Hasil untuk "Communities. Classes. Races"

Bramantyo Eko Prabowo, Fitri Rachmayani, Glenn Adriel Adiguna et al.

Landslides and slope instability events in Indonesia frequently occur during the rainy season. The relationship between rainfall and landslide activity is closely linked to the ability of rainwater to infiltrate the soil, which in turn affects slope stability. The objective of this study is to assess the duration of water infiltration in unsaturated soil conditions. Soil samples were taken from the western region of Indonesia and classified as silty sand (SM). Advanced laboratory testing was conducted to obtain the unsaturated soil properties, including soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), shrinkage curve, unsaturated permeability, and unsaturated shear strength. Few studies have examined the influence of different rainfall durations on seepage and slope stability. In this study, numerical simulations include rainfall application on the ground surface for three different durations over 1 day, that is, 6-h, 12-h, and 24-h simulations. A groundwater table was located at a depth of 5 m from the surface. The simulation results reveal increases in the groundwater level and in pore-water pressure during infiltration. This event reduces the suction force in unsaturated silty sand soil, thereby decreasing the factor of safety (FoS) in slope stability. The most significant decrease in FoS occurs in the 6-h simulation, while the effect on the safety factor in the 24-h simulation is not significant. This occurs due to the high intensity of rain during the shorter rainy period. After the rainy conditions, the factor of safety gradually rises and stabilizes on the sixth day, reaching an FoS of 1.86. This work identifies areas where silt–sand lithology predominates, along with high rainfall intensity and landslide susceptibility, providing important information to guide mitigation measures.

Татьяна Сергеевна Новикова, Ольга Игоревна Гулакова

Развитие российско-китайской торговли открывает возможности перехода к новому этапу научно-технологического развития за счет активизации государственной политики в условиях обострения геополитических проблем и усиления фрагментации мировой экономики. Целью статьи является разработка адекватного инструментария индикативного планирования для обоснования внешнеторговой политики России, базирующейся на приоритетном сотрудничестве с Китаем и другими дружественными странами, в условиях многополярного мира. Анализ фактической взаимной внешней торговли России и Китая за период 2013–2023 гг. выявил стремительный рост ее объемов при практически неизменной структуре, характеризующейся архетипом сырьевой направленности российского экспорта и высокой долей импорта из Китая продукции машиностроения. Введена классификация трех архетипов торговых отношений и рассмотрена возможность расширения товарообмена продукцией высоких переделов и высокотехнологичными товарами, базирующаяся на созданном потенциале научно-технологического взаимодействия двух стран. Новый импульс развитию внешней торговли России и Китая можно придать за счет реализации конкурентоспособных проектов региональной научно-исследовательской инфраструктуры, выступающих драйверами перехода к архетипу товарообмена высокотехнологичной продукцией. Для получения количественных оценок разработаны три взаимосвязанных модели: финансово-экономическая модель проекта создания НИИ, оптимизационная межотраслевая межрегиональная модель, расширенная за счет включения технологического способа проекта, и модель внешней торговли России и Китая. Разработанный подход был адаптирован на примере проекта «Академгородок 2.0» на период 2013–2030 гг. Для оценки влияния на торговлю различных политик и технологических изменений в статье рассмотрены базовый, предельный и инерционный сценарии. Экспериментальные расчеты показали, что прогнозируемая к 2030 г. структура внешнеторгового обмена России и Китая характеризуется существенным ростом доли машиностроения и химии в российском экспорте, что соответствует долгосрочным изменениям взаимного внешнеторгового обмена стран с высоким научно-технологическим потенциалом.

Irfan Haider Khan, Taiyaba Munawer

PurposeThis study aims to examine the thermal performance of vertical greenery systems (VGS) in composite climates with seasonal fluctuations, focusing on their impact on indoor thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings during the monsoon season.Design/methodology/approachA case–control experiment was conducted in Delhi, India, to compare the hygrothermal effects of a direct green facade (GF) against a bare wall in a naturally ventilated residential building. Data were collected throughout the monsoon season to evaluate the impact on surface temperatures, indoor air temperatures and humidity levels.FindingsThe GF reduced surface temperatures by up to 16.6°C and indoor air temperatures by up to 5°C, demonstrating significant cooling benefits. However, it also elevated the indoor humidity to 81%, which influenced the perceived comfort. Despite this, the system extended the thermal comfort hours owing to the reduction in air temperatures, highlighting its potential to enhance indoor thermal conditions in monsoon-dominated regions.Originality/valueThis study addresses a critical gap in the understanding of the dual effects of VGS on temperature and humidity in composite climates, specifically during high-humidity monsoon seasons. It provides empirical evidence of the benefits and challenges of implementing GFs in naturally ventilated residences, offering insights into their role in urban sustainability and thermal comfort. These findings advocate region-specific research and strategic integration of VGS into urban design to optimize their effectiveness across diverse climatic conditions.

Joshua Gruver, Kimberly Lee, Emily Hayes

Despite being a world-class tourist destination, the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI—St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John) face significant challenges related to diversified crop production, food distribution, and food security. High poverty rates among islanders perpetuated by historical iniquities, frequent hurri­cane damage, drought, poor soil quality, high food production costs, and limited food distribution net­works are just a few of the challenges residents face. Consequently, 97% of the food consumed in the USVI is imported. Frequent hurricane damage, such as the recent damage from Irma and Maria (back-to-back Category 5 storms that hit the islands in 2017) complicated these challenges even more and disrupted food import processes. This manuscript focuses on a case study involving a lit­erature review, participant observation, and a series of semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with key informants about issues related to food insecurity, resilience, and farmer needs regarding business sus­tainability. The results highlight how the political, economic, and cultural complexities of the USVI stymie efforts to lower barriers related to food accessibility and affordability. The results also reveal a new and vibrant entrepreneurial spirit among native islanders and transplants alike, providing novel entryways into food system change and development. Finally, we share policy implica­tions and next steps toward building agriculture and food system resiliency.

Rebecca Godderis

Susilawati Susilawati, Nur Asyiah, M. Nur Iskandar

Pandemi merubah pola proses pendidikan yang semula tatap muka menjadi dalam jaringan (daring). Pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan selama ini berupa pemberian tugas untuk mencatat dan mengerjakan soal-soal yang ada pada buku paket melalui Whatsapp Group, dampaknya peserta didik mengalami kejenuhan dan motivasi belajar pun menjadi menurun. Guru perlu berinovasi dan berkreasi untuk menampilkan pembelajaran daring dengan cara menyenangkan melalui berbagai aplikasi pembelajaran yang menarik. Salah satu media yang mendukung kreativitas guru dalam mengajar daring diantaranya menyajikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) melalui aplikasi liveworksheet. Tujuan kegiatan PKM ini memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan penyusunan LKPD untuk guru-guru SD sehingga, mampu menciptakan pembelajaran daring yang inspiratif, interaktif, menyenangkan, menantang, dan memotivasi peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan PkM ini meliputi 3 tahapan (1) observasi pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan di sekolah, (2) pelatihan penyusunan LKPD menggunakan aplikasi liveworksheet, (3) pendampingan dan evaluasi implementasi LKPD menggunakan aplikasi liveworksheet. Rangkaian kegiatan ini telah mampu meningkatkan motivasi peserta kegiatan yaitu guru-guru SD dalam menyusun LKPD online menggunakan aplikasi liveworksheet. Selain itu, peserta didik merasakan adanya perbedaan belajar yang signifikan dari pembelajaran yang biasa dilakukan, 100% guru mampu membuat LKPD interactive.  Ide pembuatan LKPD 10%, memasukkan gambar dalam LKPD 70%, memasukkan video dalam LKPD 80%, memasukkan video dalam LKPD 50%, Komponen LKPD bervariatif 30%.  LKPD Interaktif dengan menggunakan liveworksheet dapat digunakan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia sehingga proses belajar menjadi lebih mudah dan menyenangkan.

Małgorzata Hanzl, Anna Tofiluk, Kinga Zinowiec-Cieplik et al.

The threats that arise from climate change and their associated economic, social, and environmental impacts are leading to the transformation of the spatial structures of cities. The growing demand for climate adaptability calls for the development of normative criteria for the design of forms of urban settings that integrate vegetation. Climate-responsive urban design reacts to the challenges of urban physics, which depend heavily on the forms of urban structures and the role of greenery. This method includes research on vegetation indexes and their impact on urban regulatory functions. The goal is to propose a comprehensive framework for assessing the functioning of urban public space, which considers the role and maintenance of green infrastructure. The intersection with the subject matter of analytical urban morphology is evident, in terms of the resolution of the urban fabric and its transformations over time. The framework of climate-responsive urban design also covers examining the parameters of surrounding built structures, such as the floor area ratio, the building coverage ratio, and building heights. In particular, the requirements of climate adaptation have an impact on the design of outdoor spaces in cities. In this article, we apply the selected methods that contribute to the climate-responsive urban design model to recommend the transformations of two urban nodes, in Lodz and Warsaw (Poland). Our goal is to indicate the future form of nodal public spaces with a focus on the needs of urban greenery, and to determine indicators for the local climate zone. After an initial literature review, we discuss a number of available indicators from the perspective of how they might contribute to determine the environmental conditions. We focus on urban water cycle, the requirement of trees for water, and insolation conditions.

Mauricio Hernández-Bonilla, Karla Lorena Lozano-Merino

En diversos foros especializados en el área de arquitectura y urbanismo se ha debatido sobre la calidad y las condiciones de habitabilidad tanto de la vivienda como del entorno inmediato ante el llamamiento al confinamiento debido a la pandemia generada por el COVID 19. Para el caso mexicano el “quédate en casa”, es una de las principales estrategias para mantenerse a salvo y evitar un posible contagio, pero la pregunta que surge es ¿Hasta qué punto nuestra vivienda y entorno urbano inmediato cuentan con las condiciones para poder permanecer en estos por tiempo prolongado? En este artículo, exponemos los resultados de una investigación realizada a través de una encuesta de opinión a los habitantes de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz. Los resultados son reveladores con relación a la valoración del entorno habitacional y la vivienda en el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria por parte de sus usuarios, puesto que ha quedado en evidencia la existencia de deficiencias relevantes en cuanto a la habitabilidad en las viviendas y su entorno inmediato y en materia de espacio público, seguridad, cohesión social e incluso en la propia convivencia social dentro y fuera de las vivienda.

V Sruthi Krishnan, C Mohammed Firoz

Rapid urbanization has resulted in sudden degradation of the environmental quality of urban settlements, which are difficult to measure and quantify. The present study attempts to provide an assessment of the environmental quality by developing environmental quality index (EQI) for the Ernakulam district in Kerala, India. The index values are spatially mapped to develop an environmental quality index map for the study area under five different classes namely, very poor, poor, moderate, good, very good. The EQI values are calculated for nineteen composite variables classified under three domains namely, ecological, meteorological, and socio-economic domains. A preliminary statistical analysis and detailed principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to construct the environmental quality index for the study region. This was followed by a spatial mapping and analysis to provide a better understanding of the status of the environmental quality to the local residents, environmental planners, regional scientists and policy makers. The results obtained from the analysis show that the study area has a low overall environmental quality. The region considered in this paper has highlighting features of various settlement patterns, population distributions, and land use distributions, which indicates a clear transition in the environmental quality index of different settlement units. Hence, by selecting this region and observing various number of indicators, the real effect of urbanization on the quality of the environment was projected. The systematic methodological procedure explained in this paper can be used elsewhere also, where the study area has similar characteristics as that of the area considered in this study. The outcome of the study is applicable for present and future urban planning, building construction, land and resource management for a sustainable environment.

SAMUEL MEDAYESE, MOHAMMED TAUHEED ALFA, NELSON T.A ABD’RAZACK et al.

This research pursued the objectives of assessing the awareness, perception, and levels of adherence of road users to traffic rules and regulations. The study was carried out in Minna and the major signalized roads were the target of the research. The research applied the survey research methodology, which involves carrying volumetric count of vehicles running the red lights on the signalized routes. The research, therefore, found out that, majority of the violators of the traffic signals were the motorcycle riders, closely followed by the tricycle operators; the commercial vehicle owners also form a major percentage of violators of the red light rules in the city. The research, therefore, recommended that strict measures aimed at ensuring immediate compliance with the traffic signals should be implemented, through fines and sanctions on violators to impoundment of offending vehicles. The research concluded that, if instant measures are not put in place to check the menace of the red light running, it will have a serious adverse effect on the social and economic strata of the city.

C. Silverman

Mateja Savoie-Roskos, Heidi LeBlanc, Casey Coombs et al.

Many farmers markets are now accepting federal nutrition assistance benefits through programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), allowing program participants to use their benefits for purchasing locally grown fruits and vegetables. Select farmers markets that accept SNAP benefits offer nutrition education through recipe testing, cooking demonstrations, and recipe cards for market patrons. Minimal data, however, have been collected to determine the effectiveness of the educational materials used at farmers markets. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program through Utah State University Extension collected initial and follow-up data from farmers market patrons through directly administered questionnaires. These questionnaires measured the impact of the food samples, recipe cards, and produce information posters shared with SNAP and non-SNAP participants at six Utah farmers markets in 2014 and 2015. Farmers market vendors were also surveyed to determine the influence of the SNAP-Ed booth on food sales and market value. Results of this study show that SNAP participants (n=140) are significantly more likely (p<0.05) than non-SNAP participants (n=917) to be influenced by the educational strategies utilized at the SNAP-Ed farmers market booth. Market vendors also reported increased produce sales as a result of having the SNAP-Ed booth at the market. Offering nutrition education at farmers markets that accept SNAP benefits is one way to educate low-income shoppers on how to select, store, and prepare local produce; it may also increase the overall amount of produce purchased at the market.

Hikmet Gökmen, Burcu Gülay Taşçı

Due to the effects of industrialization, urbanization and correspondingly aroused environmental degradation in this century, children cannot get involved in the urban life sufficiently. A good city is child-centered and child friendly from all aspects. Recently, studies concerning the importance of child participation are carried out for designing child friendly cities. Within this context, this study aims to obtain the views of children about the 'child friendly city' via a case study held in three different districts of Izmir. Tools of open-ended questions and drawing tasks are used in obtaining the views. The case study is planned in two stages. The first stage was held in two schools within the central city of Izmir one with low, and other with high socio-economic data. In these schools, yet there are no works or future plans of district municipalities on the issue of 'child friendly city'. The aim in here is to examine the impacts of socio-economic data on perception of children. The second stage of the study is held in Seferihisar, a peripheral district outside the center of Izmir. Known with its vision of slow city, Seferihisar Municipality has considered the issue of being 'a child friendly city' in its strategic plan and accomplished various works relatedly. Within this context, the impacts of municipal works on the perception of children are examined with a mid-level group irrespective of their socio-economic states. Comparing and later interpreting the results of this dual research, the views of children on 'child friendly city' are found out paving the way for evaluation of the children's views, which enables to take the first step for Izmir to reach the criteria of the child friendly city. The findings of the study involve important data for the future, to be of interest of architects and planners in particular.

Igor A. Zaharenko

Article is devoted to methodological approach to studying the East. Russian orientalism can successfully develop basing on the its national culture and active cooperation with the world orientalism.

Mughees Ahmed

A. Kuhn

B. Ravivenkat, Uddagatti Venkatesha

Jerald E. Podair

Iman Metouri

M. Greyling