Hasil untuk "Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering"

Yanbo Zhan, Zhigang Lu, Liangce He et al.

In recent years, large-scale power outages due to climate change have occurred frequently worldwide, causing significant economic losses and severe social impacts. Against the backdrop of extremely cold weather in northeastern China. This paper presents a new operating model using asymmetric Nash cooperative game theory and resource bankruptcy theory to minimize power system operating costs under extreme weather conditions. Firstly, a fair power allocation model based on the principle of minimum variance is used to determine the boundary conditions of power resource allocation. Secondly, an asymmetric Nash cooperative game model based on bankruptcy theory is constructed for two load response modes. Then, a comprehensive bargaining weight calculation method is proposed for the negotiation of power resource allocation among various types of users by taking into account the actual demands of various users and economic factors. According to the load response game, a cost minimization power system scheduling model is derived by combining thermal power, wind power, photovoltaic power, and pumped storage. Four scenarios are investigated in the case study. The results show that the proposed model can improve fairness and satisfaction while reducing load response costs.

Bertrand Meyer

Software engineering concepts and processes are worthy of formal study; and yet we seldom formalize them. This "research ideas" article explores what a theory of software engineering could and should look like. Software engineering research has developed formal techniques of specification and verification as an application of mathematics to specify and verify systems addressing needs of various application domains. These domains usually do not include the domain of software engineering itself. It is, however, a rich domain with many processes and properties that cry for formalization and potential verification. This article outlines the structure of a possible theory of software engineering in the form of an object-oriented model, isolating abstractions corresponding to fundamental software concepts of project, milestone, code module, test and other staples of our field, and their mutual relationships. While the presentation is only a sketch of the full theory, it provides a set of guidelines for how a comprehensive and practical Theory of Software Engineering should (through an open-source community effort) be developed.

Jianjun Zhao

Quantum computing has demonstrated the potential to solve computationally intensive problems more efficiently than classical methods. Many software engineering tasks, such as test case selection, static analysis, code clone detection, and defect prediction, involve complex optimization, search, or classification, making them candidates for quantum enhancement. In this paper, we introduce Quantum-Based Software Engineering (QBSE) as a new research direction for applying quantum computing to classical software engineering problems. We outline its scope, clarify its distinction from quantum software engineering (QSE), and identify key problem types that may benefit from quantum optimization, search, and learning techniques. We also summarize existing research efforts that remain fragmented. Finally, we outline a preliminary research agenda that may help guide the future development of QBSE, providing a structured and meaningful direction within software engineering.

Thomas J. Misa

The field of software engineering is embedded in both engineering and computer science, and may embody gender biases endemic to both. This paper surveys software engineering's origins and its long-running attention to engineering professionalism, profiling five leaders; it then examines the field's recent attention to gender issues and gender bias. It next quantitatively analyzes women's participation as research authors in the field's leading International Conference of Software Engineering (1976-2010), finding a dozen years with statistically significant gender exclusion. Policy dimensions of research on gender bias in computing are suggested.

Shahin Atakishiyev, Mohammad Salameh, Hengshuai Yao et al.

Autonomous driving has achieved significant milestones in research and development over the last two decades. There is increasing interest in the field as the deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promises safer and more ecologically friendly transportation systems. With the rapid progress in computationally powerful artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, AVs can sense their environment with high precision, make safe real-time decisions, and operate reliably without human intervention. However, intelligent decision-making in such vehicles is not generally understandable by humans in the current state of the art, and such deficiency hinders this technology from being socially acceptable. Hence, aside from making safe real-time decisions, AVs must also explain their AI-guided decision-making process in order to be regulatory-compliant across many jurisdictions. Our study sheds comprehensive light on the development of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) approaches for AVs. In particular, we make the following contributions. First, we provide a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art and emerging approaches for XAI-based autonomous driving. We then propose a conceptual framework considering the essential elements for explainable end-to-end autonomous driving. Finally, we present XAI-based prospective directions and emerging paradigms for future directions that hold promise for enhancing transparency, trustworthiness, and societal acceptance of AVs.

Hong Tuo

User-generated content on self-media platforms significantly influences the market. In the era of Web 2.0, consumers make purchasing decisions based on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) from these platforms. This research illustrates how sentiment value of eWOM content guides consumers’ behavior by empirical study based on the causality approach. The research calculates the sentiment value of 160,000 textual film reviews using sentiment analysis program which is based on the sentiment corpus and addressing sarcasm. It also measures the complexity of information by calculating entropy to capture the information cascade process of eWOM converging into a reputation signal. The findings demonstrate the causal relationship between positive eWOM content and consumers’ decision-making processes, as well as the extent to which consumers rely on eWOM textual information when making consumption decisions. When the eWOM information conveys a clear reputation signal, it will have a lasting impact on future box office revenue. This article is the initial empirical literature that quantifies the commercial value of online text sentiment information through a causal and dynamic perspective. It is also the first literature to empirically illustrate the formation process of sentiment information cascade during the diffusion of eWOM among the netizens and capture the required time lag for the formation of online consumer reputation signal.

Piotr Kuwałek, Grzegorz Wiczyński

Low-frequency disturbances of power quality are one of the most common disturbances in the power grid. These disturbances are most often the result of the impact of power electronic and energy-saving devices, the number of which is increasing significantly in the power grid. Due to the simultaneous operation of various types of loads in the power grid, various types of simultaneous disturbances of power quality occur, such as voltage fluctuations and distortions. Therefore, there is a need to analyze this type of simultaneous interaction. For this purpose, a special and complementary laboratory setup has been prepared, which allows for the examination of actual states occurring in modern power networks. Selected research results are presented for this laboratory setup, which determine its basic properties. Possible applications and possibilities of the laboratory setup are presented from the point of view of current challenges.

Cheng-Long Zhou, Yu-Chen Peng, Yong Zhang et al.

We explore a novel approach to achieving anisotropic thermal photon tunneling, inspired by the concept of parity-time symmetry in quantum physics. Our method leverages the modulation of constitutive optical parameters, oscillating between loss and gain regimes. This modulation reveals a variety of distinct effects in thermal photon behavior and dispersion. Specifically, we identify complex tunneling modes through gain-loss engineering, which include thermal photonic defect states and Fermi-arc-like phenomena, which surpass those achievable through traditional polariton engineering. Our research also elucidates the laws governing the evolution of radiative energy in the presence of gain and loss interactions, and highlights the unexpected inefficacy of gain in enhancing thermal photon energy transport compared to systems characterized solely by loss. This study not only broadens our understanding of thermal photon tunneling but also establishes a versatile platform for manipulating photon energy transport, with potential applications in thermal management, heat science, and the development of advanced energy devices.

Colani T. Fakude, Refiloe P. Modise, Aderemi B. Haruna et al.

Drug abuse has proliferated at an unprecedented rate worldwide, posing significant public health challenges that directly impact society, criminality, and the economy. This review presents the application of nanomaterials for qualitative and quantitative electrocatalytic analysis of drugs of abuse, mostly opioids (such as heroin (HER), morphine (MOR), codeine (COD), fentanyl (FEN), and tramadol (TR)), and addictive stimulants (such as cocaine (COC) and methamphetamine (MAM)) via direct oxidation. Electroanalytical techniques have attracted attention for generating point-of-use sensors because of their low cost, portability, ease of use, and the possibility of miniaturization. Electroanalytical-based devices can assist first responders with tools to identify unknown powders and to treat victims of drug abuse. Based on the drug therapeutic and usage purposes, research advances in drug electroanalysis can be classified and discussed with special emphasis on the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the drug. Therefore, this review discusses sensor enhancement based on the electrocatalytic properties introduced by various strategies, such as surface nanostructuring, the use of conducting polymers, and anodization of electrode surfaces Finally, a critical outlook is presented with recommendations and prospects for future development.

B. K. Shreyamsha Kumar, K. C. Anandakrishan, Manish Sumant et al.

Wound care is a critical aspect of healthcare that involves treating and managing various types of wounds, typically caused by injuries, surgery, or chronic diseases such as diabetes. Chronic wounds can be particularly challenging to manage and often require 3 to 6 months of long-term care. In a few instances, healing durations are highly unpredictable and can vary depending on the severity of the wound, the patient’s overall health, and other factors such as medication, nutrition, age, comorbidity, environment, etiology, and immune system function. A chronic wound can significantly impact the quality of life, causing pain, discomfort, limited mobility, higher healthcare cost, and even mortality in severe cases. Effective wound care is crucial for promoting complete and timely healing and reducing the risk of complications that may lead to amputation, infection, and other potentially life-threatening outcomes. This work aims to develop a system that automizes to determine the wound boundaries leveraging the DeepLabV3+SE, measures the wound characteristics such as size and area, and wound shape using a pipeline of morphological operations and connected component analysis modules. The proposed system’s performance was evaluated using the publicly available dataset. Results demonstrate that the DeepLabV3+SE has outperformed with significantly high dice and IOU scores of 0.923 and 0.924, respectively, compared with several state-of-the-art methods.

Chung-Hsiang Wang, Ko-Chiu Wu

The purpose of this research is for interdisciplinary students, with the theme of smart city space, how to conduct collaborative learning on thinking, identi􀅫ication, and strategies for programming and visualization issues, to develop an intelligent interactive interface between users and environmental data. We have set up an interdisciplinary course on “Interactive Smart Space Design”, which combines the 􀅫ields of interactive design, engineering, electrical machinery, and electronics, trying to introduce unmanned aerial vehicle simulation path, modular programming, and information visualization modules into the course to conduct programming and computational thinking learning, guiding students to conceive and design, and in-depth development of programs and development practices. Finally, analyze and evaluate the learning effect through the work report and Expert assessment. Theresultsshowthatthemodularprogrammingmethodismoresuitableforstudentswithlowinformationability, and the information visualization performs better in the later stage of the project, re􀅫lecting the actual staged division of labour in the industry. The interdisciplinary collaborative learning process can re􀅫lect and revise problem points in the process of thematic decision-making, but coordination and division of labour impact team cooperation.

Fan Liu, Yun Feng, Zongxi Zhang et al.

Ambient vibrational energy harvesting technology becomes a promising method to continuously drive electronics. The emergent triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based vibrational energy harvester introduces an advisable pathway towards self-powered system exploration. Herein, a helix-like (H-) TENG operating in contact separation mode is reported for vibrational energy harvesting. The H-TENG is designed as a multi-layer structure for high space-efficient utilization and excellent electrical performance. The influences of triboelectric materials on the electrical output of H-TENG are systematically compared to achieve a maximum output characteristic with an open-circuit voltage of 261 V and a short-circuit current of 52 µA under natural frequency. Meanwhile, the frequency response of H-TENG by varying the frequency is further investigated to maintain a well output over a wide frequency range. With the connected power management circuit, the H-TENG can successfully drive several types of electronics, and further demonstrate a self-powered sensor system by powering a thermo-hygrometer. The proposed H-TENG provides an efficient method for vibrational energy harvesting that endows its potential for extensive self-powered applications in electrical engineering.

Maria João Martins

In the beginning of the XXI century, new advances in technology allowed for the manufacturing of new materials which allowed for new developments in areas as diverse as information and telecommunications, biology, medicine, industry and Defense. It is a multidisciplinary field where contributions from physics chemistry, material science and electronics converge. In Electrical and Information Engineering the teaching of these new subjects is mandatory in order to keep in pace with the industrial developments and contributing to an effective scientifically sound professional formation. Teaching these new concepts however, clashes sometimes with the classical approach, used in the standard curricula.In this paper we describe the challenges presented by the teaching of these subjects applied to metamaterials. Metamaterials are non-natural materials constituted by a substrate with inclusions distributed with a spatial periodicity lower than the wavelength of the incident radiation. They present a macroscopical behavior which can be described classically by the constitutive parameters ε and μ. These materials which date from the beginning of the XXI century are of paramount importance for several applications, namely antennas, lenses and invisibility cloaks, which will change the paradigm of many areas, especially in Security and Defense.

A. A. Prabhavalikar, M. Patil

Now-a-days, it is important to integrate innovative tools in engineering education. It is need of hour that conventional teaching-learning techniques should be replaced by state-of-art tools that enable instructor to deliver the content in effective manner so that learners become proactive in teaching-learning process. Active learning tools play a vital role in modern day pedagogy. Today’s pedagogical tools in active learning give that opportunity to learners to exercise their problem-solving skills and allow them to work collaboratively in groups. A detailed analysis of tools such as Kahoot, Eclipse crossword and flipped class is discussed in this paper. Our analysis involved engineering learners from Electrical and Electronics and Communication streams from our college. Participation of learners in activities such as Kahoot and Eclipse crossword was more compared to flipped class which indicates learners are more inclined towards puzzle solving and quizzing technique. We examined how these techniques improved students’ approach towards learning. It is a prime duty of instructor to engage students in the activities which serves the purpose of learning by doing. Active learning tools play critical role in making students proactive in their learning phase. Keywords - Teaching-learning, pedagogical, social, Kahoot, Eclipse crossword, flipped class

Inés Friss de Kereki

-Due to the pandemic, at Universidad ORT Uruguay, the Programming 2 course of the Systems Engineering, Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunications, and Systems Degree careers was taught in the 2nd semester of 2020 in online mode, with a pilot group with 37 students in hybrid-flexible format ("Hyflex"). In a previous study, this pilot course was compared with the face-to-face (used in 2019) and online (used in the 1st semester of 2020) modalities, with no differences detected in the approval results. In the 1st semester of 2021, due to the health situation, it was given only in an online format and in the 2nd. semester Hyflex was included for all students of the morning courses of 8/2021. In this work and, as a continuation of said previous work, the extensive use of the Hyflex format is reported and analyzed through its application in the seven morning groups, totaling 189 students. Strong emphasis was placed on teacher training, course coordination, and technical support. The approval results are similar to those of the pilot course, but the perception of the theoretical course and the acceptance of the Hyflex format was improved.

Paula Veske, P. Bauwens, F. Bossuyt et al.

Advancements in wearable technology and smart textiles have also opened new possibilities in the sports and medical fields. One of the examples of a relevant application case can be found in cycling. This paper expands on previous research on stretchable electronics on knit fabrics. It describes the development of stretchable circuits for the lower back position and motion tracking to prevent back pain in recreational (road) cyclists by combining electrical and textile engineering with insights generated in rehabilitation sciences and sports physiotherapy. The research process included developing and testing of the functional circuit integrated into a cycling jersey. Thermoplastic polyurethane films were used for the textile integration process to achieve maximum comfort and after-life disassembly possibility. Reliability tests, e.g. washing (ISO 6330-2012) and tensile tests, were conducted. It is concluded that while mechanical stress during washing cycles remains a serious concern for reliability and durability, the use of water-repellent thermoplastic polyurethane sealing seriously reduces the damage caused by water and detergents.

Jaewook Lee, Jiwon Choi, Duksan Ryu et al.

A software defect prediction (SDP) model identifies the defect-prone modules. Setting appropriate parameters in an SDP model is critical because it affects the model performance. In a recent study, parameters were automatically explored using an optimization algorithm. However, such studies did not explore all the parameters that could be handled in the SDP process from preprocessing to model building, but only optimized parameters in some modeling process steps, such as feature selection or model building. Our goal is to improve the model performance by optimizing parameters across the entire SDP process. For this, we propose a cost-sensitive decision tree based on harmony search (HS-CSDT). HS-CSDT uses a harmony search algorithm to simultaneously identify the optimal feature set, regularization technique, class weight, and decision tree hyperparameters. We compared HS-CSDT against the methods in related studies in terms of probability of detection, probability of false alarm, G-measure, and file inspection reduction in the evaluation of 28 open-source projects. The results of the effect size using Cohen’s d reveal that HS-CSDT provides a statistically better performance than methods in related work. Experimental results show that optimizing the identified parameters throughout the entire SDP modeling process by using the optimization algorithm helps improve the model performance. In summary, HS-CSDT shows excellent defect prediction performance by automatically allocating an appropriate parameter set according to the software project. Thus, the model can help effectively allocate limited quality assurance resources.

GU Yu, CHENG Guanji, LU Song et al.

With the increase of the power load in power grid， the short circuit level continues to rise， and excessive short-circuit current will do great damage to power equipment and imperil power systems. In order to control the short-circuit current， a design method for fault current limiter based on variable reactor is proposed. The fault current limiter is equipped with cores and variable air gaps， and thus can immediately switch off short-circuit current. Moreover， a genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the design of the fault current limiter. Finite element analysis is used for simulation experiment on the fault current limiter. The analysis results show that the fault current limiter can offer high performance.

D. C. Hiwarkar, Ashish S. Lahane, Radhika C. Chakole et al.

Abstract: This paper figures out the problem of voltage sag and swell and overcome it. The most important aspect of electrical engineering is power quality in the current time. Power quality issues occur to the occurrence of substandard voltage, which may be current and frequency which may be damaged to power system equipment. One of the most important problems is voltage sag and swell. DVR is the device that can easily diminish those problems. DVR model compensates for the voltage sag and swells in an efficient and effective manner due to its lower cost, smaller size, and fast response of disturbance. This paper gives an introduction to the power quality problem and power electronics controllers for voltage sag and swells compensation. Then the operation of DVR is described. Keywords: DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer), Microcontroller, Triac, Voltage Sag, and Swell, Power Quality

H. Iskandar, Y. Zainal, Ana Urbaningtyas

Currently, the Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEL) of Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani has a 1 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system. However, in order to fulfill the overall load, the hybrid link to the grid must be improved. The PV system and the grid must be synchronized in terms of voltage, frequency, and phase. This article presents comparative simulations of AC-AC converter models of power electronics component variants using MATLAB 2019a. Among other stages is to model the DC-DC Converter in order to enhance the output voltage of the solar panel by identifying the circuit characteristics. The second stage involves simulating the MOSFET-based DC-AC Converter circuit, which is used to convert DC to AC. The use of switching Thyristor, Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO), and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) in an AC-AC phase converter to connect to the grid is examined in this range. Non-linear and linear loads are used to represent the load on the AC Cycloconverter range. Based on the results of the modeling and analysis of the PV 1 kWp system, the AC Cycloconverter in the first stage may provide a frequency of 50 Hz with a voltage drop of 235.4 V for the line and 231.9 V for the non-linear, which meets the AC Cycloconverter criterion.