In the midst of closure and securitization of border regimes, climate-change displacement, and entrenched inequalities, migrant communities are not just surviving but creating new sites of resistance, creativity, and adaptation to their worlds in crisis. This paper explores how migrant-solidarity organizations function as epistemic spaces of invention and resistance in South Africa among Zimbabwean, Pakistani, and Cameroonian migrant communities in Parow Valley, Summer Greens, and Kensington (Cape Town). Based on 250 household surveys and 12 qualitative in-depth interviews, the paper explores how migrant-led social movements become sites of agency, social resilience, and resistance to marginalization habitually employed by state policy and academic scholarship. These forms of solidarity networks, which are essentially national in scope, maintain food security at a household level, access to livelihood, and socioemotional well-being. Group savings, mutual support, and rotating credit associations enable these networks to build adaptive capacities to deal with uncertain migration status and socio-economic risk. They constitute resilient, informal social safety nets for food, income, and affective resources that go beyond what formal mechanisms can provide. By situating migrant practice and epistemologies, the paper challenges hegemonic discourses that position migrants as passive. Instead, it positions everyday solidarities at the site of politicized invention and resistance. It situates where these practices intersect with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 (zero hunger), SDG 8 (decent work), and SDG 10 (reduced inequalities). It establishes a decolonial, plural migration knowledge positioning migrants as co-producers, policy entrepreneurs, and change agents.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Resumen: Este artículo analiza la organización social del cuidado como sistema transfronterizo en la Triple Frontera del Paraná (TFP), territorio transnacional compuesto por Puerto Iguazú (Argentina), Foz do Iguaçu (Brasil), Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) y áreas adyacentes. El objetivo principal es examinar cómo la demanda y oferta de servicios de cuidados, tanto gratuitos como remunerados, sean públicos o privados, configuran un sistema supranacional que estimula flujos de movilidad humana circular transfronteriza. La metodología es sistémica, con análisis multiescalar comparado que examina las complementariedades y asimetrías entre sistemas nacionales de protección social que ofrecen servicios públicos de cuidados. Se constata la existencia de un mercado transfronterizo de bienes y servicios de cuidados que opera en el marco de un sistema urbano transnacional, evidenciando direccionalidades específicas en los flujos de movilidad según el tipo de servicios demandados y las características institucionales de cada contexto nacional.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
María Belén Reinoso-Cataldo, Valeria Stuardo, Cecilia Bustos-Ibarra
et al.
In the last decade, Chile has emerged as a receiving country for migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The scale of this phenomenon has sparked increasing interest in understanding its impact on various sectors such as healthcare and education. This study aims to characterize the scientific evidence and official reports on international migration toward Chile from 1990 to 2024. A scoping review was conducted. Global inclusion criteria: These encompassed articles and official reports published between 1990 and 2024 focusing on the migrant population toward Chile. Databases for the articles: These included PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and SciELO. Keywords: These included Transients and Migrants, Emigration and Immigration, Population Dynamics, Human Migration, Chile, South America, Latin America, and Freedom of Movement. Sources for the official reports: These included National Statistics Institute (INE for its acronym in Spanish); Department of Immigration and Foreign Services; Jesuit Migrant Service; National Human Rights Institute (INDH for its acronym in Spanish); and The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). No keywords were used. Global variables: These included type of study, sociodemographic characteristics, type of migration, object of study, main results, limitations, and conclusions. A concordance test of the questionnaire was conducted for the articles and official reports, yielding 91 % and 94 % agreement between observers, respectively.Accordingly, 21 articles and 28 official reports were included. In both types of sources, the study population included the entire life cycle, primarily from countries in LAC. The observed types of migration included international (voluntary, forced, or humanitarian). Articles focused on measuring mental health (MH) and the access/use of healthcare services. Regarding MH, it was observed that the young migrant population exhibited worse indicators than the adult population, while both migrant and Chilean populations exhibited similar MH statistics, with socioeconomic level (SEL) being a significant determinant. Access to healthcare services has increased among the migrant population and is contingent upon SEL. Only two articles have addressed subjects related to reproductive health, with none discussing sexual health. Official reports focused on characterizing the population and their access to services (healthcare, education, housing, occupational situation), border mobility, poverty index, social perceptions, and inclusion. Most studies have utilized secondary data provided by official sources.Migration toward Chile primarily involves south–south migration, sociodemographic characterization, and issues accessing services, including healthcare. Results highlight a scarcity of studies collecting primary data, leading to a lack of relevant indicators for understanding aspects such as migration causes, attracting factors, migration trajectory, migration status, cross-cultural relationships, or sexual health.
Public aspects of medicine, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Abstract This study attempts to fill an important gap in the empirical literature by investigating the impact of institutional quality in destination countries on emigrants from Türkiye using bilateral migration data from 2010 through 2020. For this purpose, the study builds an augmented gravity model, including economic, geographic, and cultural variables in an exponential form and estimates it by the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. Empirical results significantly confirm the pulling role of strong institutions in destination countries for emigrants from Türkiye since all institutional quality indicators are positively associated with emigrant movements, albeit just one of them, regulatory quality, is statistically insignificant. Among indicators of institutional quality, the most pulling ones for emigrants are voice and accountability and the rule of law, followed by government effectiveness, control of corruption, and political stability and absence of violence, respectively. Overall results indicate that institutions are front‐line players in the emigrants' migration decision and destination choice process. In this context, policy‐makers in both Türkiye and the destination country may implement an institutional policy considering the outcomes stemming from migration movements.
Akmanat Abuova, Nurlan Baigabylov, Mukhtar Abdikakimov
et al.
The research aims to describe the social and economic integration of Kazakh migrants in Turkey. Amongst the objectives of this scientific work are research on Kazakh migration into Turkey in the first half of the twentieth century and the determination of reasons and prerequisites for such a process. The primary methods of this research are historical and logical analysis, induction and deduction, and synthesis. The article covers the Kazakh migration to Turkey, the integration process of Kazakhs into Turkey, and the reasons, prerequisites, and factors that led to the migration of Kazakhs from East Turkistan.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Dhia Elhaq Rzig, Alaa Houerbi, Chungha Sung
et al.
Continuous Integration (CI) is a widely adopted practice for faster code change integration and testing. Developers often migrate between CI systems in pursuit of features like matrix building or better logging. However, this migration is effort intensive and error-prone owing to limited knowledge of the new CI system and its syntax. Moreover, these migrations require multiple iterations and significant time to achieve stability in the new CI system, and there is insufficient support for the automatic migration of CI configurations. To mitigate this, we propose a novel approach for CI system's automatic migration: CIMig. Our approach utilizes Example-Based mining, where it extracts translation rules and configuration patterns from existing migration examples, and employs them to reproduce this migration in new contexts. To empirically validate and evaluate our approach, we apply it to the migration between Travis CI and GitHub Actions. We gathered learnings from 1001 projects, and then applied them to migrate an evaluation set of 251 projects. This helped us perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of CIMig, and we contextualize our results by comparing them with those of the manual-rule-based GitHub Actions Importer. Furthermore, our tool generated files that were rated favorably by developers and saved them an average of 42.4 minutes over the manual migration of these same projects. Our learning-based approach is also more flexible, as proven by our ability to apply it to migrate GitHub Actions files to Travis, which GitHub Actions Importer can not do. We believe CIMig is the first approach of its kin to migrate CI systems and can be applied to other software configuration system migrations. Our replication package is available at [5].
As QUIC gains attention, more applications that leverage its capabilities are emerging. These include defenses against on-path IP tracking and traffic analysis. However, the deployment of the underlying required support for connection migration remains largely unexplored. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the support of the QUIC connection migration mechanism over the Internet. We perform Internet-wide scans revealing that despite a rapid evolution in the deployment of QUIC on web servers, some of the most popular destinations do not support connection migration yet.
Jordi Font-Reverter, Alejandro Torres-Sánchez, Guillermo Vilanova
et al.
In a prototypical mode of single-cell migration, retrograde cytoskeletal flow is mechanically coupled to the environment, propels the cell, and is sustained by an anterograde cytosolic flow of disassembled cytoskeletal components. Supracellular collectives also develop fountain-flows to migrate, but the opposing cellular streams interact with the environment producing conflicting forces. To understand the biophysical constraints of fountain-flow supracellular migration, we develop an active gel model of a cell cluster driven by a polarized peripheral contractile cable. While the model develops fountain-flows and directed migration, efficiency and cluster velocity are extremely small compared to observations. We find that patterned friction or cluster-polarized single-cell directed migration, both suggested by contact inhibition of locomotion, rescue robust and efficient supracellular migration.
Sauvik Chatterjee, Sougata Biswas, and Arunava Chakrabarti
Flat, non-dispersive bands and topological phase transition in multiple Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains, cross-linked via periodically arranged nodal points are explored within a tight binding framework. We give analytic prescription, based on a real space decimation scheme, that extracts the energy eigenvalues corresponding to the flat bands along with their degeneracy. The topological phase transition is confirmed through the existence of quantized Zak phase for all the Bloch bands, and the edge states that are protected by chiral symmetry, consistent with the bulk-boundary correspondence. In addition to the edge states, the entangled systems are shown to give rise to clusters of localized eigenstates in the bulk of the system, in contrast to a purely one dimensional SSH system.
After Twitter's ownership change and policy shifts, many users reconsidered their go-to social media outlets and platforms like Mastodon, Bluesky, and Threads became attractive alternatives in the battle for users. Based on the data from over 14,000 users who migrated to these platforms within the first eight weeks after the launch of Threads, our study examines: (1) distinguishing attributes of Twitter users who migrated, compared to non-migrants; (2) temporal migration patterns and associated challenges for sustainable migration faced by each platform; and (3) how these new platforms are perceived in relation to Twitter. Our research proceeds in three stages. First, we examine migration from a broad perspective, not just one-to-one migration. Second, we leverage behavioral analysis to pinpoint the distinct migration pattern of each platform. Last, we employ a Large Language Model (LLM) to discern stances towards each platform and correlate them with the platform usage. This in-depth analysis illuminates migration patterns amid competition across social media platforms.
This paper presents a physical perspective on the human migration phenomenon claiming that human social behaviors are somehow but not completely inspired by nature. Human displacement or migration in the world is highly affected by equivalent weighted wealth and multidimensional poverty distribution across countries. In this work, it has been shown that the equivalent weighted wealth as an important characteristic of a society can be introduced in a mathematical language in terms of a country gross productivity factor, safety and social factors, environmental and economic factors, political and healthy factors, educational and cultural factors and so on using some weights, where these weights can be determined using regression or machine learning techniques. By inspiring from the natural phenomena such as heat conduction models; heat conduction and heat convection models, a constitutive model for migration flow rate in terms of the equivalent weighted wealth gradient descent has been given where accompanying with other balance laws it can make possible to determine wealth distribution and migration flow rate across the world. Some critical conditions such as earthquakes, war, famine, insecurity, and more prevent the natural transmission of wealth and lead to the intensification of non-uniformity in wealth distribution. The increase in the equivalent weighted wealth difference between countries leads to an enhanced legal migration rate as well as a boosted illegal migration flow rate where it exceeds a threshold value. The introduced nature-inspired model could significantly predict wealth distribution as well as migration rate, which will have helped those who try to have a world with a logical almost uniform equivalent weighted wealth distribution and will have made the world a better place for all of the people.
Tor Sporsem, Anastasiia Tkalich, Nils Brede Moe
et al.
Software product innovation in large organizations is fundamentally chal-lenging because of restrained freedom and flexibility to conduct experi-ments. As a response, large agile companies form internal startups to initiate employ-driven innovation, inspired by Lean startup. This case study investi-gates how communities of practice support five internal startups in develop-ing new software products within a large organization. We observed six communities of practice meetings, two workshops and conducted ten semi-structured interviews over the course of a year. Our findings show that a community of practice, called the Innovation guild, allowed internal startups to help each other by collectively solving problems, creating shared practic-es, and sharing knowledge. This study confirms that benefits documented in earlier research into CoPs also hold true in the context of software product innovation in large organizations. Henceforth, we suggest that similar innova-tion guilds, as described in this paper, can support large companies in the in-novation race for new software products.
Bilel Elbetch, Tounsia Benzekri, Daniel Massart
et al.
This paper considers a multi-patch model, where each patch follows a logistic law, and patches are coupled by asymmetrical migration terms. First, in the case of perfect mixing, i.e when the migration rate tends to infinity, the total population follows a logistic equation with a carrying capacity which in general is different from the sum of the n carrying capacities, and depends on the migration terms. Second, we determine, in some particular cases, the conditions under which fragmentation and asymmetrical migration can lead to a total equilibrium population greater or smaller than the sum of the carrying capacities. Finally, for the three-patch model, we show numerically the existence of at least three critical values of the migration rate for which the total equilibrium population equals the sum of the carrying capacities.
We study the radial migration of stars as a function of orbital action as well as the structural properties of a large suite of N-body simulations of isolated disc galaxies. Our goal is to establish a relationship between the radial migration efficiency of stars and their vertical action. We aim to describe how that relationship depends on the relative gravitational dominance between the disc and the dark matter halo. By changing the mass ratio of our disc and dark matter halo we find a relationship between disc dominance, number and strength of spiral arms, and the ensuing radial migration as a function of the vertical action. We conclude that the importance of migration at large vertical action depends on the strength of the spiral arms and therefore the dominance of the disc. Populations with more radial action undergo less radial migration, independently of disc dominance. Our results are important for the future of analytical modelling of radial migration in galaxies and furthers the understanding of radial migration which is a key component of the restructuring of galaxies, including the Milky Way.
Cell migration, which can be significantly affected by intracellular signaling pathways (ICSP) and extracellular matrix (ECM), plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. The efficiency of cell migration, which is typically modeled as a persistent random walk (PRW), depends on two critical motility parameters, i.e., migration speed and persistence. It is generally very challenging to efficiently and accurately extract these key dynamics parameters from noisy experimental data. Here, we employ the normalized Shannon entropy to quantify the deviation of cell migration dynamics from that of diffusive/ballistic motion as well as to derive the persistence of cell migration based on the Fourier power spectrum of migration velocities. Moreover, we introduce the time-varying Shannon entropy based on the wavelet power spectrum of cellular dynamics and demonstrate its superior utility to characterize the time-dependent persistence of cell migration, which is typically resulted from complex and time-varying intra or extra-cellular mechanisms. We employ our approach to analyze trajectory data of in vitro cell migration regulated by distinct intracellular and extracellular mechanisms, exhibiting a rich spectrum of dynamic characteristics. Our analysis indicates that the combination of Shannon entropy and wavelet transform offers a simple and efficient tool to estimate the persistence of cell migration, which may also reflect the real-time effects of ICSP-ECM to some extent.
Planetary migration is a key link between planet formation models and observed exoplanet statistics. So far the theory of migration has focused on the interaction of planets with an inviscid or viscously evolving disk. Turbulent viscosity is thought to be the main driver of disk evolution and is known to affect the migration process. Recently, the topic of wind-driven accretion is experiencing a renaissance, as evidence is mounting that PPDs may be less turbulent than previously thought, and 3-D non-ideal MHD modeling of the wind-launching process is maturing. Aim: We wish to investigate how wind-driven accretion may affect migration. We aim for a qualitative exploration of the main effects, rather than a quantitative prediction. Methods: We perform 2-D hydrodynamic simulations with the FARGO3D code in the $(r,φ)$-plane. The vertical coordinate and the launching of the wind are not treated explicitly. Instead, the torque of the wind onto the disk is treated using a simple 2-parameter formula treating the wind mass loss rate and the lever arm. Results: We find that the wind-driven accretion process has a different way of replenishing the co-orbital region than the viscous accretion. The former always injects mass from the outer edge of the co-orbital region and removes mass from the inner edge, while the latter injects or removes mass from the co-orbital region depending on the radial density gradients in the disk. The migration behavior can differ very much and under certain conditions it can drive rapid type-III-like outward migration. We derive an analytic expression for the parameters under which this outward migration occurs. Conclusion: If wind-driven accretion plays a role in the secular evolution of PPDs, migration studies have to include this process as well, because it can strongly affect the resulting migration rate and direction.
Paul Rapin-Thoyras (1661-1725), a Huguenot, is well-known for his book Histoire d’Angleterre. In this article, we focus on his early days, from his youth to his appointment as the head-tutor to Henry Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, son of the powerful associate of King William III, Hans William Bentinck, the Earl of Portland. By following education, the choices he made in life and career, by reconstructing his rather elaborate networks, we trace how the young Huguenot refugee manages to move beyond military service and achieve this high nomination. Finally, Rapin’s path is compared to other refugees who found themselves in a similar situation.Paul Rapin-Thoyras (1661-1725) est un Huguenot bien connu pour son livre Histoire d’Angleterre. Le but de cet article, qui concerne la première partie de sa vie, est de montrer les mesures par lesquelles Rapin-Thoyras est devenu le gouverneur du fils de Hans Willem Bentinck, earl de Portland, un des favoris de Roi Guillaume III d’Angleterre. Reconstruire son éducation, les choix qu’il a effectués et ses réseaux va permettre de découvrir comment un jeune émigré huguenot a échangé une carrière militaire pour un poste d’éducation dans la haute société. Finalement, une comparaison est faite avec d’autres huguenots qui se trouvaient dans une situation semblable.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Avtor v članku raziskuje ohranjanje vezi diasporičnih skupnosti z izvorno državo in navezanost na tamkajšnje dogajanje. Ugotavlja, da se to običajno še okrepi v kriznih in prelomnih časih. Avstralski Slovenci so se najbolj angažirali med demokratizacijskimi in osamosvojitvenimi procesi v Sloveniji, takratno dogajanje pe še vedno odzvanja pri njihovih današnjih pogledih na matično državo. V empiričnem delu članka avtor na podlagi polstrukturiranih intervjujev s skrbno izbranimi referenčnimi osebami ugotavlja, kako (izbrani) avstralski Slovenci gledajo na stanje demokratične in pravne države v Sloveniji dobrih petindvajset let po njeni osamosvojitvi in demokratizaciji.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Uma análise do cotidiano operário em Santo Aleixo (distrito de Magé, Rio de Janeiro), revela a existência de um complexo processo de criação e sedimentação de identidades, desencadeado pelo entrelaçamento de redes de relações sociais construídas a partir da centralidade do trabalho fabril. Tal processo foi complexificado por outras solidariedades, forjadas nas associações recreativas, que, embora formadas a partir do investimento patronal, não representam espaços de recepção passiva de seus valores ideológicos, mas lugares de manifestações culturais que refletem tensões e negociações presentes nas relações inter e intragrupos ou classes. A documentação histórica produzida pelos próprios protagonistas desta história (depoimentos orais e atas de reuniões das associações), em diálogo com uma rica produção bibliográfica sobre o tema, são suporte e fundamento das ideias apresentadas no presente artigo.
Palavras-chave: trabalho, identidades, associativismo.