Hasil untuk "Gas industry"

L. Barelli, G. Bidini, F. Gallorini et al.

Carmen Luisa Vásquez Stanescu, Rhonmer Pérez-Cedeño, Jesús C. Hernández et al.

The global transition toward net-zero emissions by 2050, encompassing the International Energy Agency’s Roadmap for the energy sector, the IMO’s revised strategy for the maritime industry, and broader climate guidelines, necessitates a profound transformation of both global energy systems and the shipping sector. In this context, energy vectors such as Liquefied Natural Gas, Green Hydrogen, and Ammonia are emerging as key elements for this shift. This review article proposes a comprehensive analysis of these vectors, contrasting their roles: Liquefied Natural Gas as a transitional solution and Hydrogen and Ammonia as long-term pillars for decarbonization. The research moves beyond a simple comparative analysis, offering a detailed mapping and evaluation of the global port infrastructure required for their safe handling, cryogenic storage, and bunkering operations. We examine their technical specifications, decarbonization potential, and the challenges related to operational feasibility, costs, regulation, and sustainability. The objective is to provide a critical perspective on how the evolution of maritime ports into energy hubs is a sine qua non condition for the secure and efficient management of these vectors, thereby ensuring the sector effectively meets the Net Zero 2050 climate goals.

G. Pétron, G. Frost, B. Miller et al.

A. A. Avidan, Desmond F. King, T. Knowlton et al.

Industry is making increasing use of gas and liquid fluidization, but the theory behind the process is imperfectly understood. Improved application of some earlier techniques, however, is beginning to reveal something of the behaviour of bubbles and solids during gas fluidization.

Thomas Dietz, Amy Dan, R. Shwom

Matteo Ametta, Gaetano Maggio, Salvatore Vasta

This work investigates the potential of a sorption-based thermal energy storage (TES) system for enhancing the integration of renewable energy and waste heat recovery in key sectors—industry, transport, and buildings. Sorption-based TES systems, which utilize reversible sorbent–sorbate reactions to store and release thermal energy, offer long-term storage capabilities with minimal losses. In particular, the aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of an adsorption TES system for various working pairs under different operating conditions, by means of a thermodynamic model (supported by experimental data). Key findings demonstrate that water-based solutions (e.g., zeolite and silica gel composites) perform well for residential and transport applications, while methanol-based solutions, such as LiCl-silica/methanol, maintain higher efficiency in industrial contexts. Short-term storage shows higher energy efficiencies compared to long-term applications, and the choice of working pairs significantly influences performance. Industrial applications face unique challenges due to extreme operating conditions, limiting the viable solutions to water-based working pairs. This research highlights the capability of sorption-based TES systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy efficiency, and facilitate a transition to sustainable energy practices. The findings contribute to developing cost-effective and reliable solutions for energy storage and renewable integration in various applications.

S. Dempe, V. Kalashnikov, Gerardo A. Prez-Valds et al.

Jie Zhou, Zejiao Dong, Liping Cao et al.

The conversion of rice straw to bio-oil for substituting asphalt paving materials not only contributes to sustainable development in construction industry, but is also beneficial for resource recovery in agriculture. In this study, rice straw was pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil by using fluidized bed, and the influences of key pyrolysis conditions on product distribution were investigated. Bio-asphalt was prepared by high-speed mixing of pyrolysis bio-oil and petroleum asphalt, and comprehensively evaluated through rheological tests and continuous grading of performance grade (PG). Moreover, microscopic characterization was conducted to further explore the mechanism of bio-oil modification of asphalt. The test results indicate that the yield of bio-oil first rises and then drops with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. As the gas flow rate increases and the biomass particle size decreases, the bio-oil yield shows an increasing trend. The bio-asphalt containing bio-oil from lower pyrolysis temperatures has stronger rutting resistance and lower temperature susceptibility. As the pyrolysis temperature rises, the resistances of bio-asphalt to fatigue and thermal cracking are enhanced. According to continuous PG grading, the widest safe working temperature range is obtained at 450 ℃. Compared to base asphalt, bio-asphalt has superior fatigue and low-temperature performances at high pyrolysis temperatures. Additionally, it can be known from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that the modification of petroleum asphalt by bio-oil is a physical fusion process.

Houliang Dai, Jianfeng Chen, Qingtang Yuan et al.

The chemical and petrochemical industry is one of the pillar industries of the national economy. However, the energy and resource consumption, "three wastes" (i.e., waste gas, waste water, and industrial residue), and carbon emissions of the industry are large. Therefore, it is inevitable to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of the industry, thus to achieve high-quality industrial development and strengthen the petrochemical sector. This study analyzes the basic situation of the green and low-carbon transformation of the chemical and petrochemical industry from the perspectives of international consensus, domestic requirements, raw material changes, market constraints, technological evolution, and intelligent transformation. It also sorts out the development status of China's chemical and petrochemical industry from the aspects of industrial scale, industrial structure, resource utilization, pollutant emission, carbon emission, and industrial science and technology, and further reviews the prominent problems that restrict the green and low-carbon transformation of the industry. Moreover, the study proposes the key tasks for the green and low-carbon transformation of the industry, including innovation in green and low-carbon technologies; green transformation of the industrial structure; innovation in environment-friendly products; carbon peaking in key areas; green and low-carbon transformation for energy use; green, low-carbon, and clean production; digital and intelligent transformation; and green production demonstration; this aims to achieve a high-end industrial structure, low-carbon energy consumption, cyclic utilization of resources, clean production processes, green supply of products, and digital production mode. To this end, it is suggested that we should actively and steadily promote the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals, achieve carbon peaks in subdivided fields by stages, steadily promote the green transformation of the energy sector, and promote green and low-carbon transformation with active policies, thereby ensuring the green and low-carbon transformation of China's chemical and petrochemical industry.

R. Rafati, S. R. Smith, Amin Sharifi Haddad et al.

Ernawati Ernawati, Muhammad Natsir, Mansyur Asri

This study investigates the influence of aggregate demand on the interregional energy sector in Indonesia, aiming to ascertain whether the proximity of regions impacts the demand within the energy sector. Utilizing data from the Input-Output Indonesia Interregional Table, this research encompasses six regions: Sumatra, Java, Bali & Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Maluku & Papua. The energy sectors analyzed include oil, gas & geothermal mining, coal & lignite mining, coal industry & oil, gas refinery, and electricity and gas procurement & ice production. Findings indicate that the electricity sector exhibits relatively high sensitivity and dispersion power indices, whereas the gas procurement & ice production sectors display low sensitivity and dispersion power indices. Exports are identified as the primary contributors to the Oil, Gas, & Geothermal Mining and Coal & Lignite Mining sectors. Conversely, household consumption has the most significant impact on the other sectors. Crucially, the study reveals that the effect of a region's final demand on the output of another region is not directly correlated with geographical proximity. This insight leads to the recommendation that energy supply procurement policies should consider other regions' demands and economic developments, particularly those substantially influencing output enhancement.

Yan Zhang, Hao Li, Xin Mi et al.

The automobile industry puts forward higher requirements for the design and manufacture of steel pistons. However, the welding of 42CrMo steel pistons still has unsolved technical problems, especially welding defects that cannot be directly detected, such as pores, which are easily generated inside the weld. A plasma experiment of laser-metal active gas arc (MAG) hybrid welding 42CrMo steel was conducted in this paper, and plasma signals inside and outside the keyhole were detected during the laser welding, leading laser laser-MAG hybrid welding, and leading arc laser-MAG hybrid welding of 42CrMo steel. The characteristic parameters such as electron temperature and electron density were calculated and analyzed to investigate the relationship between plasma behavior and the formation of weld porosity in the welding process of 42CrMo steel. Based on the fluctuations in plasma electron temperature and electron density, the prediction of pore formation in the weld of 42CrMo steel was made, aiming to provide guidance for achieving a stable and reliable laser-MAG hybrid welding process for 42CrMo steel.

Martin Hammerschmid, Alexander Bartik, Florian Benedikt et al.

The production of sustainable, biomass-based synthetic natural gas (SNG) and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) diesel can contribute significantly to climate neutrality. This work aims to determine the commercial-scale production costs and CO₂ footprint of biomass-based SNG and FT diesel to find suitable integration scenarios for both products in the Austrian energy system. Based on the simulation results, either 65 MW SNG and 14.2 MW district heat, or 36.6 MW FT diesel, 17.6 MW FT naphtha, and 22.8 MW district heat can be produced from 100 MW biomass. The production costs with taxes for wood-based SNG are 70–91 EUR /MWh and for FT diesel they are 1.31–1.89 EUR /L, depending on whether pre-crisis or crisis times are considered, which are in the range of fossil market prices. The CO₂ footprint of both products is 90% lower than that of their fossil counterparts. Finally, suitable integration scenarios for SNG and FT diesel in the Austrian energy system were determined. For SNG, use within the energy sector for covering electricity peak loads or use in the industry sector for providing high-temperature heat were identified as the most promising scenarios. In the case of FT diesel, its use in the heavy-duty traffic sector seems most suitable.

Melody Blythe Johnson, Mehrab Mehrvar

High-strength wastewaters from a variety of sources, including the food industry, domestic septage, and landfill leachate, are often hauled to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for co-treatment. Due to their high organic loadings, these wastewaters can cause process upsets in both a WWTP’s liquid and solids treatment trains and consume organic treatment capacity, leaving less capacity available to service customers in the catchment area. A novel pre-treatment method, the Waste Activated Sludge-High Rate (WASHR) process, is proposed to optimize the co-treatment of high-strength wastewaters. The WASHR process combines the contact stabilization and sequencing batch reactor processes. It utilizes waste activated sludge from a municipal WWTP as its biomass source, allowing for a rapid start-up. Bench-scale treatment trials of winery wastewater confirm the WASHR process can reduce loadings on the downstream WWTP’s liquid and solids treatment trains. A case study approach is used to confirm the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the WASHR process compared to direct co-treatment, using life-cycle cost analyses and greenhouse gas emissions estimates.

Baowen Lou, Torbjørn Vrålstad

Alkali-activated materials, sometimes called geopolymers, can be used as alternative cementitious materials to conventional Portland cement. Currently, there is a significant interest in these materials due to their low CO₂ footprint. The typical applications of alkali-activated materials are within civil engineering; however, potential applications as well cementing material within the oil and gas industry are also receiving emerging interest. This paper presents a systematic study of the compressive strength development from 1 to 28 days for metakaolin-based alkali-activated cement. The results show that the compressive strength is highly dependent upon the initial Si/Al ratio in the mix design, as well as the concentration of the activator solution. Furthermore, due to the relatively low initial reactivity of the metakaolin material used, different types of co-binders were included in the slurry composition to improve early strength development. The two different co-binders tested were another, more reactive metakaolin material and Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS). It was found that both these co-binders performed as intended, by ensuring early strength development via precipitation of K-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels, respectively, and also by enabling subsequent strength development due to improved dissolution of the low-reactive metakaolin.

parsa pashaei, Mufid Shatari, Ali Ashrafi

Today, the oil and gas refining industries are one of the main energy sectors in the world that countries need in order to achieve development and increased production. Environmental pollution is one of the most important challenges facing human society in the present century. This study aimed to examine the environmental projects implemented in Fajr Gas Refinery Company based on field observations. Fajr Gas Refinery is located in the southeast of Bushehr port, adjacent to Khas district in Jam city, covering a distance of 290 kilometers. The present study aimed to examine the environmental measures taken by the refinery with the aim of reducing pollution to protect the environment, using a descriptive-analytical method and library and field notes as research data. The results of the study indicated that the environmental measures taken by the refinery could be categorized into four sections. In the wastewater section, measures such as constructing a drying bed in the flare area and eliminating overflow from the oil collection pond were taken. In the waste management section, waste sorting and fencing were implemented. Regarding air pollution reduction, an online analyzer was installed on the chimney stacks for waste incinerators and boilers. In addition, in terms of water resource management, measures were taken to construct Baghan dam and to install water meters on the water lines. The set of measures taken has resulted in the successful acquisition of various certifications by the refinery, including the Excellence Certificate in the first International Conference on Participatory Management and Proposals, and the Green Industry Certificate from the Environmental Protection Organization in 2002. The successful experience of this unit can serve as a model for similar industrial units.

CHEN Xingming

Carbon capture, utilization and storage, or CCUS, is one of the key technologies to deal with global climate change, among which CO₂-EOR is an important part. In order to effectively solve the problems that caused by the high cost and low oil price on CO₂ flooding, and promote the large-scale popularization and application of CCUS project, Jiangsu Huayang Liquid Carbon Co., LTD. of Sinopec East China Petroleum Bureau strengthen the integration of the advanced information of carbon dioxide transportation or oil displacement and the production management according to the template of digital oil and gas field construction and in accordance with the working idea of “production automation, safety interlock, unmanned on site and centralized management”. Through the construction and operation of safety monitoring system and information remote control platform, the digital management of CO₂ transportation system, injection system and production area security system is realized, which ensure the safety standard of carbon dioxide transportation, intelligent and efficient oil displacement site and effective supervision in production area. The exploration and practice of digital management transformation of distributed CO₂-EOR project have been completed. By this systematic digital construction, the lowest comprehensive cost and the best security guarantee of CO₂-EOR has been achieved, which is of great significance to the large-scale popularization and application of CCUS project.

Антон Валерьевич Балалаев, Екатерина Викторовна Балалаева, Юрий Юрьевич Терещенко

Modern trends in the global aircraft industry are prompting aircraft engine engineers to create and develop various methods to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of turbomachines. The urgent need to improve the efficiency of new generation engines leads to a rapid increase in the bypass ratio of engines, which requires the development of fans with large diametrical dimensions and high aerodynamic perfection. Boundary layer control in turbomachines using tandem blade rows is one of the most promising ways to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft engine fans with a high bypass ratio. The work aims to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of a fan with a tandem impeller for a turbofan engine. Two fan impellers were investigated: a single-row and an equivalent tandem-row (the equivalence was ensured by the equality of the structural angles of the flow inlet and outlet and the equality of the chord of the profiles). The blade row consisted of 33 blades, the tip diameter at the inlet to the impeller was 2.37 m, the hub diameter was 0.652 m. The flow was simulated in the range of axial velocity at the inlet from 80 to 200 m/s at a relative rotor speed of 0.65, 0.85, and 0.9. For the investigated tandem fan impeller, the chord of the first row was 60% of the total chord of the profile, the length of the slotted channel was 10% of the total chord. The flow was simulated using a numerical experiment. When closing the system of Navier-Stokes equations, Menter's SST turbulence model was used. The computational grid is unstructured, with an adaptation of the boundary layer. The work shows that the use of a tandem impeller will improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan. As a result of the study, it was found that the pressure ratio in a fan with tandem impeller increases from 0.32 to 20% for an operating mode at a relative rotor speed of n=0.65, n=0.85, and n=0.9 in the range of values of the gas-dynamic flow rate function q (λ)=0.4...1. The greatest growth is observed on the left branches of the pressure lines. The obtained data on the efficiency of a fan with a tandem impeller showed that in the range of values of the gas-dynamic flow rate function q(λ)=0.4...0.6 and q(λ)=0.76...0.98 a tandem impeller is higher than the efficiency of a fan with a single-row impeller, for values of the gas-dynamic flow function q(λ)=0.64...0.76 - the efficiency of a fan with a tandem impeller is 4% less than the efficiency of a fan with a single-row impeller.

Nguyen X Truong, Cao H H Phan, Nguyen N Hao et al.

The city Ho Chi Minh (HCMC) is one of the largest cities in Vietnam with the most dramatically economic development rate. Along with the economic development, the urbanization process in this city is also taking place very fastly. Due to the rapid urbanization and development, the emission rate from the industry and transportation leads to the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) which has been worsening the climate change. Protecting forests and conducting afforestation so that CO2 is transformed to nutrition through photosynthetic conversion is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, the accumulation of CO2 emissions has become a global concern. Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide, helps to conserve the environment, produces oxygen, reduces noise, and helps to stabilize subsurface water. This paper highlights the results of ENVI software which was used to interpret remote sensing images and Arcgis to evaluate the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by vegetation in each administrative unit: district in HCMC and ward. According to the obtained results, the amount of CO2 absorbed in urban districts “District 1”, “District 3”, “District 4”, “District 5”, “Phu Nhuan District” is immensely low due to the high population density in the center of city. The population is mainly concentrated in the center districts but land area for vegetation is low. Regarding the suburban area, with mangrove forests, Can Gio District has the highest amount of CO2 absorbed of 35,894.075 tons/day and followed by Cu Chi District with 21,548.48 tons/day. It can be indicated that Can Gio and Cu Chi districts improtantly function like the greenhouse gas sinks for the whole HCMC. The success of this study could contribute to climate change mitigation and support in urban and land planning, as well as resettlement policies. Aside from that, CO2 emission and absorption assessment and evaluation in large–scale cities like HCMC has become a crucial, urgent, and practical issue nowadays.

Olga A. Nikitenko , Valery V. Ershov

The paper discusses the directions of hydrogeochemical researches used to solve actual problems of the oil and gas industry: assessment of the oil and gas potential of territories, localization of oil and gas trap, prediction of the phase composition of hydrocarbon fields, control the development process of hydrocarbon fields, etc. Based on the literature data, the analysis and systematization of the main hydrogeochemical indicators of groundwater with oil and gas prospecting significance, as well as used already at the stage of development of oil and gas fields, have been carried out. The most efficiency of the application of hydrogeochemical researches in oilfield practice is achieved with the integrated use of various indicators. On the example of researches of the oil and gas potential of Sakhalin Island, it is shown that the hydrogeochemical data of the middle of the 20th century, obtained by outdated chemical analytical methods, cannot always be considered reliable. In this regard, additional researches are required to update the relevant hydrogeochemical data in this region.