Hasil untuk "Geology"

Abdelmoula Seqqam, Meryam Touirsi, Saliha Najib et al.

Growing water scarcity, driven by climate change, population growth, and expanding human activities, poses a critical challenge to arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. In Morocco, the Khouribga region illustrates this stress, where limited recharge, recurrent droughts, and intensive groundwater abstraction threaten long-term water security. To address these pressures, this study applied an integrated framework combining remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to delineate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). Eight hydrogeological parameters, namely rainfall, lithology, slope, lineament density, drainage density, land use and land cover, distance to rivers, and potential evapotranspiration, were weighted through AHP and integrated using the Weighted Linear Combination method. The resulting map shows low (24.97 %), moderate (49.94 %), high (24.81 %) and very high (0.25 %) potential areas. Validation with 72 wells and boreholes achieved 83.33 % concordance and R2 = 0.75, confirming model reliability. High-potential sectors in the north and northeast of Boujaad reflect favorable geological structures, fracture networks, and precipitation patterns. The results offer a practical basis for targeting drilling, designing artificial recharge systems, and protecting infiltration areas. Future work should incorporate higher-resolution hydrogeological data, extended climate series, and machine learning approaches to improve predictive performance and adaptability in other semi-arid contexts.

Mahir Tajwar, Mahfuzur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan et al.

Groundwater quality is under increasing threat in rapidly urbanizing Southeast Asian megacities, where unregulated expansion and industrial activity are altering subsurface geochemical conditions. In Dhaka, Bangladesh, groundwater serves as a crucial source of potable water for millions, necessitating rigorous assessment of its suitability for human and agricultural use. This research seeks to comprehensively assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater, evaluating its suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes using a combined approach of geochemical methods, multivariate statistical analyses, and geospatial techniques. The hydrogeochemical analysis of 15 groundwater samples revealed a cation order of Ca2 + > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and an anion order of HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. The primary objective of this research is to assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of shallow groundwater in Dhaka using a combination of graphical techniques, multivariate statistical analyses, and water quality indices. Fifteen groundwater samples were collected during the dry season and analyzed for major cations and anions. Piper, Gibbs, Durov, and Stiff diagrams were employed to identify dominant processes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were used to distinguish geogenic and anthropogenic influences. Results revealed that groundwater is dominated by the calcium bicarbonate type, with cation order Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ and anion order HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻. Cation exchange and silicate weathering were identified as the significant processes influencing water chemistry. PCA revealed that three principal components accounted for 86.4 % of the variance, indicating the influence of both natural mineral dissolution and localized anthropogenic inputs. According to the Water Quality Index (WQI), 5 samples were excellent, 6 were good, and 4 were poor for drinking purposes. All samples were suitable for irrigation based on SAR, RSC, SSP, EC, and TDS values. These findings provide a robust baseline for groundwater quality monitoring in Dhaka and similar urban areas. The integrated methodology can guide policy decisions on water resource protection and help communities prioritize safe groundwater use for both domestic and agricultural needs. The study offers valuable information for assessing water quality, monitoring contamination risks, and developing groundwater management strategies, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions of Southeast Asia.

Dora Katsonopoulou, Ioannis Koukouvelas

Human habitat is much controlled by the landscape and its ongoing processes overtime. Some of these processes occur instantaneously and are often triggered by seismic events with a major destructive impact on the human-built environment. Helike, on the southwest shore of the Gulf of Corinth, is a characteristic case of an ancient habitation site bearing witness to repetitious natural disasters from the Early Bronze Age to the Late Antiquity. The Late Classical-Hellenistic site, revived in the Helike plain after the 373 BC earthquake, has been systematically investigated thanks to the multidisciplinary research and excavations of the Helike Project in the last 35 years. This work has significantly enriched the historical seismicity of the region and shed light on past human-environment relationships. The study of the architectural remains excavated by the Helike Project, coupled with geological and soil micromorphological analysis on archaeological soils and sediments of the settlement, demonstrates a constant effort of the Helike people to reconcile with the elements of nature. Our results underline the destruction of a flourishing textile dyeworks operated at the settlement, due to a strong earthquake which triggered extensive morphological changes in a broader area. These changes include co-seismic liquefaction and lateral spreading, and post-seismic changes in the gradient of river channels. The former changes attest to an uplift in the headwater area and subsidence in the lowland plain of the ravine flowing near the ancient site.

Yajie Weng, Junjie Zheng, Hanjiang Lai et al.

Calcium salt is an important contributing factor for calcium-based biomineralization. To study the effect of calcium salt on soil biomineralization using crude soybean urease, the calcium salts, including the calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium acetate ((CH3COO)2Ca) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), were used to prepare the biotreatment solution to carry out the biomineralization tests in this paper. Two series of biomineralization tests in solution and sand column, respectively, were conducted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to determine the microscopic characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals. The experimental results indicate that the biomineralization effect is the best for the CaCl2 case, followed by (CH3COO)2Ca, and worst for Ca(NO3)2 under the test conditions of this study (i.e. 1 mol/L of calcium salt-urea). The mechanism for the effect of the calcium salt on the biomineralization of crude soybean urease mainly involves: (1) inhibition of urease activity, and (2) influence on the crystal size and morphology of CaCO3. Besides Ca2+, the anions in solution can inhibit the activity of crude soybean urease, and NO3− has a stronger inhibitory effect on the urease activity compared with both CH3COO− and Cl−. The co-inhibition of Ca2+ and NO3− on the activity of urease is the key reason for the worst biomineralization of the Ca(NO3)2 case in this study. The difference in biomineralization between the CaCl2 and (CH3COO)2Ca cases is strongly correlated with the crystal morphology of the precipitated CaCO3.

Wang Shen, Li Xiaoli, Tian Haofei et al.

Debris flow is one of the most common types of geological disasters in China. Owing to the influence of topography, geomorphology, geological conditions, human activity, and rainfall debris flow disasters frequently occur in the mountainous areas of Beijing. The research on debris flow in the Beijing area focuses on rainfall and risk evaluation, material sources, and early warning and prevention of debris flow. However, there are few studies on the development characteristics of single-gully debris flow and the prediction of hazardous areas in the Beijing area. Therefore, we chose the debris flow of Bangou Village in Yanqing District of Beijing as the research object. We analyzed the recharge conditions in the ditch domain and predicted the extent of the hazardous area around the gully, providing suggestions for control measures. The dynamic reserves of the loose deposits in the debris flow gully, currently in the development stage, were estimated as 15.48 × 104 m3, representing four supply sources: artificial deposits, alluvium and diluvium, residual slope deposits, and collapse. The peak flow is 24.49 m3/s for a 10-year rainfall event, 27.64 m3/s for a 20-year rainfall event, 31.79 m3/s for a 50-year rainfall event, and 34.93 m3/s for a 100-year rainfall event. The total amounts of solids washed out by a debris flow from the preceding events are 0.70 × 104 m3, 0.79 × 104 m3, 0.91 × 104 m3, and 1.00 × 104 m3, respectively. The size of the debris flow is small, with a maximum hazardous area of 0.2810 km2. We conclude that a small debris flow outbreak in the Bangou Village gully is possible. We expect that the results of this study will provide basic information and help improve debris flow research in Beijing.

Дмитрий Александрович Куприянов, Наталья Михайловна Писарчук, Антон Евгеньевич Шатунов et al.

Представлены результаты изучения отложений нового разреза болота Шкреды на ключевом участке в пределах Национального парка «Себежский». Ключевой участок представляет собой типичные для Себежского Поозерья геосистемы. Реконструированы эволюция растительного покрова и периодичность лесных пожаров Себежского Поозерья, а также факторы, обусловливавшие смены растительного покрова и пожарных режимов в пределах ключевого участка. Аналогичные исследования для изучаемой территории ранее не проводились. В основе реконструкции лежат данные анализа физико-химических свойств болотных отложений (анализ потерь при прокаливании и гумификации, спорово-пыльцевой и антракологический анализ, ботанический анализ торфа). Относительно небольшой размер выбранного для исследования болота обусловлен индикаторной способностью малых болот отражать локальные смены растительного покрова из-за аккумуляции пыльцы и макроскопических частиц с территории радиусом 1,5–2,5 км от края болота. На основании изменений в составе спектров выделено восемь пыльцевых зон, объединенных в три фазы развития растительности. Данные фазы коррелируют с результатами анализа концентрации макроскопических частиц угля, потерь при прокаливании, оптической плотности, а также с результатами кластерного анализа. Выделенные фазы эволюции растительного покрова соотносятся с изменениями активности лесных пожаров. Фаза I отличается преобладанием хвойно-широколиственных лесов с участием березы и частыми лесными пожарами, обусловленными в первую очередь теплыми и сухими климатическими условиями. Фаза II характеризуется распространением хвойно-широколиственных лесов с участием термофильных элементов при минимальном воздействии пирогенного фактора в условиях более влажного климата. Фаза III выделяется господством березово-сосновых лесов и активным развитием процессов заболачивания с участием лесных пожаров. Трансформация растительного покрова в фазе III была вызвана как климатическими причинами, так и антропогенным воздействием, а лесные пожары имели смешанный генезис в условиях начала активного преобразования природной среды человеком.

D. A. Ruban

Background. In the geological history of the Earth, tsunami events attract particular research attention. Such events are assumed to have taken place already since the Precambrian period. However, the information on Precambrian tsunamis requires systematic generalization.   Aim. To generalize the data published on Precambrian tsunamis with a particular focus on their age, distribution, and possible triggers. The character of information about these natural catastrophes also presents interest.   Materials and methods. A bibliographical review was conducted based on the developed systematization criteria. The information was collected with the Scopus database. A total of 39 sources (articles in the leading scientific journals) were analyzed.   Results. The evidence of tsunami events was obtained for a large part of the Precambrian interval for different regions of the planet. The highest concentrations of the studied catastrophes were established for the end-Early Archean and the Early Proterozoic. Cosmic impacts and earthquakeswere indicated among the triggers. The oldest tsunamis were commonly interpreted by analyzing the composition and textures of rocks. These interpretations frequently proposed no alternative explanations.   Discussion. The available information on Precambrian tsunamis lacks completeness. Two hypotheses were formulated, those assuming the influence of the varied frequency of cosmic impacts and the initiation of lithospheric plate tectonics on the occurrence of tsunamis in the Precambrian.   Conclusion. Previous studies suggest a wide manifestation of tsunami events in the Precambrian. Further research in this direction seems promising, both for Russian and foreign geologists.

S. Hellmers, P. Fröhle

<p>Backwater effects in surface water streams and on adjacent lowland areas caused by mostly complex drainage and flow control structures are not directly computed with hydrological approaches yet. A solution to this weakness in hydrological modelling is presented in this article. The developed method enables transfer of discharges into water levels and calculation of backwater volume routing along streams and adjacent lowland areas by balancing water level slopes. The implemented and evaluated method extends the application of hydrological models for rainfall–runoff simulations of backwater-affected catchments with the advantages of (1) modelling complex flow control systems in tidal backwater-affected lowlands, (2) less effort to parameterise river streams, (3) directly defined input factors of driving forces (climate change and urbanisation) and (4) runtime reduction of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in comparison to coupled hydrodynamic models. The developed method is implemented in the open-source rainfall–runoff model Kalypso-NA (4.0). Evaluation results show the applicability of the model for simulating rainfall–runoff regimes and backwater effects in an exemplary lowland catchment (Hamburg, Germany) with a complex flow control system and where the drainage is influenced by a tidal range of about 4 m. The proposed method is applicable to answer a wide scope of hydrological and water management questions, e.g. water balances, flood forecasts and effectiveness of flood mitigation measures. It is re-usable to other hydrological numerical models, which apply conceptual hydrological flood-routing approaches (e.g. Muskingum–Cunge or Kalinin–Miljukov).</p>

Piero Farabollini, Fabrizio Bendia

One of the most fascinating aspects of the work of geologist lies in knowing how to read the physical landscape as an expression of the geological and geomorphological phenomena that shaped the Earth’s relief over time. The necessity to disseminate these vast areas of knowledges and skills starts from here, with the aim to enhance the concept of geodiversity and to raise awareness for its protection and promotion. This work aims to share some examples of projects realized following the subscription of agreement between different public authorities in the Apennine territory of Marche Region in Italy, such as the Geology Section of the University of Camerino (MC), “Consorzio Frasassi” (which manages the underground karst complex of Frasassi caves) and municipality of Genga (AN), where Frasassi caves are located. Thanks to this partnership, our research group realized didactic geological notebooks for school groups visiting the caves and interactive museum laboratories in 3D, showing the geological evolution of the area. This sharing of knowledge will contribute to educate communities about the importance of the geological heritage. At the same time, this project can serve as motivation to establishing the same type of collaborations in those territories where similar projects can be replicated.

Haitao Cao, Erdi Apatay, Garvie Crane et al.

Seismic interferometry is often proposed as a cost-efficient technique for reservoir monitoring including CO₂ sequestration due to its low cost and environmental advantages over active source imaging. Although many studies have demonstrated the ability of seismic interferometry to retrieve surface waves, body wave imaging remains challenging due to their generally lower amplitudes of body waves in seismic interferometry data. An optimum data acquisition strategy can help retrieve low amplitude body waves better, however, rare attempts have been made to evaluate various data acquisition strategies. In this study, we use numerical modeling to examine three different acquisition schemes to evaluate the retrievability of P waves from seismic interferometry data. From our numerical results, we observe that (1) positing receivers beneath the attenuated weathered layer improves the data quality and signal to noise ratio, but additional processing steps including predictive deconvolution and Radom transform filter are necessary to remove the downgoing surface multiples, artifacts that are generated from this data acquisition; (2) vertical seismic profiling (VSP) alongside with the conventional surface seismic acquisition improve the target zone detection; and (3) crosswell acquisition of seismic interferometry is an ineffective means to obtain reflection events due to the non-similarity of ray paths from the noise sources meaning that the required stationary phase theory is not fulfilled.

Noiriel, Catherine, Renard, François

The dynamic response of rocks to thermal, hydrodynamical, mechanical, and geochemical solicitations is of fundamental interest in several disciplines of geosciences, including geo-engineering, geophysics, rock physics, hydrology, mineralogy, and environmental and soil sciences. From crystal shape to rock microstructure or pore space and fluid distribution, parameters characterizing the rock physico-chemical properties evolve at different time and spatial scales. X-ray micro-tomography (XMT), as a non-invasive and non-destructive imaging technique, offers an unprecedented opportunity to add the fourth dimension, i.e. time, to the three-dimensional spatial visualization of rock and mineral microstructures. The technique is increasingly used to explore dynamic processes in porous and fractured rocks, thanks to synchrotron sources and laboratory XMT scanners, new generations of detectors, and increasing computational power. Image processing allows for tracking the evolution of the fluid–fluid or fluid–mineral interfaces as well as measuring incremental deformations, as rocks deform and react through time under in situ conditions of the sub-surface. Here, we review recent advances in 4D X-ray micro-tomography applied to thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical (THMC) sub-surface processes where fluids, porosity, minerals, and rock microstructures evolve together.

Majid Mohammadi, Mehdi Sedighi, Meysam Hemati

Asphaltenes removal enhances the quality of the oil and facilitates the processing. In the present work, a NiO/AlPO-5 nanocomposite using green TMG was synthesized as a particular adsorbent for asphaltenes removal. NiO/AlPO-5 was characterized using FTIR, BET, TEM, and XRD techniques. The Response Surface Method was used to optimize three important independent operating parameters, including D/C0 [(g)adsorbent/(mg/L)initial] (X1), initial pH (X2) and temperature (X3), to remove asphaltenes by the NiO/AlPO-5 nanocomposites in a model oil solution. Applying a CCD, a quadratic mathematical model formula was obtained to calculate asphaltene removal. The results revealed that the model showed valid agreement with the experimental results, with R2 = 0.94. The optimum values for D/C0, pH as well as temperature would be 0.08 [g/(mg/L)], 3.39 and 298 K, respectively. It was revealed that the optimal asphaltenes removal was 83.73% at the optimum point. The isothermal models of Langmuir and Freundlich represented the asphaltenes adsorption on the new adsorbent with acceptable accuracy.

J. Yang, L. Jiang, K. Luojus et al.

<p>We investigated the potential capability of the random forest (RF) machine learning (ML) model to estimate snow depth in this work. Four combinations composed of critical predictor variables were used to train the RF model. Then, we utilized three validation datasets from out-of-bag (OOB) samples, a temporal subset, and a spatiotemporal subset to verify the fitted RF algorithms. The results indicated the following: (1) the accuracy of the RF model is greatly influenced by geographic location, elevation, and land cover fractions; (2) however, the redundant predictor variables (if highly correlated) slightly affect the RF model; and (3) the fitted RF algorithms perform better on temporal than spatial scales, with unbiased root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of <span class="inline-formula">∼4.4</span> and <span class="inline-formula">∼7.3</span>&thinsp;cm, respectively. Finally, we used the fitted RF2 algorithm to retrieve a consistent 32-year daily snow depth dataset from 1987 to 2018. This product was evaluated against the independent station observations during the period 1987–2018. The mean unbiased RMSE and bias were 7.1 and <span class="inline-formula">−0.05</span>&thinsp;cm, respectively, indicating better performance than that of the former snow depth dataset (8.4 and <span class="inline-formula">−1.20</span>&thinsp;cm) from the Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China (WESTDC). Although the RF product was superior to the WESTDC dataset, it still underestimated deep snow cover (<span class="inline-formula">&gt;20</span>&thinsp;cm), with biases of <span class="inline-formula">−10.4</span>, <span class="inline-formula">−8.9</span>, and <span class="inline-formula">−34.1</span>&thinsp;cm for northeast China (NEC), northern Xinjiang (XJ), and the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), respectively. Additionally, the long-term snow depth datasets (station observations, RF estimates, and WESTDC product) were analyzed in terms of temporal and spatial variations over China. On a temporal scale, the ground truth snow depth presented a significant increasing trend from 1987 to 2018, especially in NEC. However, the RF and WESTDC products displayed no significant changing trends except on the QTP. The WESTDC product presented a significant decreasing trend on the QTP, with a correlation coefficient of <span class="inline-formula">−0.55</span>, whereas there were no significant trends for ground truth observations and the RF product. For the spatial characteristics, similar trend patterns were observed for RF and WESTDC products over China. These characteristics presented significant decreasing trends in most areas and a significant increasing trend in central NEC.</p>

M. Prasad, B. Muralidhara Reddy, V. Sunitha et al.

This data article provides the inventory data on sinkhole occurrences for the first time from Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin, India. Unexpected ground subsidence incidents are taking place with ground breaking sounds and forming in the Cuddapah Basin since 2007 and their frequency increasing from 2015 to 2017 (15 sinkholes over night in and around Buggavanka River). Such incidents are creating panic situations in the general public of this area which was not experienced in this region ever before. It is interesting to note that majority of sinkholes are forming subsequent to heavy rains and sudden recharge, especially in and around Buggavanka and Chitravati River beds. Hence, there is a strong need for the data on the sinkhole occurrences for detailed field investigations in future. Since, sinkhole inventory is a vital and pioneering step in sinkhole hazard analysis, the consistency of sinkhole hazard and vulnerability maps and the efficiency of the mitigation measures chiefly rely on the accuracy, completeness, and fidelity of the sinkhole inventories. Geospatial technologies played a major role in this inventory in terms of data collection, editing and analysis of various thematic maps. Keywords: Land subsidence, Sinkhole inventory, Cuddapah basin

Fazlioglu Fatih

Climate change has been affecting plants over the last century and caused changes in life history features such as the flowering time. Herbarium specimens provide a snapshot of the past environmental conditions during their collection. The collection date in a herbarium specimen is a good proxy to determine the flowering period (phenology). In this study, phenological data from subarctic plant specimens collected over 100 years were gathered by using one of the largest herbarium databases in the World. The collection dates of 7146 herbarium specimens were analyzed and significant shifts in the phenology of subarctic plants were detected. In this study, most of the analyzed 142 species in a subarctic biogeographic region tended to flower earlier in the 1950–2018 period compared to the 1900–1949 as a possible result of the climate change. Flowering time shifted from 8 to 26 days in some species. Changes in flowering time may alter species interactions, community composition, and species distribution in a region. Therefore, results of this study may shed light on the possible shifts in phenology and plant responses under the climate change.

L. Carturan, C. Baroni, M. Brunetti et al.

This work presents an analysis of the mass balance series of nine Italian glaciers, which were selected based on the length, continuity and reliability of observations. All glaciers experienced mass loss in the observation period, which is variable for the different glaciers and ranges between 10 and 47 years. The longest series display increasing mass loss rates, which were mainly due to increased ablation during longer and warmer ablation seasons. The mean annual mass balance (<i>B</i>_a) in the decade from 2004 to 2013 ranged from −1788 to −763 mm w.e. yr⁻¹. Low-altitude glaciers with low range of elevation are more out of balance than the higher, larger and steeper glaciers, which maintain residual accumulation areas in their upper reaches. The response of glaciers is mainly controlled by the combination of October–May precipitations and June–September temperatures, but rapid geometric adjustments and atmospheric changes lead to modifications in their response to climatic variations. In particular, a decreasing correlation of <i>B</i>_a with the June–September temperatures and an increasing correlation with October–May precipitations are observed for some glaciers. In addition, the October–May temperatures tend to become significantly correlated with <i>B</i>_a, possibly indicating a decrease in the fraction of solid precipitation, and/or increased ablation, during the accumulation season. Because most of the monitored glaciers have no more accumulation area, their observations series are at risk due to their impending extinction, thus requiring a replacement soon.

B. F. Jonsson, S. Doney, J. Dunne et al.

We assess the ability of ocean biogeochemical models to represent seasonal structures in biomass and net community production (NCP) in the Southern Ocean. Two models are compared to observations on daily to seasonal timescales in four different sections of the region. We use daily satellite fields of chlorophyll (Chl) as a proxy for biomass and in situ observations of O₂ and Ar supersaturation (&Delta;O₂ / Ar) to estimate NCP. &Delta;O₂ / Ar is converted to the flux of biologically generated O₂ from sea to air (O₂ bioflux). All data are aggregated to a climatological year with a daily resolution. To account for potential regional differences within the Southern Ocean, we conduct separate analyses of sections south of South Africa, around the Drake Passage, south of Australia, and south of New Zealand. <br><br> We find that the models simulate the upper range of Chl concentrations well, underestimate spring levels significantly, and show differences in skill between early and late parts of the growing season. While there is a great deal of scatter in the bioflux observations in general, the four sectors each have distinct patterns that the models pick up. Neither model exhibits a significant distinction between the Australian and New Zealand sectors and between the Drake Passage and African sectors. South of 60&deg; S, the models fail to predict the observed extent of biological O₂ undersaturation. We suggest that this shortcoming may be due either to problems with the ecosystem dynamics or problems with the vertical transport of oxygen.

O. A. Lysenko, S. I. Bogdanova

Quartz sands are widespread in Ukraine and actively mined. Reserves of quartz sand fully cover needs of Ukraine, much of it is exported. State balance accounted 32 deposits with total reserves more than 200 million tons. Deposits of this raw material has its own characteristics and features that should be considered when conducting monitoring studies on the objects of subsoil use. Features of monitoring and scientific support of quartz sand industrial extraction considered on the example of Novoselovskiy deposit in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. Mineral resource refers to Sivashskaya horizon berekskoy Formation Upper Paleogene. The field is mined by Novoselovskiy mining and processing plant on two open pits. Using different technological schemes for dry and flooded sand. Mining operations are conducted in accordance with the detailed working project and program of work in accordance with the approved permanent conditions. The company carries out the special conditions of a special permit for subsoil use. Completeness of quartz sand extraction from the bowels ensured compliance with the approved indicators of loss and dilution. Geological Survey and plant laboratory constantly monitor the quality of minerals, mined raw materials and finished products. By their parameters they meet the standards, specifications and customer requirements. In blocks of nearest mining held operational prospecting. The full and timely performed provided by project a set of environmental protection measures. On harvested areas of the deposit recultivation is carried out. Open pits of waste deposits can be used as geological tourism objects and for recreation areas creating. On the Novoselovskiy site is offered to create a nature reserve, and to this open pit assign status of geosite.