Olga V. Sergeeva, Marina R. Zheltukhina, Elena B. Ponomarenko
In the 21st century, the interdisciplinary research interest is increasingly aroused by the linguistic problem of realizing educational discourse, especially in the media space. Information ecology and cyber security make it possible to form the skill of making adequate educational, and managerial decisions in the field of education under the conditions of saturation with information, information noise in the digital environment. The purpose of the study is to identify the genre features of the educational media discourse in the context of information ecology and cyber security. A functional-genre analysis of the educational media discourse in the digital media space is carried out in the study. By applying a set of methods (descriptive method, content analysis, discursive analysis, linguosemiotic analysis, linguopragmatic analysis, functional-genre analysis, interpretive analysis), the genre media reflection of the regulation of society’s activities to achieve hygienic safety goals related to information is studied, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the study. The main genres of the educational media discourse that are significant for the development of genre theory have been identified, those are: analytical, popularizing, explanatory, didactic, regulating, recommendation, discussion, multimedia, case study genres. Their analyses allow conclude that an ecosystem comfortable for training students is formed due to compliance with the requirements of information ecology, information and Internet hygiene, ethics, cyber security, which are among the preventive trends and protective measures in the digital environment. The analysis of factual material emphasizes the importance of ensuring the safety of students as one of the key tasks of the modern educational process, considering the active influence of the media environment. It is established that media articles inform an addressee about the activities of preventive medicine and state sanitary and epidemiological services that are developing norms that reflect the safe organization of the work and educational process using information tools in the digital media space. Documents presented in various media genres determine the norms of lighting at different times of the day, the norms of noise parameters and work with electronic teaching aids and other acceptable conditions to ensure high-quality work without harm to health. The identified genre features of the educational media discourse in the context of information ecology and cyber security clearly demonstrate that the informational ecology is a promising direction for the study and development of the media discourse, incl. educational media discourse, based on the material of various linguistic cultures.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Semantics
Abstract The significance of speakers' objectives in political writing renders the techniques utilized by authors especially important. The translation method is essential because of the strong relationship between persuasive tools and factors such as the author's or narrator's reputation, their role in shaping ideas, and the vision created in the audience's mind to attain certain objectives. Ethos is a rhetorical strategy that facilitates text comprehension and ensures precise translation. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on three primary axes: the text creator, the audience, and the complex influence of ethos on text production and reproduction. It is vital to employ a suitable technique in replicating the text to guarantee that the primary point is communicated clearly and articulately. This is due to the significant emphasis on the author's position and standing, the representation of their cultural identity, the translator's methodologies, and the satisfaction of the readers' anticipations of the communicated message. This analysis focuses on a work by Alaa Al-Aswany, a modern Egyptian writer, titled Our Advice to the Butcher. Findings show that paying close attention to the author's subtleties and nuances in word choice, such as the choice of conjunctions, as well as finding equivalents for vocabulary and grammatical structures, appealing to the reader's emotions, and using clear and effective language during the translation process are all very important for a successful outcome.IntroductionIn rhetoric, the speaker or writer aims to create an image that captivates the audience and persuades them, fostering a reciprocal communication exchange between the writer and the listener. We discover a collection of strategies and techniques when we analyze the works of orators and novelists that emphasize raising awareness and addressing public opinion while meticulously using the expressive potential of language. These methods and techniques are utilized to facilitate effective communication with the audience and to persuade them to embrace the intended concepts.Ethos, as a language strategy, has a historical foundation, and analyzing this idea might facilitate a clear comprehension of certain texts. It is very proficient in generating a valuable and suitable translation of the material while effectively expressing the nuances pertinent to the audience. Without knowledge or attention to this topic, the primary message of the text may not be adequately conveyed to the audience. By emphasizing pivotal words and terms that activate the audience's psychological elements, the translator can facilitate their gradual acceptance of the knowledge and the adoption of the intended actions. This method enhances the audience's viewpoint, the reinterpretation of the text, and their resolve to embrace or dismiss the concepts presented.Statement of the ProblemThe point of this study is to look into ethos as a persuasive tool and how it works in translation, as well as how it shows up in the steps of figuring out equivalence and choosing preferred language and expressions. The narrative "Our Advice to the Butcher" (originally "Nasihatuna ila al-Jazzar"), extracted from the anthology "Do We Deserve Democracy?" (originally "Hal Nastaḥiq al-Dimuqratiyah?"), functions as the case study for this analysis. Employing the ethos method, we examine the linguistic features and translation techniques of the Arabic text into Persian. Literature ReviewResearch in linguistics is a longstanding and comprehensive discipline. The same applies to text translation and its diverse methodologies, which have garnered the interest of numerous contemporary professors, students, and researchers. The domain of rhetorical techniques has been the subject of numerous books and studies. The primary source in this domain is Aristotle's (1979) Rhetoric. In this book, Aristotle characterizes ethos as a picture that emerges subsequent to discourse within the context of rhetoric. The rhetorical triangle, a notion established by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, encompasses three essential components of persuasive arguments: logos, ethos, and pathos. Numerous essays and theses have been written analyzing the works of the renowned contemporary Egyptian novelist Alaa Al-Aswany; however, none have examined the translation of his works through the lens of the ethos method. Consequently, the present study represents the inaugural endeavor in this domain. No article has yet been published regarding the application of the ethos technique in translation, and, to the researchers' knowledge, it remains unexamined.MethodologyThis study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology grounded on structuralism and incorporates the theories of substitution and collocation. It analyzes different forms of ethos as a potent discursive strategy in communicative processes that influence the subconscious to perform speech acts and achieve pragmatic goals. Furthermore, it examines the function of ethos in the text translation process and analyzes diverse methodologies.ConclusionThe ethos strategy highlights three primary dimensions: the text creator, the audience, and the diverse effects on text generation and replication. It is vital to employ a suitable technique in replicating the text to guarantee that the primary point is communicated clearly and articulately. This is due to ethos placing significant emphasis on the author's position and standing, the translation of their cultural identity, and the satisfaction of readers' expectations for the imparted message.The element of symbolism is notably evident in the collection Do We Deserve Democracy? by modern Egyptian novelist Alaa Al-Aswany. The author contends that democracy in Egypt operates solely as a façade and lacks any substance.The ethos method relies on convincing the reader. Therefore, to maintain the original author's stance and cultural identity, the translation must align the grammatical structures of the source text. The translated text must be believable and persuasive to the audience.The translated material must employ clear and compelling language, necessitating alterations in verb forms and tenses. Linguistic tools are essential for conveying the meaning, subtleties, and complexity embedded in the original text by the author. Every language has distinct powers and potentials, and the translator must comprehend the linguistic tools of Arabic to identify parallels in Persian. This guarantees, firstly, that the tools and grammatical structures of the source language do not encroach upon the target language, and secondly, that Persian readers experience a sense of familiarity and intimacy with the translated text, rendering it credible as though they are reading a text in their own language.Idiomatic expressions, phrases, and the names of locations and cultural situations must be translated to maintain the authenticity of the original author and to accurately represent their cultural identity in the target language text.
Il saggio indaga le relazione tra il modernismo russo, in particolare l'opera di V. Brjusov, e la filosofia di Nikolaj Fedorov e del suo divulgatore K. Ciolkovskij. L'analisi dei testi, in prosa e in versi, del poeta simbolista è preceduta da un breve excursus sulle origini della fantascienza russa. Brjusov è uno dei primi teorici russi della fantascienza, che definisce come genere nell'articolo inedito "I confini della fantastika". Nel periodo post-rivoluzionario il cosmismo russo si manifesta soprattutto nella idea della conquista dello spazio cosmico, alla base della fantascienza sovietica. Brjusov, uno dei pochi ad aderire alla rivoluzione d'Ottobre, segue nella sua opera questa evoluzione.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
The present study reports and discusses the use of eye tracking qualitative data (dynamic gaze plots and heatmaps) in reading workshops in a middle school and in Generative Syntax and Sentence Processing courses at the undergraduate and graduate level. Both endeavors take the sentential level as the proper object to be metacognitively explored in language education in order to develop innate science forming capacity and knowledge of language. In both projects non-discrepant qualitative eye tracking data collected and quantitatively analyzed in psycholinguistic studies carried out in Lapex (Experimental Psycholinguistics Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) were displayed to students as a point of departure, triggering discussions. Active, problem-solving based methodologies were employed with the objective of stimulating student participation. The article also discusses the importance of developing full literacy, epistemic vigilance and intellectual self-defense in an infodemic world.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Philology. Linguistics
Teaching the terminology of clinical procedures in medical English classes can be a
challenge. However, by using video, which is an excellent tool for showing language in
operation, medical students are more likely to understand, learn and be able to use words and
phrases pertaining to this overspecialized terminology. The present paper gives examples of
home-grown exercises for watching purposes that can be used in the course room, with a
special focus on the language skills developed by each video-based teaching material.
Language and Literature, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Publicada en nuestro país durante pleno auge del “boom del folklore”, la revista Folklore fue un engranaje esencial en la cadena de mecanismos de la industria cultural. Sin embargo, un análisis detenido de su discurso revela dos movimientos contradictorios, como un efecto insalvable derivado de las tensiones que cristaliza. Por un lado, un impulso de inclusión donde parecen licuarse las diferencias como parte de un mismo y homogéneo fenómeno, el de la “música nuestra” en pos de la construcción de una imagen identitaria o “ser nacional” apta para las exigencias de un mercado creciente. Pero por el otro lado, la revista fue también promotora de un claro impulso de exclusión que, a manos de la denominada “Ciencia del Folklore” y de sus especialistas autorizados, los folklorólogos, consistió en un intento por establecer los límites y alcances del “Folklore” como patrimonio nacional. Costa y Mozejko (2001 y 2002) proponen buscar en las condiciones de producción las hipótesis explicativas de las estrategias que, consciente o inconscientemente orientan las prácticas discursivas de los agentes sociales. Los impulsos de inclusión y exclusión observados en la revista, podrían considerarse huellas de condiciones sociales de producción muy específicas que atañen al desarrollo del campo del folklore, y que permitirían comprender la constante “retórica de la pérdida” que caracteriza este discurso.
Neglected now when not forgotten, the radio has been an extraordinary instrument of cultural production in Italy and abroad between the Thirties and the Sixties. Radio drama, now much less practiced than once, has provided for a long time the opportunity for families to gather around a new domestic fireside. Initially conceived as a mere reading of the dramatic text, radio drama has been capable of evolving in forms that were highly innovative and autonomous from the habitual stage theatre. This happened both legitimizing new authors and applying new techniques of representation and broadcasting to old classics – like Shakespeare. Following the Italian vicissitudes of the Bard on radio, it is possible to evaluate the increase in popularity – and then, the decrease – of the radio as a site of cultural production.
Anthropology, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
Key Words of Culture, as Names of Salient and Entrenched Concepts, and the Problems of Lexical Synonymy
The paper discusses a method for discovering important concepts of culture through the process of scrutinizing the most numerous sets of synonyms (which are treated as names of entrenched and salient concepts of the given language’s culture), and subsequently combining them in a set of cultural concept networks. The author focuses on the evolution of cultural concepts and the linguistic material from 19th and 20th c. dictionaries of synonyms, and the Polish version of WordNet which served as the base for the analysis. The paper shows the evolution of some of the concepts of culture established in the 19th c. and still vivid in present day discourse of collective identity.
A number of studies in SLA and developmental psychology have shown that both children and adults can acquire nonnative word orders after a relatively short amount of exposure to a miniature language with natural-syntax characteristics in implicit instruction conditions. Although there is some evidence that in these conditions adult L2 learning can extend to morphemes (e.g., gender, case), little attention has been given to child-learning of morphology to date. In this pilot study six nine-year-olds and eight adults (all L1 English monolinguals) were exposed over three consecutive days to auditory sentence stimuli in BrocantoJ, a miniature language mirroring the word order and morphology of Japanese, in the context of a computer game similar to chess. Accuracy in performing a game move after hearing a sentence stimulus that described it, and accuracy in a forced-choice task, were used as measures of overall language comprehension and comprehension of the relationship between an argument’s syntactic realization and its thematic function (linking). The data showed that both groups performed significantly above chance overall and on linking rules. However, adults performed significantly better than children in the first two sessions ('p' < 0.01), though the gap disappeared by the third day. Also, initial evidence showed that, at least for a subset of the sentence stimuli, both children and adults were successfully relying exclusively on case marking to interpret NP thematic functions.
Special aspects of education, Language acquisition
This article deals with the intercultural perspective in a communicative approach to language teaching. Other essays about intercultural communicative competence have been published in the previous issues of Educazione Linguistica. Language Education, and the editorial committee has chosen this topic as one of the cores for language teaching research these years, so this essay is intended to provide the theoretical framework. This is the first issue entirely devoted to analysing the critical point of communication between speakers using a common language coming from different cultures - the German and the Italian cultures, in this case. Other monographic issues of EL.LE will follow, dealing with other pairs of cultures. A world intercultural map, which is being built on the basis of the model described in the essay, can be found in http://www.unive.it/labcom.
A proposta educacional inclusiva ainda está ganhando formas e sentidos, configurando-se como um espaço para debates e investigações. Desse modo, objetivamos investigar os sentidos que uma professora de língua inglesa, na atividade educacional com alunos com deficiência visual, atribui ao seu fazer. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica insere-se nos postulados do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo – ISD (Bronckart 2003 [1999], 2006, 2008) e nos documentos legais que regulamentam a educação inclusiva. A análise das entrevistas evidenciou que a professora, através dos temas e vozes mobilizados, atribui sentidos à sua prática como um trabalho permeado por conflitos.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Literature (General)
This article explores the popularity of Erskine Nicol (1825-1904), a Scottish artist designated as the painter of Irish life. He first painted “humorous” pictures based on anti-Irish caricatures, intended to make his public smile to the detriment of his Irish sitters. He also resorted to artistic codes which had been successfully used by Dutch and Flemish artists and which had been revived by David Wilkie, so that his style was made to please the Victorians. Moreover, Nicol dramatised his pictures such as his famous Notice to Quit (1862), denouncing the helplessness of peasants who were evicted from their land and lodgings by their landlords. The painting was deemed “truthful” because Nicol was seen as a reliable witness who had lived in Ireland and was then likely to have witnessed such scenes, conveying a lot of emotion to the viewer. Thus, his Irish iconography reveals a tension between humour and pathos examined in this analysis.