We present an analytical solution to the angle-finding problem in quantum signal processing (QSP) for monomials of odd degree. Specifically, we show that to implement a monomial of degree \( n \), where \( n \) is odd, it suffices to choose powers of a primitive \( n \)-th root of unity as QSP phase angles. Our approach departs from standard numerical methods and is rooted in a group-theoretic argument. Being fully analytical, it eliminates numerical errors and reduces computational overhead in QSP implementation of odd monomials. Such use cases arise, for example, in quantum computing, where self-adjoint contractions are embedded into unitary operators acting on extended Hilbert spaces.
We classify two-dimensional right-angled Coxeter groups that are quasiisometric to a right-angled Artin group defined by a tree, and show that when this is true the right-angled Coxeter group actually contains a visible finite index right-angled Artin subgroup.
Logarithmic angle-dependent gauge transformations are symmetries of electromagnetism that are canonically conjugate to the standard $\mathcal O(1)$ angle-dependent $u(1)$ transformations. They were exhibited a few years ago at spatial infinity. In this paper, we derive their explicit form at null infinity. We also derive the expression there of the associated "conserved" surface integrals. To that end, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the behaviour of the electromagnetic vector potential $A_μ$ in the vicinity of null infinity for generic initial conditions given on a Cauchy hypersurface. This behaviour is given by a polylogarithmic expansion involving both gauge-invariant logarithmic terms also present in the field strengths and gauge-variant logarithmic terms with physical content, which we identify. We show on which explicit terms, and how, do the logarithmic angle-dependent gauge transformations act. Other results of this paper are a derivation of the matching conditions for the Goldstone boson and for the conserved charges of the angle-dependent $u(1)$ asymptotic symmetries, as well as a clarification of a misconception concerning the non-existence of these angle-dependent $u(1)$ charges in the presence of logarithms at null infinity. We also briefly comment on higher spacetime dimensions.
With the ongoing rapid development of China’s mariculture industry, there has been a corresponding surge in the discharge of marine aquaculture tailwater, and the residual bait, feces, and other residues contained in this water have contributed to serious increases in the levels of nitrogen pollution. The wide geographical distribution of maricultural operations and the high concentrations of ions in tailwaters contribute to difficulties in the effective treatment and purification of this waste water, thereby seriously threatening the quality of the marine environment and the sustainable development of marine fishery resources. In this regard, microbial heterotrophic denitrification technology, which has the advantages of excellent nitrogen removal efficacy and less likelihood of contributing to secondary pollution, has increasingly become a focus of scholars engaged in research on mariculture tailwater purification. In this paper, we outline the mechanisms and advantages of heterotrophic denitrification and denitrification technology, summarize and assess the progress of research and the application of heterotrophic denitrification and denitrification technology in current mariculture tailwater treatment, and describe and evaluate the factors influencing the efficiency of denitrification, including the type of carbon source, hydraulic retention time, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. On this basis of this information, we summarize the difficulties in applying denitrification technology to the commissioning of mariculture tailwater, assess potential solutions to the existing problems, and consider future research directions, with a view toward providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of denitrification technology in the efficient treatment of mariculture tailwater.
Artemisinin is a natural compound extracted from Artemisia annua, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with various bioactivities including antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. In recent years, its potential in aquaculture has gained attention, but the physiological functions of its bioactive components in aquatic animal production remain underexplored and require further investigation. This study investigated the application of artemisinin in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) fed a diet in which Cottonseed protein concentrated (CPC) replaced 50 % of fishmeal protein. Hybrid grouper, with an initial weight of 7.83 ± 0.01 g, totaling 540 fish, were divided into six groups and fed different experimental diets over a period of 8 weeks. The groups included: 50 % fishmeal as a positive control (PC), 50 % fishmeal protein replaced by CPC as a negative control (NC), and artemisinin added at 0.40 %, 0.80 %, 1.20 %, and 1.60 % (T1–4). The results showed that hybrid grouper fed 0.40 % artemisinin exhibited a significant improvement in growth rate (P < 0.05). Additionally, the artemisinin-treated groups exhibited improved intestinal digestibility and mucosa health, as evidenced by increased α-amylase, lipase and trypsin activities, along with enhancements in villus height, villus width, and muscle thickness (P < 0.05). In the artemisinin-treated groups, significant alterations in gene expression were observed, including a marked upregulation of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and toll-like receptor-2 (P < 0.05); however, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-β and toll-like receptor-1 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), suggesting that artemisinin may mitigate intestinal inflammatory injury. Artemisinin supplementation significantly enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC in the liver and hindgut (P < 0.05),while also reducing MDA levels, thereby demonstrating its protective effect against oxidative stress and its ability to strengthen antioxidant defense system. Microbiome analysis demonstrated that artemisinin decreased microbial diversity and richness while selectively promoting the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota, suppressing harmful bacteria, and enhancing the intestinal environment, thereby supporting overall growth. In summary, artemisinin enhanced mucosal morphology and digestive enzyme activity, thereby elevating the apparent metabolic rate and promoting growth in grouper. Furthermore, it conferred notable advantages related to antioxidant activity, immune modulation, and intestinal health. Broken-line regression analysis based on the WGR indicated that the optimal dietary artemisinin level was estimated to be 0.40 %.
Bably Akter, Farjana Akhter, Shaharior Hashem
et al.
The experiment compared Indian spinach production in aquaponics utilizing fish wastewater and hydroponics with biogas slurry solution. The aquaponics system involved 60 juvenile tilapias, released into a 750 L tank with an average initial length and weight of 14.41 ± 0.66 cm and 49.81 ± 4.29 g, respectively. The fish were fed commercial pelleted feed twice daily and maintained suitable water quality parameters, including pH, temperature, and DO, within the required range. The hydroponics system used biogas slurry as nutrient media. In each system, 3 plant beds were used, and 4 Indian spinach plants were planted in each bed. Physical parameters of water indicated that the aquaponics system had higher levels of EC, HCO3, CO3, Total-N, potassium, sulphur, and sodium than the hydroponics system. After 90 days, aquaponics had the largest plant weight (82.05 ± 23.31 g), with significantly higher levels of nitrogen, potassium, and sulphur content (by 5.54%, 3.10%, and 0.61% respectively) in leaves was found in aquaponics, while the phosphorus (0.85%) was higher in hydroponics. The yield of Indian spinach was higher in aquaponics (2.88 kg m–2) than in hydroponics (1.52 kg m–2). Length gain of experimental fish in aquaponics was 10.54 ± 1.51 cm, weight gain 112.71 ± 21.75 g, with a percent weight gain of 227.23 ± 42.98, specific growth rate of 1.4 ± 0.16% day–1, which was normal. The study concluded that wastes from tilapia aquaponics are more suitable for Indian spinach cultivation than low-cost biogas slurry hydroponics.
We prove an identity which connects the visual angle metric $v_{\mathbb{H}^2}$ and the hyperbolic metric $ρ_{\mathbb{H}^2}$ of the upper half plane $\mathbb{H}^2$. The proof is based on geometric arguments and uses computer algebra methods for formula manipulation. We also prove a sharp Hölder continuity result for quasiregular mappings with respect to the visual angle metric.
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of the most important organic sulfur compounds on Earth, and its significance in global sulfur cycling and climate regulation cannot be overlooked, as it plays an indispensable role in these processes. Phytoplankton are the major producers of DMSP in the marine environment, and nitrogen nutrients are key factors influencing the production of DMSP in phytoplankton. This study focused on two algal species, Emiliania huxleyi (a high DMSP producer) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (a medium DMSP producer), and conducted indoor culture experiments to compare and analyze the content of particulate DMSP (DMSPp) in the algal culture media under different nitrogen nutrient concentrations and types. The study investigated the relationships between overall DMSPp content, algal density, and DMSPp content per individual algal cell. The results indicated that different nitrogen nutrient concentrations and types had a minimal impact on the content of DMSPp per individual cell in E. huxleyi (P > 0.05), suggesting that the DMSPp concentration in the culture media was mostly influenced by algal cell density. Conversely, different nitrogen nutrient concentrations and types had a significant impact on the content of DMSPp per individual cell in P. tricornutum (P < 0.05), indicating that the DMSPp concentration in the culture media was mainly influenced by the content of DMSPp per individual algal cell. For instance, in the case of P. tricornutum, the average DMSPp content per individual cell in the low NO3– concentration (0 μmol/L) culture group was 11 times greater than that in the high NO3– concentration (1 764 μmol/L) culture group. Furthermore, under different nitrogen nutrient types, the average total DMSPp concentration in NaNO3 culture media was three and four times higher than that in the NH4Cl and CH4N2O culture groups, respectively. These differences may be attributed to variations in the physiological effects of DMSP on different algal species.
Background: One common environmental stressor in fisheries is hypoxia stress, which frequently causes significant fish mortality and financial losses. This study aimed to examine the potential utility of serum concentrations of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as a biomarker in fat greenlings, Hexagrammos otakii, under hypoxic stress. Methods: The phylogenetic analysis of HIF-1α was carried out. Then, fat greenlings (Hexagrammous otakii) were subjected to hypoxia (DO: 2.2 ± 0.2 mg/L) for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h. Upon admission under hypoxia stress, serum HIF-1α concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The outcomes of the laboratory tests were collected. Then, correlation analysis and regression equation fitting were performed. Results: In this study, HoHIF-1α was determined by bioinformatics analysis. The relative expression of hemoglobinβ2 (HBβ2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1α (ERO-1α), and HIF-1α and the level of HB, LA, ERO-1α and HIF-1α were increased significantly. The hypoxia stress group had considerably greater serum HIF-1α concentrations in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, compared to lactate concentrations, HIF-1α concentrations were linked to a superior predictive capacity for hypoxia stress diagnosis. Then, the correlation analysis result showed that HIF-1α was positively correlated with hemoglobin (HB), ERO-1α, and lactic acid (LA). Meanwhile, HIF-1α has a good linear relationship with HB, ERO-1α, and LA respectively. The HIF-1α concentrations increase of more than 30.27 pg/mL indicates severe hypoxia stress in the H. otakii. Conclusions: HIF-1α was positively correlated with HB, ERO-1α, and LA in H. otakii under hypoxia stress. Serum HIF-1α concentrations are a valuable indicator for hypoxia stress diagnosis and H. otakii recovery status prediction.
Triploid rainbow trout is a hypoxia-sensitive fish species, and is susceptible to death in summer with high water temperature induced acute hypoxia. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high protein diet and high carbohydrate diet on hypoxic tolerance of triploid rainbow trout. Two isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with low protein-high carbohydrate level (LPHC) and high protein-low carbohydrate level (HPLC) were specifically formulated. After the feeding trial with 80 days, two group fish were treated with acute hypoxic challenge. Plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic anti-stress, antioxidant and immune related genes expression, and hepatic glucose, lipid, protein and amino acid metabolism related genes expression were then analyzed. The results showed that compared with HPLC diet, LPHC diet could result in excessive plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 36.3 VS 14.0 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 978 VS 366 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 374 VS 204 U/L), creatine phosphokinase (CPK; 7538 VS 4937 U/L) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 940 VS 451 U/L). In addition, HPLC diet could remodel metabolism of glucose, lipid and protein based on the mRNA expression levels of the genes regulating glycometabolism, lipometabolism, and protein and amino acids metabolism. HPLC diet also enhanced the mRNA expression levels of the genes regulating anti-stress (HSP70, HIF-1a and HIF-2a), antioxidant (Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GPx and HO-1) and immune (IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8). In total, LPHC diet could aggravate hypoxic stress of triploid rainbow trout, while HPLC diet could improve fish hypoxic tolerance.
David C. Love, Lisa M. Weltzien, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman
et al.
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented shock to capture fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This scoping review of 670 articles explored the spatial, temporal, and thematic coverage of this event. The search period was January 1, 2020 to February 7, 2022. Articles were mainly peer-reviewed journals (88%) with the remainder from the gray literature (12%). Studies were performed at the global (21%), multi-country (11%), national (45%), and sub-national (23%) levels. Most studies involved primary or secondary data collection (71%) and the remainder were either review articles (17%) or commentaries (12%). Among the studies using primary and secondary data, nearly half (49%) were performed in the first five months of the pandemic (March to July 2020), and 84% within the first year of the pandemic (March 2020–February 2021). There were many studies in South and Southeast Asia, Southern Europe, China, and the United States, and fewer studies in other regions. The pandemic created challenges and opportunities, with heterogeneity in impacts among industrial and small-scale sectors, production methods, geographies, value chains, and by gender. Cumulative impacts from climate change and conflicts contributed to pandemic-related hardships. Increased unemployment and inflation led to rising food insecurity for small-scale producers, fishworkers, and low-income households. Aquatic food intake was more severely affected than other food groups during lockdowns, and it decreased more in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Responses were diverse, reflecting the capacity and resources of a country, but in general there was unprecedented public support to sustain the private sector (i.e., income support, tax relief, subsidies). As this study focused mainly on the first year of the pandemic, future work is needed to identify which groups exited the pandemic stronger or weaker, what factors enabled some populations to bounce-back, how the crisis affected value chains, and the effectiveness of interventions.
Proliferation of consumer‐grade live‐imaging sonar (LIS) has created management challenges in recreational fisheries. Most pervasive are questions about whether LIS users catch fish more effectively than non‐users. This project was designed to elucidate effects of LIS use on catch of Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus from Milford Reservoir, Kansas. Additionally, we sought to identify angler perception of LIS and quantify differences in angling behavior between users and non‐users.We organized a Blue Catfish angling experiment where 16 anglers used LIS and 16 anglers did not. The experiment was followed by dissemination of a survey to measure angler experience and skill, perception of LIS, and identify behavior patterns from groups that did and did not have access to the technology. A multivariate linear model was used to identify how LIS use, angling experience, and self‐assessed angling skill influenced fish catch. Comparisons of LIS perceptions and angling behavior were also evaluated between treatment groups.There was no difference in Blue Catfish mass captured per five‐hour angling trial by anglers using LIS (mean = 14.57 kg, SE = 3.38) and anglers not using LIS (mean = 16.97 kg, SE = 2.29). However, self‐rating of angling skill was identified as a predictor in a supported model but little variation in catch was explained (R2 = 0.169). Anglers using LIS thought their time spent searching and catch would have been similar if they did not use LIS. Anglers that did not use LIS thought they would spend more time searching for fish and catch may have increased if using LIS. Time spent searching for angling locations was greater for anglers using LIS than those not using LIS.Results from this study suggest use of LIS may influence Blue Catfish angler perception and behavior more than catch.
Andrew M. Ramey, Cherie M McKeeman, Eleni L Petrou
et al.
The development and application of approaches to detect and quantify environmental DNA (eDNA) have potential to improve our understanding of the distribution, abundance, and health of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar and Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Here, we review 61 articles focusing on eDNA applications pertaining to salmon occupying natural habitat and aquaculture facilities in the context of advances, opportunities, and challenges. Given recent advances, eDNA now serves as a useful tool for detecting Atlantic Salmon and Pacific salmon and understanding threats to the health of fish and their habitats. Opportunities exist to apply sensitive and minimally invasive eDNA approaches to detect fish and assess fish habitat, assess range expansions of salmon and salmon pathogens, and detect invasive species that may threaten salmon health and abundance. Near real‐time eDNA detection and quantification approaches to inform fisheries management may be on the horizon. Challenges limiting the widespread application of eDNA approaches for informing salmon management include accounting for the many factors affecting detection and quantification of eDNA, limits of data for deriving inference, and expense. Through continued development and refinement, eDNA approaches are anticipated to become increasingly available to, and utilized by, managers of Atlantic Salmon and Pacific salmon fisheries.
S. Sheheli, Sharmin Akter, Mohammad Maruf Hasan
et al.
Bangladesh's numerous inland lakes and river systems make capture fisheries and aquaculture here very promising. Bangladesh is producing more catfish since they are exceptionally resilient and can tolerate harsh weather conditions and unstable habitats. The aims of the research were to assess fish farmers' knowledge of using artificial feed for catfish culture and to identify the variables affecting their knowledge level. Thus, the research was conducted in three villages of Gauripur upazila (sub-district) of Mymensingh district. In-person interviews were conducted with 80 randomly chosen catfish farmers. According to the findings, the vast majority of respondents (63%) had medium-level and 32% had high and 5% of farmers found which have a low level of knowledge on using artificial feed for catfish culture. Formal education, fish farming experience, farm size, annual income, social mobility, communication exposure and training received were positively and significantly correlated with the knowledge of the respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that formal education, communication exposure, and training received significantly influenced fish farmers’ knowledge. High cost of fish feed, inaccessibility of good quality fish feed and lack of proper training were identified as the major problems faced by the fish farmers. In connection to these difficulties, development agencies such as Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, relevant non-government and private organizations should take appropriate action like regular need based training, method demonstration, result demonstration, field day, other extension activities to increase the fish farmers’ knowledge on using artificial feed for catfish culture.
Owen J. Holland, Callum Smythe, Timothy D. Clark
et al.
Ocean warming and extreme heatwaves threaten marine species supporting commercial fisheries and aquaculture. Predicting the responses of these industries to chronic and acute warming depends on understanding which life stages are most vulnerable, the potential for stocks to adapt to changing thermal environments, and the availability of thermally adapted genotypes to help enhance stock resilience through strategic interventions. Here, we shed light on some of these knowledge gaps by quantifying the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of ~ 10–210 g hybrid abalone (Haliotis rubra × H. laevigata) from two farms representing contrasting thermal environments from south-eastern Australia. CTmax was not dependent on body size or provenance (farm) when heating rates were rapid (1 °C per h), but a significant relationship between CTmax and body size was observed when heating rates were slower and more ecologically realistic (1 °C per 12 h). Histological analyses revealed a negative relationship between CTmax and the stage of gonadal development when abalone were exposed to chronic thermal stress conditions. These results suggest that marine heatwaves and ongoing ocean warming might favour smaller, less fecund animals in natural and farm settings. This could potentially impact future harvestable biomass, recruitment and population dynamics in wild-capture fisheries, and production of larger, high-value animals in farm settings. This study adds to a growing body of literature pointing to complex and often negative effects of climate change on commercial fisheries, and the potential need for interventions aimed at bolstering fisheries resilience against the effects of ocean warming.
Stagnating capture fisheries and increasing fish protein demand necessitate aquaculture production to bridge the gap. Lake Victoria is a potential water body for increasing fish production through cage farming. The sustainability of Lake Victoria for cage farming depends on timely and holistic site selection. However, current site selection methods involve complex, resource‐intensive field surveys that lack a holistic approach to integrate multiple factors. Accordingly, information regarding suitable sites for sustainable fish cage farming in Lake Victoria remains scarce. In this study, a transparent geographic information systems (GIS) and multicriteria evaluation (MCE) here after reffered to as GIS‐MCE was used to reveal potential sites to be permitted or avoided during cage aquaculture development in the Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria (Tanzania). Our analysis involved weighting and integration of sub‐models representing ecologically sensitive areas, physical environment, and socio‐economic and water quality variables into a single spatial model portraying different site suitability levels in the Mwanza Gulf. The results indicated that the sub‐models identified relatively larger suitable and most suitable sites compared to the overall model. No site maintained its status across all sub‐models. The overall model designated a small area (5.10 km2 or 1.52%) as the most suitable site, with 24.20 km2 (7.44%) as suitable, 64.47 km2 (19.82%) as less suitable, and 42.63 km2 (13.12%) as unsuitable for cage fish farming. The remaining area (188.84 km2 or 58.06%) was a constrained site to be avoided during cage aquaculture development. Taken together, the individual sub‐models are ineffective in designating potential sites for fish cage culture and thus should not be used solely. The GIS‐MCE general model provides a fast and timely method for identifying potential sites for cage farming in Lake Victoria. Fish farmers and managers should use the GIS‐MCE overall model in inland waters to facilitate site selection for complying with licensing requirements and decrease field extensive surveys.
Yadong trout (Salmo trutta fario), the only salmonid fish in the Tibetan Plateau, is a national agricultural product with geographical indications in Yadong. The development of Yadong trout aquaculture has significant implications for local farmers. However, no study has yet investigated the nutrient requirements of this fish. This study aimed to analyze the proximate amino acid, and fatty acid composition of various tissues of wild and farmed Yadong trout, in order to provide a reference for the evaluation of fish fillets and the formulation of optimal feed. Ten wild fish captured in the Yadong River, and 10 fish farmed with formulated feed in Yadong Industry Park were used in this study. The farmed fish were F1 generation wild broodstock captured in the Yadong River and fed formulated feeds throughout their lifetime. The body length of wild Yadong trout was in the range of 13.4~28.7 cm, and the body weight was in the range of 38.48~346.85 g. The body length and body weight of farmed Yadong trout were in the range of 16.4~24.5 cm and 78.39~275.29 g, respectively. Frozen samples were transported to the laboratory by flight. The proximate composition of whole fish, muscle, and liver; fatty acid composition of whole fish and various tissues including muscle, liver, intestine, brain, and eye; as well as amino acid composition of whole fish, muscle, and liver were analyzed. The fatty acid composition (expressed as % total fatty acids) and amino acid composition (expressed as % dry matter basis) were assayed using gas chromatography and an automatic amino acid analyzer, respectively. In addition, t-tests were performed for independent samples; results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The results showed that wild fish had lower condition factors but higher moisture and ash content than farmed fish. Wild fish muscle had lower crude lipid content but higher moisture content than farmed fish. The whole-body protein and lipid contents, as well as the proximate composition of the liver, were not significantly different between wild and farmed fish (P > 0.05). The contents of saturated fatty acids (mainly C16:0 and C18:0) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in whole fish, muscle, and liver were significantly higher (P < 0.05), whereas contents of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (mainly C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-9) and n-6 PUFA (mainly C18:2n-6) were significantly lower in wild Yadong trout than in farmed Yadong trout (P < 0.05). EPA and C20:4n-6 in whole fish, muscle, and liver, as well as DHA in the muscle of wild Yadong trout were significantly higher than those in farmed Yadong trout (P < 0.05). In the intestine of wild Yadong trout, the contents of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1n-7, C20:5n-3, and C22:5n-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while those of C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the farmed fish. In the brain of wild Yadong trout, the contents of C16:1n-7, C20:5n-3, and C22:5n-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the contents of C18:1n-9 and C20:2n-6 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of farmed fish. In the eyes of wild Yadong trout, the contents of C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0, C16:1n-7, C20:1n-9, C20:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:5n-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the contents of C18:1n-9, C22:1n-9, C24:1n-9, C18:2n-6, and C18:3n-3 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of farmed Yadong trout. The total essential amino acid content in wild fish was significantly higher than that in farmed fish. The contents of threonine, valine, phenylalanine, lysine, and glycine in the muscle of wild fish were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in farmed fish, while no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in other amino acids. These results indicate that wild Yadong trout were leaner than farmed trout in terms of muscle lipid content. For trout, which are mainly consumed fresh, this trait may make farmed Yadong trout more acceptable than wild trout. However, in terms of fatty acid composition and amino acids, the wild Yadong trout seemed to be more acceptable than farmed trout. In particular, n-3 PUFA content is an important nutritional trait in fish fillets. The wild Yadong trout had higher n-3 PUFA contents than the farmed trout. Thus, the fish oil in the feeds of Yadong trout should not be omitted, considering that fish chemical composition generally reflects that of their diets. In addition, the price of alternative oils such as soybean oil is no longer low; the use of lipid sources in the diets of Yadong trout should be reviewed. Similarly, the essential amino acid content in wild Yadong trout was higher than that in the farmed trout, suggesting that the protein sources should be reviewed, and a certain level of fish meal should be guaranteed. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the formulated feeds of Yadong trout need to be further optimized.