Hasil untuk "American literature"

Federica Becca, Albert Esteve

BACKGROUND: It is common for young adults in Mexico to coreside with own parents or other extended family members when forming the first partnership or becoming a parent/single parent. This practice has scarcely been studied in the literature and yet plays a very relevant role in understanding transitions to adulthood in the Latin American context. OBJECTIVE: This study explores whether young Mexicans realize family transitions (first partnership, parenthood, and single motherhood) within an extended household (‘family-anchored’ transitions), emphasizing the role of family support during life course transitions and its stability across cohorts. METHODS: Leveraging longitudinal data from the 2017 Retrospective Demographic Survey (EDER) for cohorts born between 1962 and 1987 (N = 13,020), we analyze whether family transitions (first partnership, first parenthood within partnership, and first single motherhood) involve a shift from a nuclear to an extended household. Using multivariate logistic regressions, we assess the socioeconomic and demographic profile associated with family-anchored transitions. RESULTS: Around 42% of women and 32% of men anchor their transition to first partnership and single motherhood in an extended household. Younger adults from recent cohorts, low-SES families, and with lower education have higher odds of experiencing family-anchored transitions to first partnership and parenthood, whereas anchored transitions to single motherhood is more likely for women from younger cohorts and high-SES backgrounds. CONTRIBUTION: This research contributes to the understanding of the critical role of family support during vulnerable life stages in Mexico, and how anchoring family transitions in extended households represents a common strategy across Mexican society.

Vinícius Lima de Almeida, Marcelo Dias Moreira de Assis Costa, Rômulo Dias Jesuino et al.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To map the literature on blood concentrates for managing postoperative sequelae after third molar extraction through a scoping review. Methods: MedLine, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were the search databases. MedRxiv and EASY provided the grey literature. The investigation included observational studies and clinical trials reporting at least one postoperative sequela. After selecting the articles, the extracted data included study author, year, and country, study design, sample size, age distribution, the type of third molar impaction, flap design, the presence of osteotomy and/or odontosection, co-interventions, blood concentrate type, centrifuge model, centrifugation protocol, collection tubes, outcomes, and the main findings for each outcome. After data extraction, an analysis of the geographic distribution of publications was carried out based on the MapChart website. Results: This review included 63 studies. The leading countries in publications were Turkey, India, and Brazil. Common postoperative sequelae included pain, edema, trismus, alveolar osteitis, and infection. Outcomes varied regarding the effectiveness of concentrates in controlling inflammation, edema, trismus, and alveolar osteitis. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin was the most applied concentrate in recent studies and was associated with reduced edema and trismus. Conclusion: All concentrates demonstrated some effectiveness in managing sequelae after third molar extraction, but most did not show significant outcomes in controlling inflammatory signs. It emphasizes the need for further randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews to strengthen the evidence on blood concentrates for managing postoperative sequelae.

Raúl Vallejo

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 2005.

Ana María Zubieta

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 1998.

Vojtěch Malínek, Tomasz Umerle, Edward Gray et al.

The aim of the paper is to present and analyze workflows for bibliographical data curation and research that were created during the ‘Open Bibliodata Workflows’ project realised by the Bibliographical Data Working Group from the DARIAH ERIC consortium. These workflows are available via SSH Open Marketplace. Its role in the SSH infrastructural system is subsequently shortly introduced. Bibliodata-related workflows are needed at different levels of data creation and research, both for specific software features or data sources as well as for consolidating methodological aspects of bibliographical data curation. Set of five workflows showcasing various models of bibliodata related workflows is discussed afterwards. First of these workflows, From Library Data to Research Data describes conversion of library data into a dataset for data-based research. The other four are centred around leveraging existing tools and services. AVOBMAT: how to analyze and visualize bibliographical data and texts showcases a tool for combining text analysis and metadata-based research. Metadata crosswalk for citation data production in OpenCitations is a step-by-step instruction for using the OpenCitations infrastructure, a state-of-the-art service for sharing open citation data. LODification of bibliographical data: Zotero to Wikibase migration illustrates current dynamic developments concerning metadata in the field of Linked Open Data. Finally, the National Information Processing Institute from Poland (OPI PIB) prepared a workflow Studies on science and higher education system in Poland using the RAD-on platform, discussing how to use their dataset for research. Analysis of these workflows reveals particular needs to address the multilinguality challenge in the bibliodata field. On the level of curation this challenge is met with application of international standards for bibliographical data processing that on many occasions do not prioritise harmonization of multilingual datasets. The main curatorial techniques on how to solve multilingual issues in bibliographical data are briefly outlined. When we are tackling research questions the multilinguality challenge is even more prominent. Hence we are closing this article with a proposal for a preliminary workflow for processing multilingual bibliodata.

Raúl Vallejo Corral

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 1997. Esta información es parte del repositorio institucional UASB-Digital, de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador.

Claudia Bernardi

Terzo contributo al Forum a puntate Frontiera/Frontiere: Conversazioni su confini e migrazioni tra il Mediterraneo e l’Atlantico

Martha R. Koenig, Amelia K. Wesselink, Andrea S. Kuriyama et al.

BackgroundProspective cohort studies that enroll participants before conception are crucial for deepening scientific understanding of how the preconception environment influences reproductive outcomes. While web-based research methods provide efficient and effective strategies to collect questionnaire-based data, few of these studies incorporate biospecimen collection, which can enhance the validity of exposure assessment. There is limited literature on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of collecting biospecimens in web-based preconception cohort studies.MethodsWe evaluated the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of in-clinic and mail-based biospecimen collection in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a North American web-based preconception cohort study. Both members of the couple were eligible to participate if their conception attempt time was ≤3 months at enrollment. We invited study participants from the Boston, MA and Detroit, MI metropolitan areas to attend a study visit and provide urine and blood (hereafter “in-clinic protocol”). We invited all other participants to complete mail-based collection of urine and blood spots (hereafter “mail-based protocol”). We compared overall consent and protocol completion rates, demographic characteristics of those who consented and completed either of the protocols, and costs between mail-based and in-clinic protocols for biospecimen collection. Finally, we described logistical challenges pertaining to reliance on mail-based delivery of time-sensitive biospecimens compared with in-clinic methods.ResultsDuring January 2022-July 2022, 69% of female participants (134/195) and 42% of male participants (31/74) consented to participate in the mail-based protocol. Consent rates for the in-clinic protocol were 39% for female participants (289/739 during March 2014-July 2022) and 25% for male participants (40/157 during March 2017-July 2022). Participants who consented to participate were generally of higher socioeconomic position than non-participants. Deviations from the protocol occurred more frequently within the mail-based protocol but were easily corrected. The cost per participant enrolled was similar across protocols (mail-based: $276.14 vs. in-clinic: $270.38).ConclusionsOur results indicate that mail-based collection of biospecimens may create opportunities to recruit a larger and more geographically diverse participant population at a comparable cost-per-participant enrolled to in-clinic methods.

Shixu Liu, Shixu Liu, Xiangning Cui et al.

BackgroundPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome first described by Rosen et al. in 1958. Despite our considerably evolved understanding of PAP over the past decades, no bibliometric studies have been reported on this field. We aimed to analyze and visualize the research hotspots and current trends of the PAP research field using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research.MethodsThe literature regarding PAP was culled from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Data were extracted from the relevant articles and visually analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.ResultsNine hundred and nine qualifying articles were included in the analysis. Publications regarding PAP increased over time. These articles mainly come from 407 institutions of 57 countries. The leading countries were the USA and Japan. University of Cincinnati (USA) and Niigata University (Japan) featured the highest number of publications among all institutions. Bruce C Trapnell exerts a significant publication impact and has made the most outstanding contributions in the field of PAP. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology was the journal with the most publications, and American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine was the most commonly cited journal. All the top 5 co-cited journals belong to Q1. Keyword citation bursts revealed that inflammation, deficiency, tissue resident macrophage, classification, autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, sarcoidosis, gm csf, high resolution ct, and fetal monocyte were the emerging research hotspots.ConclusionResearch on PAP is prosperous. International cooperation is also expected to deepen and strengthen in the future. Our results indicated that the etiology and pathogenesis of PAP, current and emerging therapies, especially the novel pathogenesis-based options will remain research hotspots in the future.

Václav Řeřicha, Libor Práger

Each technology amplifies human functions, with photographs and videos enhancing vision and memory. The appeal of photography results from the fact that the stationary single eye is technologically extended. The technology of photography exceeds the limits of the eye, as the camera is a total stationary light catcher without the blurred edges of human vision. Photographs are “magical” and  appealing because they suddenly offer an improved eye, another more powerful and extended recorder of visual events for eternity outside our memory. Recorded events are felt to have more reality than the original, while a photograph as an experience translated into a new medium “bestows a delightful playback of earlier awareness.”1 These are therefore ideal means of communication for the platforms of the digital environment of social media and esports. The rapid development of digital photography has had the effect of returning the user to the content of historical technologies, with video clips flipping back to mediaeval performances, social media communicating with images and symbols of the non-literacy environment of the Middle Ages, and 3D imaging flipping back to sculpting. Non-print perceptual learning is becoming more prevalent, with literate cultures rendered obsolete by the inclusive and instantaneous digital environment.

Amaechi Henry Okafor

Isolation and integration are two sides of the same coin, the former denoting negativity with the latter denoting positivity. The penetration of the LDS church into Nigeria in general and south-western Nigeria in particular has been faced with a considerable amount of opposition from the populace and the government. Nigeria is one of the most religious countries in Africa. Due to the vast demographic space, I am limiting our study to the south-western states, where it seems the church is growing more. The eastern region, to an extent, has also been experiencing considerable growth. Our queries are: what are the elements that depict isolation from other religious sects and society? What are the parameters for this phenomenon? Is there any evidence of integration? If so, how is this manifested? How are the male and female members of the LDS church trying to integrate into society and how has the response been? These among other questions are examined. Nigeria is originally a Catholic and Pentecostal religious environment, where open miracles, wonders and other phenomena are visible. These are hardly visible in LDS services, and this serves as motivation for non-members to oppose and isolate members of the LDS church from the fibers of society. The undetermined position of the LDS church and its non-registration with the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) has and continues to have relevant effects on the integration of the church and its members into the Christian circle of the country in general and the south-west in particular. I have discovered that, though the church’s growth in the south-west is visible, the possibility of integration has proven difficult. Due to the limited literature on this subject in the country, I have utilized semi-structured direct and indirect interviews of pioneers of the wards/units in the south-west, and also those who have investigated the church, many of whom still view the church as a cult. I also used an analytic approach that straddles critical discourse analysis and postcolonial theory. This paper proposes ways in which the members of the LDS church can better integrate themselves in a society that has a very different religious and cultural background to that of American society, where the church has more fully moved from isolation to integration.

Vishwani Persaud-Sharma, Mary A. Hooshmand

Medical attention to vision impairment and associated eye care complications are a vital component of daily living and overall well-being. In the United States today, the physician to patient deficit places great strain on the availability of medical attention tenable to patients nationwide; in terms of specialty medicine, this deficit is even more widespread. The field of ophthalmology faced the same physician to patient deficit in 2020, a grim reality that has left many states void of ophthalmic care, rending millions of aging individuals without domestic eye care. The implementation of trained, ophthalmic nurse practitioners (NPs) can fill the needs of this deficit; however, efficient, accredited, and board-approved American ophthalmic fellowships and residencies that secure proper ophthalmic NP transitions from academia to clinical practice are non-existent. Though scant, evidence-based literature presents sound findings that support the efficacy and benefit for superior patient outcomes with care provided by ophthalmic-trained NPs, offering a viable, long-term solution to the need for ophthalmic medical providers across all states without mitigating patient care, emphasizing the great need for the implementation of ophthalmic NP residencies and fellowships to ensure the continuity of impeccable ophthalmic care for all populations.

Jacqueline Aiello

This paper analyzes the coverage of Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, an American politician whose political discourse has aligned her with left-wing populism (LWP), by Tucker Carlson Tonight, a Fox News talk show hosted by a political commentator whose views have aligned him with right-wing populism (RWP). It explores the mechanisms that govern the presentation, interpretation, and framing of the antagonistic opponent via the analysis of delegitimization strategies, recontextualizing principles, and (re)framing processes. Findings suggest that the antagonist is delegitimized with ironic formulations, ad hominem attacks and debasing attributions that cast doubts on her authority and expertise. Recontextualization involves the suppression and concealment of the antagonist’s standpoints and underlying ideologies, and reframing occurs in discourse surrounding racism based on whom is the (perceived) recipient of racism. While many of the strategies employed are emblematic of populist discourse, others connote ageism, sexism, and racism expressed in overt and covert ways.

Steve Behrens MD, Thomas Bemenderfer MD, MBA, Oliver Schipper MD et al.

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Treatment of the failed total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is challenging, and historically arthrodesis was advocated as the salvage treatment of choice. Currently, there is limited available literature reporting on options and outcomes of revision arthroplasty despite the persistent relatively high failure rate ranging from 10-23% within the first ten years after primary TAA. Early published outcomes of intramedullary-referencing implants for primary TAA have shown improvement in clinical outcomes and radiographic parameters, sustained correction of coronal deformity, and excellent survivorship with few associated complications. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision TAA using an intramedullary-referencing implant. Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of 24 cases (14 female and 10 male; median age, 57.9 (28.2-74.6) years; median BMI, 31 (19.4-40.2)) between 2008 to 2015 in which a failed TAA underwent revision using InBone, an intramedullary-referencing, fixed-bearing, two-component total ankle system. Demographic, radiographic, and functional outcome data were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the most recent follow up. The primary outcome was implant survival defined by no reoperation for subsidence/loosening or revision of the implant. Secondary outcomes included radiographic (coronal and sagittal component alignment, osteolysis, and subsidence) and functional (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society [AOFAS] score and foot function index [FFI]) outcome data. Results: Twenty-four patients underwent revision TAA with intramedullary-referencing with 87.5% implant survival at average follow up of 30.4 months. Revision was performed most commonly for aseptic talar subsidence (45.8%) or implant loosening (tibia, 12.5%; talus, 16.7%). Following revision, three (12.5%) patients required reoperation for talar subsidence or loosening at average 37.7 months. Progression of osteolysis of the tibia, talus, and fibula was observed in 14 (58%), 4 (17%), and 6 (25%) of patients, respectively, although osteolysis was present preoperatively in 17 (70.1%), 9 (37.5%), and 10 (41.7%), respectively. Subsidence of the tibial and talar components was observed in 8 (33%) and 9 (38%) patients, respectively. Clinically, the average AOFAS and FFI score were 72 (57-100) and 27.1 (11.8-82.9), respectively. Conclusion: Early results of intramedullary-referencing revision TAA demonstrated improved patient-reported outcomes and maintenance of radiographic outcomes at an average follow-up of 30 months. Additionally, early results of revision arthroplasty after failed TAA were similar to those after primary arthroplasty. Aseptic talar subsidence or loosening were the main postoperative complications which required reoperation. Revision arthroplasty utilizing an intramedullary-referencing implant is a viable option for the failed TAA.

Roman Trušník

The article discusses two opposing interpretations of Jim Grimsley’s novel Dream Boy (1995), a “southern” one and a “gay” one. Because of the ambiguities of the novel, the story of two teenagers, Nathan and Roy, can be considered primarily in its southern setting and understood as an insight into same-sex desire in the South, which often exists outside the categories of gay identity. At the same time, it can be seen as just another coming-out story, this time one set in a rural area and ending prematurely with the violent death of the main protagonist. While the author of the article would subscribe to a “gay” interpretation, he admits that the “southern” interpretation, suggested by Grimsley, may provide a valuable insight into same-sex desire in the American South.

Iliana Martínez, Romina Picchio

This article describes a genre-based, field-specific EAP course offered in a Latin American university to Master’s candidates of veterinary science who are in the process of writing literature reviews for their dissertations. As their dissertations are expected to be novel contributions, the writers need to have access to scientific information in English, although the final product will be produced in their native Romance language, Spanish. To meet this need, we capitalized on the advantages of the context, particularly the common L1 background and the field homogeneity of the course group, thus allowing for specific instruction.

Richard Parker

I will begin this paper with a brief and partial history of American printing, detecting a shared predilection for a noticeably maverick relation to the printed page in the works (printed and otherwise) of Samuel Keimer and Benjamin Franklin during the colonial period, and the works of Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson and Mark Twain in the nineteenth-century. I term the interrupted, dialectical printing that connects all of these writer/printers ‘not-printing’, and offer some explanation of his term and a description of some of its manifestations. I will then move on to consider how the idea of ‘not-printing’ might be helpful for the consideration of some contemporary British and American poets and printers before concluding with a description of some of the ways that the productive constraints of such a practice have influenced my own work as editor and printer at the Crater Press.

Ellen Avitts

Heather Hennes

La autora destaca la influencia de los “diarios perdidos” de Manuela Sáenz sobre el Diario de Paita (editado por Carlos Álvarez Saá), la biografía publicitada por el Museo Manuela Sáenz en Quito y la película venezolana de Diego Rísquez. Por otro lado, señala que la imagen de Sáenz ha sido apropiada como símbolo de causas cívicas o feministas, predominando la imagen de una atrevida transgresora de las normas de género, sexualmente pervertida, perturbadora del orden social. No obstante, el Museo y la película de Rísquez la presentarían como alguien honorable, e insistirían en la perseverancia del amor y lealtad de Sáenz a Bolívar. Hennes señala, además, que Rísquez trata las cuestiones de género y sexualidad respetando la complejidad e integridad de la Sáenz fílmica y de la histórica; que su performance de género le permite navegar los espacios masculinos y femeninos, para gozar de cierta agencia política y social en el círculo de Bolívar. Habría en la película y el Diario un lugar común, que no aparece en la literatura del Museo: la representación de Bolívar como figura trágica. Pese a sus discrepancias, los textos mencionados contribuyen a la construcción continua del ícono político, social y cultural.

Anas Malik

Amid the escalating conflicts and polarizations separating “Muslim” from “Westerner,” the book under review is a helpful contribution to the academic and policy literature. Prominent anti-immigrant right-wing movements, such as those led by Pim Fortyn (the Netherlands) and Jean-Marie Le Pen (France), have seen their perspectives enter and influence mainstream politics. Recently, Dutch movie director Theo van Gogh was murdered by a Muslim on the grounds that he had demeaned Islam. Demonstrations against the brutal murder and attacks on Muslim institutions followed. The alreadyoverheated climate of antagonism has risen by several degrees. These developments are echoed in other clashes in Europe revolving around identity politics, such as the hijab issue in France. Western states are coping with the dual demands posed by integration and police work: seeking to integrate Muslims into European and American societies while simultaneously pursuing terrorist cells and networks. Azza Karam’s edited volume considers such questions as the relationship between political Islam and violence, distinguishing extremism from moderate Islam (often presumed to be “mainstream” Islam), and how Muslims in the West relate to these. Karam’s volume includes articles covering France, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands (all described as non-English speaking countries with less English scholarly literature on these topics) ...