Hasil untuk "Biography"

Anna V. Dobryashkina

The writer Anna Seghers (1900-1983) is a crucial figure in the literature of the GDR and a major participant in the post-war Soviet-German dialogue. Until recently, researchers, both German and Russian, had little interest in her. In German, the American Germanist of Austrian origin K. Zehl Romero published her most complete biography and two volumes of selected letters. In Russian German studies, there are no fundamental studies of the life and work of Seghers. This article presents the history of Seghers’s relations with the Soviet Writers’ Union in the post-war period. Seghers regularly came to the USSR at the invitation of the SWU, the Committee for International Lenin Prizes, or on her initiative, not only for creative purposes but also for recreation and treatment. The writer corresponded with a large number of Soviet authors and literary scholars (T.L. Motyleva, L. Kopelev, V. Stezhensky, I. Ehrenburg, et al.). The collaboration between the German writer and the SWU was defined by both parties as “friendship.” Based on letters preserved in two archives (in the Moscow RGALI and the Berlin Anna-Seghers-Archive), the article examines the main lines of the writer’s relations with her Soviet colleagues. Despite the fact that in the history of post-war Soviet-German contacts the concept of friendship, being the ideological dominant of the cultural policy of the USSR, meant business partnership, the author of the article comes to the conclusion about truly warm and trusting relations between Seghers and her Soviet friends.

Sayana B. Bukhogolova, Soelma R. Batomunkueva, Snezhana P. Garmaeva

Introduction. The article examines the biography and works of the 5th abbot of Aginsky datsan (Dechen Lhundublin) Galsan Zhimba Tuguldurov. The relevance of the study is determined by importance of the personality of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov. He was one of the most significant Buryat Buddhist leaders of the 19th century. Tuguldurov was one of the bright representatives of the Buryat priesthood, expert in Buddhist philosophy, astrology, medicine and lexicology (he compiled the first Buryat Tibetan-Mongolian dictionary Despite the weight of his multifaceted personality and the presence of works reflecting his activities, the information about the details of G. Tuguldurov's biography and writings continues to remain little known. The purpose of the article is to provide historiographic overview of researches on his biography and creative heritage, introduce some new information into scientific circulation. This information was obtained from archive documents written in Old Mongolic script from the preliminary translation of not studied before biography (namthar) of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov in Tibetan language. The title of the namthar is “The biography of Galsan-Zhimba Balzangpo — the abbot of the datsan Dechen Lhundubling (bde chen lhun grub gling gi khri pa chos rje skal bzang spyin pa dpal bzang po’i rnam thar gyi sa bon bzhugs)”. Materials and methods. The research is based on the works of Russian and Mongolian authors written in different times, archival data from funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia, Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of the SB RAS and namthar of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov in Tibetan language (archive of Aginsky datsan). The following methods were used: collection, analysis and processing of data, historical-systematic and retrospective analysis. The results of the research helped to restore the chronology of activities of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov. For the first time the biography of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov with additional and clarifying information has been put into scientific circulation. Therefore, the restored biography of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov can make a significant contribution into academic researches, especially into reconstruction of the spread of Buddhism in the region.

Anna Gaidash

In the close reading of Natal’ya Vorozhbit’s drama Bad Roads (2017), Yevgeniya Podobna’s book of stories and memoirs titled Girls Cutting Their Locks (2018), and Tamara Duda’s novel Daughter (2019), the author of the article examines the relations between subject and object of the Donbas war texts in the framework of their creation, auto/biographic nature, gender optics, and therapeutic effect. The goal of the study is to analyze how auto/biographical narratives employ actualization of life, leading to the fictionalization of drama and prose texts, which results in heterobiography or synthesis of auto/biographical narratives with heterobiographies. Mostly processed by professional writers, the documentary accounts of military experience of women characters convey the evidence of Zeitgeist, which forms a unique writing in modern war literature. The paper discusses the perspective of women, forms of undermining patriarchy, and rhetoric of “national autobiography” along with self-consciousness and self-reflexivity as markers of auto/biographical texts of Ukrainian women writers of the period in the selected texts.

Gorazd Bajc, Tomaž Hvala, Darko Friš

During the Second World War, Franc Snoj, a politician of the Catholic Slovenian People’s Party and minister in the Yugoslav government in exile, made efforts to win the sympathy of the American public for the political aims of the Yugoslav government in the United States during the period 1941–1943 (during his first visit in September 1941 and a second visit from December 1941 to May 1943). In particular, he sought to win the support of the large local immigrant community of American Slovenes and other Yugoslav emigrants for the Party’s objectives, namely the unification of the entire Slovenian territory (the so-called United Slovenia programme) as an autonomous (federal) part of the restored Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Snoj encountered many obstacles: the Yugoslav idea was increasingly weakened by the conflicts between Serbs and Croats; republican ideas were strongly present among the American Slovenes who rejected the monarchy; the growing competitiveness of some political rivals of a liberal orientation, who were active in the wartime emigration (from the beginning Ivan Marija Čok, and later also Boris Furlan); the efforts of Italian anti-fascists (epitomised by Carlo Sforza), who were opposed to the change of the national border in favour of Yugoslavia. An additional problem was the different world-view definitions, which increased among the American Slovenes, after they had learned in autumn 1942 that Tito’s partisans were fighting against the invaders in Yugoslavia, while the Yugoslav government in exile continued to support Mihailović’s Chetniks. In the united organisation of American Slovenes to help the ‘old homeland’, the Slovene American National Council, which was formed in December 1942, they finally decided to support only the partisan movement, contrary to Snoj’s expectations (which, however, led to a final split among American Slovenes). This was especially advocated by the well-known Slovene-American writer Louis Adamič – until then he and Snoj had worked together correctly. It can therefore be said that Snoj did not fully fulfil the political task, which he was sent to accomplish in the United States. He always tried to be loyal to the leaders of his party, which was in exile led by Miha Krek, although it was obviously difficult for him to reconcile his actions with pragmatic choices, such as Krek’s support for the Greater Serbia advocate Konstantin Fotić. In the United States, Snoj also had a lot of contact with the US intelligence service, the Office of Strategic Services, which was pleased with him because he sent them a lot of material. In this respect, Snoj (like some other individuals) cannot be described as a classic agent or a confidential undercover collaborator. One can imagine that he also tried to lobby the US authorities for Slovenian war demands and objectives through such connections.

Sulis Rifamatul Muslimah, Rizal Zamzami

This research discusses the role of Egyptian Kyai Ageng Mohammad in the spread of Islam in Ngadirogo Hamlet, Podorejo Village, Sumbergempol District, Tulungagung Regency, 1790-1818. Kyai Ageng Mohammad Egypt is a cleric who spread Islamic teachings and values ​​in Ngadirogo who previously embraced Hindu-Buddhist religion so he was able to convert the majority of Ngadirogo people to Islam. The aim of this research is to explain the biography and contribution of Kyai Ageng Mohammad Egypt in spreading Islam in Ngadirogo. The research method used is a historical research method with four stages, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography by utilizing oral data sources through interviews and library sources. The results of this research are that Kyai Ageng Mohammad Egypt contributed to spreading Islam in Ngadirogo by teaching the basics of Islam about monotheism and the pillars of Islam and establishing a mosque as a center for preaching. The preaching carried out by Kyai Ageng Mohammad Egypt spread beyond Ngadirogo, thereby creating a spiritual connection. with a student, namely Regent Raden Tumenggung Partowijoyo, who later influenced the change in the status of the Ngrowo Duchy to Tulungagung Regency.

Yi Zhou, Yi Zhou, Shaoli Huang et al.

BackgroundTo assess whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) has a better performance in identifying HIV-infected cases than the facility-based HIV testing (HIVFBT) approach.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM) by using an online questionnaire (including information on sociodemographic, sexual biography, and HIV testing history) and blood samples (for limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay, gene subtype testing, and taking confirmed HIV test). MSM who were firstly identified as HIV positive through HIVST and HIVFBT were compared. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to explore any association between both groups and their subgroups.ResultsIn total, 124 MSM HIV cases were identified from 2017 to 2021 in Zhuhai, China, including 60 identified through HIVST and 64 through HIVFBT. Participants in the HIVST group were younger (≤30 years, 76.7% vs. 46.9%), were better educated (>high school, 61.7% vs. 39.1%), and had higher viral load (≥1,000 copies/ml, 71.7% vs. 50.0%) than MSM cases identified through HIVFBT. The proportion of early HIV infection in the HIVST group was higher than in the HIVFBT group, identified using four recent infection testing algorithms (RITAs) (RITA 1, 46.7% vs. 25.0%; RITA 2, 43.3% vs. 20.3%; RITA 3, 30.0% vs. 14.1%; RITA 4, 26.7% vs. 10.9%; all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study showed that HIVST has better HIV early detection among MSM and that recent HIV infection cases mainly occur in younger and better-educated MSM. Compared with HIVFBT, HIVST is more accessible to the most at-risk population on time and tends to identify the case early. Further implementation studies are needed to fill the knowledge gap on this medical service model among MSM and other target populations.

Stefano Benini

The oncological disease experience is counted as a wound in the body and mind attributable to a traumatic experience that fragments and disorients the person’s biography. The neoplasia leaves marks and scars in both somatic and existential level. The illness experience suggests to patient to look for meaning that cannot be unheard. The literature associating the concept of liminality in oncological disease to understand the process of meaning making. The definition of new horizons of meaning, generated by crossing the limen, opens up a new self-awareness and worldview. The autopoietic dimension present in oncological disease reveals new scenarios of generativity and existential planning in the direction of self-realization in the cipher of the possible. The contribution presents the story of Anastasia, a 41-years-old nurse. A few months after her new marriage and close to a professional promotion, she receives the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma: a very aggressive, low-incidence, neoplasia, without specific therapeutic lines and with a negative prognosis. Anastasia’s words, thoughts and emotions, collected in the course of some testimonies in a university classroom, are analyzed and deciphered within the pedagogical paradigm, refering to the perspective of pedagogical problematicism and phenomenological pedagogy.

O. Ponypaliak

The author examined the life military and political activity of Dmytro Bilinchuk, who was the commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA – in Ukrainian) and the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) on the territory of the Carpathian region of Ukraine during the armed activity of the Ukrainian liberation movement. The researcher studied the history of D. Bilinchuk’s service in the «Peremoha» battalion of the Kolomyia Tactical Group of UPA (TV-21 «Hutsulshchyna») and his work in the underground of the OUN. The scientist analyzes the work of D. Bilinchuk in the Security Service of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, his participation in armed actions in the UPA military and combat units against the German and Soviet troops and security forces on the territory of Hutsul region. The author made a study of the Bilinchuk’s family investigated the reasons and prerequisites for D. Bilinchuk’s accedence to the Ukrainian liberation movement. The scientist used in the research a scientific historiographical base, archival published and unpublished materials from the State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in Kyiv. The basis of this scientific work is the Soviet criminal case No. 9866 (contains interrogation protocols of this UPA commander), which was not studied in the context of the study of the biography of D. Bilinchuk. At the same time, in the article the researcher provides biographical information of others UPA commanders and OUN supporters. In general, the author has studied the biography of D. Bilinchuk in the context of the history of the Second World War and the activities of the Ukrainian liberation movement in the middle of the XX century.

Kenan Tekin

This paper reviews the book entitled “The Creation of Philosophical Tradition: Biography and the Reception of Avicenna's Philosophy from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century A.D.” by Ahmad al-Rahim.

Kathleen Gyssels

The novels by André and Simone Schwarz-Bart have been well translated and by the best translators. Whether it be André's novels (La Mulâtresse Solitude being translated by Ralph Mannheim, L'Étoile du matin by Julie Rose, two experts whom we have been following for many years) or Le Dernier des Justes (Stephen Becker) for the English, or Ti Jean L'Horizon and Pluie et vent both translated by Barbara Bray (the companion of Samuel Beckett whose biography is still awaited to shed light on Beckett's relationship with our authors, both having visited the Moulin d'Andé, Gyssels in press in Il Tolomeo), the novels also benefited from a German touch. Starting from the covers chosen for the German translations, I look at the shifts occurring both in terms of content and profile of the authors. The biggest "flaw" we could find, however, is a Norwegian translation, strangely illustrated by what passes for an anti-Semitic caricature. It is by examining these paratextual elements and the promotional texts accompanying it that a call for vigilance for the [re-]editions, the management and decisions whether and how to release unpublished schwarz- bart’s files are raised.

Sven-Philipp Brandt

Abstract: This article deals with the ‘Roman’ Historian Flavius Josephus, who had his roots in a foreign region (in Jerusalem and beyond) and lived as an immigrant in Rome after the biographical interruption constituted by the bellum Iudaicum. This paper aims to scrutinize how this experience of being an immigrant in Rome influenced Flavius’ historical works and how the transformation of his status and identity is reflected in his works.

M. Csíkszentmihályi, O. Beattie

Anna Stodter, C. Cushion

Jean-Marc Leveratto

Questionning the way film reflects upon artistic work compels us to consider the many ways in which “the observer is himself a part of the observation”, according to Lévi-Strauss famous comment of Marcel Mauss' sociological approach. Depending on the type of video production, the chosen focus, the target audience, its aspect, and finally, the kind of artistic work promoted, the camera's power of unveiling can be defeated and reach a form of self-celebration by the artist and for the artist. The history of cinematography technique provides a relevant frame to examine this ambiguous use of the cinematographic outlook on the artist, as the assimilation of art and work cannot be parted from their tension. Analysing the representation of artistic work in film reveals the sociological issues of the artist's imlage and its evolution, studied by Ernst Kris and Otto Kurz in the famous Legend, myth, and magic in the image of the artist. Embracing the spectator's focus and analysing the social construction of its posture towards the artist allow us to recognise the anthropological value of this hobby, and to restore its function of a measuring device – measuring what a camera has done to art, and what has art done to the camera.

Witold Wołodkiewicz

Henryk Kupiszewski’s Vision of Roman LawSummary This article is an extended version of the author’s paper delivered at the International Conference held at the University of Warsaw to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the death of Professor Henryk Kupiszewski. The author presents the biography and academic developments in the life of Kupiszewski, a student of Wacław Osuchowski, Rafał Taubenschlag, and Max Kaser. He then goes on to discuss Kupiszewski’s main research interests. Starting with papyrology for the legal sciences, Kupiszewski moved on to research on the internal history of classical Roman law and finally to the study of the impact of Roman law on contemporary law and legal culture. The author also recalls Kupiszewski’s work in international co-operation in scholarship and for the Polish diplomatic service as ambassador to the Vatican.

Céline Coderey

Based on fieldwork conducted in the Thandwe area of Arakan (Burma), this article explores pharmaceutical pluralism and the important role it plays in people’s health-seeking process, especially through the practice of self-medication. People choose among the different products available and often use self-medication instead of consulting a specialist. The aim of the paper is to show how this largely stems from the individuals’ conceptions about the composition and the “biography” of the products, as well as from the political, social and economic contexts in which they live.

Oscar Wilde

William C. Stinchcombe, D. J. Garrow

Case, Michael

An investigation of the views on space and time of the Russian polymath Pavel Florensky (1882-1937). After a brief account of his life, I study Florensky’s conception of time in The Meaning of Idealism (1914), where he first confronts Einstein’s theory of special relativity, comparing it to Plato’s metaphor of the Cave and Goethe’s myth of the Mothers. Later, in his Analysis of spatiality and time, Florensky speaks of a person’s biography as a four-dimensional unity, in which the temporal coordinate is examined in sections. In On the Imaginaries in Geometry (1922), Florensky argues that the speed of light is not, as in Relativity, an absolute speed limit in the universe. When bodies approach and then surpass the speed of light, they are transformed into unextended, eternal Platonic forms. Beyond this point, time runs in reverse, effects precede their causes, and efficient causality is transformed into final or teleological causality, a concept on which Florensky elaborates in his Iconostasis. Florensky thus transformed the findings of Einsteinian relativity in order to make room for Plato’s intelligible Ideas, the Aristotelian distinction between a changing realm of earth and the immutable realm of the heavens, and the notion of teleology or final causation. His notion that man can approximate God’s vision of past, present and future all at once, as if from above, is reminiscent of Boethius’ ideas.