents, as well as statistical information on the number of such places (areas) were analyzed. Results. It has been established that the implementation of a new criterion for identifying the places (areas) of the concentration of traffic accidents is justified and indicates a systematic approach to road safety management.

Alicja Sołowczuk, Weronika Benedysiuk

Abstract: With ever-increasing motorisation and the desire for greater traffic safety, conventional roundabouts and turbo roundabouts are being designed. Turbo roundabouts provide greater traffic safety than conventional roundabouts due to the segregation of traffic at the entries and on the roadway. In the design of a turbo roundabout, the usual roundabout principles recommended in Dutch guidelines can be applied. However, these apply when the roundabout entrances are directed perpendicularly to each other, which is not always possible. This paper undertakes an analysis of the traffic flow on a Basic turbo roundabout with curvilinear entries directed at an angle other than a right angle to each other. A junction in a built-up area located on the outskirts of Szczecin was selected for analysis as a case study. In the first phase of the turbo roundabout design, the recommended roundabout parameters given in the Dutch guidelines were adopted for a roundabout with a 0.7 m wide separation lane. After preliminary swept path analysis of the accepted design vehicles, it became necessary to design the entries individually due to their curvilinear nature and angle. The analysis of the swept paths provision at the Basic turbo roundabout with a non-standard orientation of the curvilinear entries shows that wider lanes and larger corner radius than recommended in the Dutch guidelines should be used. Higher angle splitter island should also be considered. Keywords: Turbo-roundabout; Raised lane dividers; Swept path analysis; Curvilinear entries; Fastest-path speeds

Anatolii Tsynka, Serhii Illiash, Tetyana Tereshchenko et al.

Introduction. In the introduction to the paper, the effect of deformation behavior of unbound granular mixtures (UGMs), when used in an unbound base layer, on the construction of the flexible road pavement was outlined. Problem statement. The issues of the paper concern the problems related to the unstable deformation behavior of UGMs in unbound base/subbase layers during flexible road pavement designing and maintenance. Purpose. The main goal of the paper is to perform an analytical review of methods for testing and modeling of deformation behavior of UGMs. The results of the analytical review are intended to be used during implementation of a national standard concerning the method of testing of unbound granular mixtures by the triaxial cyclic loading identical to the related European standard. Results. The analytical reviewing led to the following results: it was revealed that at each stress level the most stable conditions are ensured to each UGM in its post-compaction period when the rate of accumulated permanent strains becomes negligible and the plot of permanent strain versus the number of loading cycles takes an asymptotic form;

Artem Bezuglyi, Viktor Komar

The objective of the study consists a scientific substantiation of the need to improve the management of dual education of students in the road sector on the basis of a student-centered model of self-management of learning. The article analyzes the implementation of the concept of training students in the dual form of education in higher education institutions. For this purpose, the author makes a theoretical compilation of dual education, analyzes the latest publications on the topic of research, provides a description of the road sector, highlights the beginning and stages of evolution of the dual form of education, and summarizes the experience of its implementation in higher education institutions and road sector enterprises. This allowed us to move on to defining the essence and features of the student-centered approach and the possibility of its use in dual education. To this end, the purpose, main tasks, principles and unresolved issues of dual education development in the context of the introduction of a student-centered model of self-management of learning are defined. The prospects of using a student-centered model of self-management in dual education are proved, according to which the key knowledge, skills and abilities that a student must be able to acquire to ensure that they meet their own needs and interests, in providing opportunities for the formation of an individual educational way.

S. Loganayagan

Abstract. Due to the large number of infrastructure projects taking place in rural and urban areas there has been a shortage of building materials. The road industry is looking at ways to improve low-quality materials that are easily accessible for use in road construction. Cement / lime treatment has become an acceptable way to increase soil strength and consistency with moderate proportions, to reduce the number of compounds. The Indian roads congress (IRC) has developed a special edition for the mixed construction of the base / ground floor. There is no design guide currently available for the under the cement base. To overcome this problem, the aim of the current project is to create a chart of the paved area using concrete and limestone on rural and urban roads with small and medium vehicles. It not only saves money but also helps to increase the life cycle of roads. At the base of the road, there are different soils or granite materials available for construction, but they may indicate insufficient structures and lead to significant road stress and reduced life. However, the addition of a stabilizing agent such as cement, asphalt, lime or other non-traditional materials can improve soil properties. Among these various stable materials, cemented materials improve strength and high strength, and demonstrate the excellent performance of the paved system and high durability. Solid foundations can provide inexpensive solutions to many common designs and building conditions. Cement Treated Sub Base (CTSB) is a common method used on road foundations to improve its engineering properties due to the durability of cement where moisture is present and extends the healing time. The bonded base material provides additional strength and support without increasing the overall thickness of the mortar layers. Depending on the needs of the project, CTB increases construction speed, improves the capacity of the pavement structure, or in some cases reduces the full-time project. In addition, a strong foundation reduces deviation due to heavy traffic loads, thereby extending the life of the pavement. CTB base thickness is reduced due to higher carrying capacity compared to granular base thickness.

Huailei Cheng, Lijun Sun, Yuhong Wang et al.

Summary: Fatigue performance evaluation on asphalt mixture provides an essential reference for asphalt mixture design and pavement structure design. Laboratory fatigue test has been widely used by researchers and engineers to assess the fatigue performance of asphalt mixture, due to its low cost, high efficiency, and strong operability. To ensure performance assessment reliability, fatigue test operated in the laboratory needs to simulate the loading and environmental conditions occurring in the field asphalt layer. As a result, loading setups in laboratory fatigue tests, including loading mode, loading frequency, loading waveform, temperature, and the controlled mode, have been carefully devised by researchers. This paper reviews the above common setups in fatigue tests, which aims to illustrate the classical and latest considerations as well as ideas proposed by researchers for improving fatigue test procedures. As fatigue response data of asphalt mixture is measured from fatigue test, an analysis method is required to process the data and identify fatigue behaviors of the material. Presently, the frequently-used fatigue data analysis methods include the fatigue life model, stiffness-modulus-based method, energy-based method, and viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) method. This paper also provides a review survey on the main concepts, indicators, and models included in those methods to facilitate their applications. Meanwhile, the latest research progress and outputs related to the four methods are also introduced and discussed to reveal the state-of-the-art developments in this research area.

Mariusz Korzeń, Wojciech Szczepanek

water tram in Wrocław as a new means of transport that can improve traffic in the city. Examples of the functioning water tram networks in Krakow, Geneva and Hamburg are presented. The existing condition of the Wrocław Water Junction was also analyzed, including the limitations related to the measles channeling in the area of the entire junction. The possible route of the routes was presented, taking into account possible limitations. The whole thing ended with a summary and conclusions. Keywords: Water tram; Wrocław Water Junction; Collective transport

Yuhong Wang, Siqi Jia, Zhe Wang et al.

The world is experiencing a rapid loss in the biodiversity of pollinator insects. Habitat segmentation caused by infrastructures is one of the contributing factors. To improve the habitat connectivity of pollinator insects, it is proposed in this study to build green corridors for pollinators over linear infrastructures such as highways. In the context of suburban areas of a large city, this study examines differences in air parameters between natural environments and a roadside environment based on monitored and estimated data. Influences of different green corridor designs on floral scent dispersion are also investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation. It is found that, if flower plants are installed on highway overpasses, the floral scents would be better preserved as compared with those in a natural environment due to the lower concentrations of oxidative radicals in the air above highways. The stronger floral scents and their wider dispersion may help attract pollinators. Conversely, highway air contains a variety of volatine organic compounds (VOCs) that are traced to highway operations and pavements. Hence, the overall profile of VOCs in a highway environment differs from that in a natural environment. Results from CFD modeling and simulation suggest that the use of green corridors planted with flowers on the highway overpass can greatly improve the connectivity of floral scents. Hence, with proper engineering design and right combination of plant species, green corridors built on highway overpasses have the potential to facilitate pollinators to cross the road, thereby improving their habitat connectivity and resilience against declining biodiversity.

Hao Zhang, Hui Li

Z. Liu

A new asphalt binder for road applications was prepared by mixing coal tar pitch and petroleum asphalt, and then modifying with compound modifier which was made by ourselves. Coal tar pitch and petroleum asphalt was 1:1 for weight. The modifier was made with epoxy resin, chopped carbon fiber which was modified by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) and other auxiliaries. According to “Standard Test Methods of Bitument and Bituminous Mixture for Highway Engineering” JTG E20-2011, the properties of the modified asphalt (MA) were studied, and the best modification technology was mechanical shear of 3000r/min shear rate for 30mins at 110 °C, the amount of modifier was 5%. The properties of MA mixture were also researched, the performance of AC-20 mixture can meet the JTG F40-2004 “Specification for construction of highway asphalt pavement” in the relevant requirements. The oil-stone ratio was 4.7%. The requirement of dynamic stability was ≥ 800n/mm, the wheel tracking test showed the MA mixture exhibited a value of 1323n/mm, which meet the requirement. The MA mixture low-temperature property was studied by the beam bending test, the results indicated a higher value than the AH-70 mixture standard. The Freeze-thaw split test demonstrated the MA mixture water stability meet the requirement for asphalt. In all, a new asphalt binder for road applications was obtained by mixing coal tar pitch and petroleum asphalt, its properties meet the standard of AH-70 and its mixture. The modifier was added for 5% and the effect was best.

Xu Liang, Y. Meng, Gao-jie Du et al.

Roadbed pavement drainage design is an important part of road design, and subsurface drainage design is another difficult part of the whole drainage design. In this paper, the engineering example of mountainous highway is used to numerically simulate the actual highway seepage field by SEEP/W software for the concealed drainage design problem of highway roadbed based on unsaturated soil theory. Simulation results show that plastic blind trench has better drainage collection capacity than gravel blind trench. In highway engineering, plastic blind trench can be used as a kind of concealed drainage facility for roadbed with excellent performance.

I. Odenbah

this article discusses some new modern technologies in the construction of highways. The paper analyzes the use of such innovations as: various modifiers added to bitumen; advanced technologies of engineering surveys and computer-aided design of highways; geosynthetic materials for reinforcing the roadbed and asphalt concrete pavement; PBB; bituminous polymer road belts; geotextile; foam-glass rubble; rubber crumb. The advantages of using innovations in road construction are highlighted. Obstacles to the use of certain technologies are noted, taking into account the Russian reality. The author concludes that the use of innovative materials becomes economically justified at the stage of construction and subsequent operation of the road surface. New technologies can not only improve the quality of roads, but also improve road safety. Innovations lead to progressive changes and ensure the dynamic development of the construction industry, primarily by reducing the cost and timing of construction, improving the quality of constructed facilities, and improving the comfort of living and operation. The paper discusses classical methods for the design works of the foundation and the GM made a review of modern structures and technologies on their device. In order to assess the possibility of using linear calculation for sheet piling fences, deep pit modeling was performed in the SCAD and PLAXIS software systems. The results of the work are the following conclusions: 1. the method of increasing the efficiency of technologies at the device walling of the pit is proposed; 2. a finite element model of soil and GM collaboration was created. To evaluate the effectiveness of the options, we used decision-making methods based on optimization criteria, taking into account the degree of risks involved in the work. It is established that the necessary factor is the geotechnical support of technological impacts, which allows monitoring of works on the degree of safety and impact on highways.

A. Garg, P. Somani, A. Gaur et al.

Globally, as the users are increasing, there is a vital competition in Industries to make their products Cheaper, more durable, attractive and easily transportable. For these qualities most of the Industries are using plastics without considering its hazardous nature to the Environment and human beings. Different Types of plastics such as polyethelyene of High and Low density, polypropylene and other polymers are widely used in our daily consumable things such as water bottles, cups, rappers of food, carriage bags, and single used containers. So much use of plastics generates a huge waste worldwide. As this waste is non biodegradable in nature, it is a long lasting headache to avoid its hazardous impacts to ruined human health and degraded Environment. A lot of studies are going on efficient utilization of this waste to convert it into wealth. Highway industry has a big range for different material uses so it can be a smart way to use this waste into the construction of Highways. Studies on properties of plastics gives hint of its long lasting property which can be taken as durability on a positive Note and its presence in oceans from thousands of years shows that even water is impact less on this material which can prove a extraordinary property for Roads. Further on Investigation it was found that optimum percentage of this waste plastics in a particular form can be used for modifying the properties of Bitumen which is known as polymer modified Bitumen. For checking adequacy of required properties of Bitumen that modified bitumen is used in a layer of flexible pavement construction. In this research waste polymer is replaced by bitumen in variation from 2 to 10% at interval of 2% in dense Bituminous Macadam layer of flexible pavement. Marshall Stability test is performed to examine the strength and flow parameter to obtain the optimum doses waste polymer. It has been observed that 4 and 6 % of waste plastic in mix shows better results of Marshall Test as compare to conventional mix.

A. Sukhorukov

In the first quarter of the 21st century, Russia will face the need to develop the southern latitudinal belt and form a new northern latitudinal belt of Russia’s economic development in Siberia. At the same time, specialists from the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences predict the possibility of strengthening the single economic space of the state, relying not only on raw materials, but also on the transport and logistics opportunities that open up when servicing transport corridors. The development of the road network of the northern latitudinal belt of economic development requires taking into account the features of the geocomplex elements when designing roads in the territory of the second climatic zone of Western Siberia. The article presents the structure of research aimed at studying the relations and patterns that determine the systemic relationship between the components of the «highway – environment» system in economically promising areas of Western Siberia. The research structure is based on the systems approach and includes two main blocks – theoretical and experimental ones, as well as their elements and internal and external relations. The study gives the detailed examination of such issues as organization and performance of experimental part of research on studying composition and properties of clay soils. The main outcomes of field and laboratory studies are shown. The dependences of variations of elastic modulus, angle of internal friction, and specific adhesion of clay soils on their relative humidity are established. Deviations are determined between the values of soil characteristics calculated from these dependences and the values presented in Industry Road Code 218.046-01 (preliminary national standard PNST 265-2018). The article is prepared on the basis of the author’s PhD dissertation research on the topic of «Justification of regional calculated values of clay soil characteristics for the road pavement design in Western Siberia» (STU, Novosibirsk, 2017).

Wang Li

Ilze Paeglite, Juris Smirnovs, Ainars Paeglitis

Dynamic properties of the bridge superstructure vary depending on many characteristics of the bridge and the loading conditions. In this paper, maximum Dynamic Amplification Factor was calculated for six different types of typical pre-stressed concrete beam bridges. It showed that each type of bridge with similar loading has a different range of Dynamic Amplification Factor. At the same time, every recently built bridge has different geometry and design load. Hence, it is difficult to determine a characteristic value of Dynamic Amplification Factor for the similar type of structures. By using fullscale dynamic and static bridge tests, it is possible to determine the necessary characteristics which show possibly high Dynamic Amplification Factor. This factor indicates if it is necessary to make a full-scale bridge dynamic analysis. It was found that those characteristics are natural frequency (first mode), damping ratio, relative deflection, and span and depth ratio. Obtained results from tests show a range of values for each of the characteristic. These ranges were analysed for reinforced concrete slab and pre-stressed concrete slab, and girder bridges.