Lidiia Kostyrko, Ruslan Kostyrko , Liudmyla Zaitseva
et al.
Based on the analysis of the dynamics of implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Ukraine, key problems have been identified and its priorities in financial support for the recovery of the native energy sector have been determined. It is appointed that PPP concession agreements are the main mechanisms for attracting investment in the global electric power industry. The expediency of using the concession model on BOT terms for the implementation of large projects in the energy sector is substantiated, which will contribute to the intensification of investment attraction and will allow to distribute risks between the state and business. Recommendations on the formation of an information platform for participants in the implementation of PPP projects on the basis of disclosure of information on the effectiveness of concession operations in accounting and financial statements have been developed. The tools for the formation of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, where the priority is budget and venture financing, are substantiated. To make decisions on the implementation of PPP investment projects, an approach to assessing the financial support of project initiatives is recommended, the basis of which is the proposed criteria for compliance with financial security, the choice of funding sources, indicators of scenario analysis and efficiency. The proposed methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of PPP allows us to assess the synergistic effect, which reflects the totality of economic, social and environmental effects. The formulated recommendations for improving the relationship between the state and business will contribute to the intensification of the attraction of private investment resources on the basis of PPPs for the restoration of the energy sector in Ukraine.
The article analyses communitarian models of cultural conservatism. The specific
features of cultural conservatism as a form of conservative theory are revealed. A
comparative analysis of various communitarian models for cultural conservatism is
carried out, their common and specific features are identified. It is concluded that
the initial communitarian principles of cultural conservatives can lead to different
assessments of the role of the state in the implementation of cultural and national
policies, as well as the most preferable ways of protecting and preserving values.
History (General) and history of Europe, Economics as a science
This paper analyzes the effects of relative prices on macroeconomic stability in sub-
Saharan African countries by considering inflation, real effective exchange rate, government deficit,
and a composite index of macroeconomic stability using techniques combining a panel Vector
Autoregressive (VAR) and the generalized method of moments (GMM) for 30 countries over the
period 1991-2017. The results show that the terms of trade (external relative prices) have positive
effects on the real exchange rate, the reduction of the public deficit, and on macroeconomic stability
in general. Impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition confirm these different
results.
Meda Andrijauskiene, Dimosthenis Ioannidis, Daiva Dumciuviene
et al.
Though much attention is dedicated to the development of its research and innovation policy, the European Union constantly struggles to match the level of the strongest innovators in the world. Therefore, there is a necessity to analyze the individual efforts and conditions of the 27 member states that might determine their final innovative performance. The results of a scientific literature review showed that there is a growing interest in the usage of artificial intelligence when seeking to improve decision-making processes. Data envelopment analysis, as a branch of computational intelligence methods, has proved to be a reliable tool for innovation efficiency evaluation. Therefore, this paper aimed to apply DEA for the assessment of the European Union’s innovation efficiency from 2000 to 2020, when innovation was measured by patent, trademark, and design applications. The findings showed that the general EU innovation efficiency situation has improved over time, meaning that each programming period was more successful than the previous one. On the other hand, visible disparities were found across the member states, showing that Luxembourg is an absolute innovation efficiency leader, while Greece and Portugal achieved the lowest average efficiency scores. Both the application of the DEA method and the gathered results may act as viable guidelines on how to improve R&I policies and select future investment directions.
В статті розкрито проблеми гармонізації податкового законодавства України та ЄС та визначено напрями їх вирішення. З’ясовано, що процесу гармонізації вітчизняної податкової бази до вимог законодавства європейських країн притаманний досить довготривалий та систематичний характер, внаслідок чого стає можливо забезпечити більш кращі умови для співпраці нашої країни з країнами-членами ЄС, а також забезпечити достатній рівень інвестиційної привабливості України загалом. Визначено головні особливості європейських стандартів налагодження роботи податкових правовідносин. Розкрито чинники, які впливають на податкову політику та відрізняють вітчизняну податкову політику від політики європейських країн. Визначено найбільш вагомі проблеми в сфері оподаткування в Україні. Розкрито напрями вирішення існуючих проблем в сфері гармонізації в сфері гармонізації податкового законодавства України.
The article dwells on the state, achievements and research perspectives of the political science school of the Carpathian region scholars. It analyses the whole complex of debatable issues under study that scientists have been working on lately relying on the social demand regarding Ukrainian political processes coverage. The research revolves around certain political aspects of the general topic "Western Ukraine in the national liberation movement and in the processes of state-building". It provides analysis of the historical participation of Western Ukrainian lands in national state-building processes and in national liberation movement, ways of establishing the unity of Ukraine in the historical and political context, as well as political aspects of state-building. Political scientists of the Carpathian region have worked out a scientifically valid position condemning Russia's imperial ambitions regarding the independent Ukrainian state.
N. V. Kholshev, D. N. Konovalov, A. A. Lavrenchenko
Reducing the number of road accidents is an urgent task, the solution of which can be achieved, including by improving the design of vehicles. One of the most common causes of road accidents is the occurrence of a car skidding during braking with its subsequent exit from the traffic corridor. The effective development of new vehicle safety systems that increase its directional stability during braking and the improvement of existing systems is possible only if there are reliable methods that take into account the main parameters of the vehicle that affect its stability during braking. The currently existing methods and expressions for calculating the heading angles of a car at the end of braking have a number of assumptions that facilitate the calculations. This does not diminish their value, but slightly reduces accuracy. The purpose of this work was to clarify the methodology for calculating the permissible and actual heading angles of the vehicle at the end of braking. Within the framework of the work, theoretical studies have been carried out, based on the analysis of existing research on this topic. Based on the analysis performed, it was found that the existing methods and expressions for calculating the heading angle of a car at the end of braking do not take into account the effect of differences in the track dimensions of the front and rear axles of the car, and the center of mass of the car is conventionally assumed to be located on the longitudinal axis of the car. Evaluation of the influence of these parameters on the accuracy of calculations has not been carried out at present, there are no expressions for calculating the permissible heading angle of the vehicle at the end of braking. As a result of theoretical studies, a refined technique was obtained, including expressions for calculating the actual heading angle of the vehicle at the end of braking under various braking modes. The previously specified parameters are taken into account in the expressions obtained. An equation was derived to calculate the permissible heading angle of the car at the end of braking, taking into account the dimensions of the car, its location relative to the edge of the carriageway and the width of the lane. The refined expressions and the resulting equation that form the methodology for calculating the heading angles of the vehicle at the end of braking represent the scientific novelty of this work. To increase the efficiency of calculations according to the proposed method, a computer program has been developed. The direction of further research is to assess the adequacy and accuracy of the proposed methodology using the developed program.
Este artículo aborda el malestar laboral en contadores públicos de Bogotá, en multinacionales del sector farmacéutico. Concretamente, el estudio se propuso, por un lado, identificar los factores que le crean malestar laboral a los contadores de estas compañías y, por el otro, analizar los efectos de dichos aspectos sobre la esfera anímica de los sujetos. Con ayuda de una encuesta, de entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo foco, la investigación arrojó que el malestar laboral es disparado por factores internos y externos a las empresas; por ejemplo, las políticas basadas en estereotipos o la normatividad que regula el ejercicio contable. Algunos de estos factores se asocian con las denominadas enfermedades de la excelencia, características de un entorno laboral altamente competitivo.
Economic history and conditions, Economics as a science
Football is the most important sport in the world, which would not make sense without supporters. The role of the
supporters is very important for the success of football, although essential for the existence of football seem at first
sight the sponsors.
The development of football is impressive, worldwide. There are national, continental or world events at club or
national teams level.
There are several types of supporters, which can be recognized in any country of the world; Passionate fans are
just a type of supporter.
The behavior of football supporters is influenced by a variety of factors, including: family, friends, economic
issues, time available, costs. Certainly, football fans are influenced by television and the Internet.
The loyalty of football fans is a proverbial one, compared to many other areas.
There are many reasons to be a football supporter; to have fun, to identify with the winners and other reasons
Many aspects mentioned below are valid for club teams. At national team matches, there are some special details.
There are some relatively recent changes in the behavior of football fans, including the emergence of "supporters
without frontiers", who travel to other countries to watch their favorite teams. Another trend is the increase in the
proportion of female supporters.
Some interesting aspects also appear regarding the Romanian supporters. Among them: the most popular team in
Romania is not a Romanian one!
I tried to draw at least a few valid conclusions for all supporters, regardless of the country.
Commercial geography. Economic geography, Economics as a science
Las actuales tecnologías de la información y comunicación han propiciado un incremento en la capacidad de agrupación virtual de la sociedad, a través de la generación de un nutrido y variado conjunto de espacios de colaboración y participación comunicativa. Ello ha generado un nuevo marco de oportunidades de fundraising para el Tercer Sector de acción social español, frente al progresivo deterioro experimentado en su financiación tradicional a raíz de la crisis económica. Un nuevo marco donde se encuentra una herramienta con potencial para reconfigurar cualitativamente las estructuras de fundraising de las entidades sociales, dando cabida a una democratización financiera desde su propia base social. La citada herramienta, conocida como crowdfunding, permite la agregación de pequeñas aportaciones económicas de una gran base de donantes, y obtener los fondos necesarios para el desarrollo de proyectos sociales concretos.
Este trabajo se dedica a analizar las posibilidades del crowdfunding social como instrumento clave de fundraising para el Tercer Sector de acción social en España. A tal efecto, y a través de la metodología del estudio de casos, se realiza un análisis empírico de las características y potencialidades del crowdfunding social, en la modalidad de donación, de las diferentes plataformas que operan en el Estado Español a septiembre de 2017. Se identifican así sus principales claves de funcionamiento, y las especificidades de cada una de ellas, a través de lo cual se generará conocimiento para el diseño y posterior desarrollo de estrategias de fundraising en las entidades españolas de acción social.
The article deals with ways of teaching that contribute to increasing the motivation
of students to study a foreign language in a Technical University. The results of the
conducted questioning of students on revealing the motives that motivate students
of a Technical University to study a foreign language are presented. It is concluded
that the main motivating factor is the communicative approach and the involvement
of students in speech activity in the studied language
History (General) and history of Europe, Economics as a science
The decay $Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p \overline{p} π^-$ is observed using $pp$ collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 $fb^{-1}$. The ratio of branching fractions between $Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p \overline{p} π^-$ and $Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ π^-$ decays is measured to be \begin{equation*} \frac{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p \overline{p}π^-)}{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ π^-)} = 0.0540 \pm 0.0023 \pm 0.0032. \end{equation*} Two resonant structures are observed in the $ Λ_c^+ π^-$ mass spectrum of the ${Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p\overline{p} π^-}$ decays, corresponding to the $Σ_c(2455)^0$ and $Σ_c^{*}(2520)^0$ states. The ratios of branching fractions with respect to the decay $Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p \overline{p} π^-$ are \begin{align*} \frac{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to Σ_c^0 p\overline{p})\times\mathcal{B}(Σ_c^0\to Λ_c^+ π^-)}{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p \overline{p}π^-)} = 0.089\pm0.015\pm0.006, \frac{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to Σ_c^{*0} p\overline{p})\times\mathcal{B}(Σ_c^{*0}\to Λ_c^+ π^-)}{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to Λ_c^+ p \overline{p}π^-)} = 0.119\pm0.020\pm0.014. \end{align*} In all of the above results, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The phase space is also examined for the presence of dibaryon resonances. No evidence for such resonances is found.
A measurement of $Z\rightarrowτ^+τ^-$ production cross-section is presented using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{-1}$, from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV collected by the LHCb experiment. The $τ^+τ^-$ candidates are reconstructed in final states with the first tau lepton decaying leptonically, and the second decaying either leptonically or to one or three charged hadrons. The production cross-section is measured for $Z$ bosons with invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV/$c^2$, which decay to tau leptons with transverse momenta greater than 20 GeV/$c$ and pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5. The cross-section is determined to be $σ_{pp\rightarrow{}Z\rightarrow{}τ^+τ^-} = 95.8 \pm 2.1 \pm 4.6 \pm 0.2 \pm 1.1 \mathrm{pb}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, the third is due to the LHC beam energy uncertainty, and the fourth to the integrated luminosity uncertainty. This result is compatible with NNLO Standard model predictions. The ratio of the cross-sections for $Z\rightarrowτ^+τ^-$ to $Z\rightarrowμ^+μ^-$ ($Z\rightarrow{}e^+e^-$), determined to be $1.01 \pm 0.05$ ($1.02 \pm 0.06$), is consistent with the lepton-universality hypothesis in $Z$ decays.
The $CP$ asymmetry in $B^-\to D_s^-D^0$ and $B^-\to D^-D^0$ decays is measured using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$, collected in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The results are $A^{CP}(B^-\to D_s^-D^0)=(-0.4\pm 0.5\pm 0.5)\%$ and $A^{CP}(B^-\to D^-D^0)=( 2.3\pm 2.7\pm 0.4)\%$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. This is the first measurement of $A^{CP}(B^-\to D_s^-D^0)$ and the most precise determination of $A^{CP}(B^-\to D^-D^0)$. Neither result shows evidence of $CP$ violation.