Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Mikhail A. Semenov-Tian-Shansky

For the first time, the article publishes the correspondence between Ivan Bunin and Valery Petrovich Semenov-Tyan-Shansky (1871–1968). Semenov-Tyan-Shansky was a lawyer, statesman, memoirist, artist, and a prominent representative of the first wave of Russian emigration. His correspondence with Ivan Bunin spans the period from 1926 to 1953. It is supplemented by the correspondence between Semenov-Tyan-Shansky and Vera Bunina after Ivan Bunin’s death. The correspondence contains important biographical material about Bunin, the Semenov-Tyan-Shansky family, and the history of the Russian diaspora. The publication of the correspondence relies on previously unpublished materials from the family archive. The correspondence with Semenov-Tyan-Shansky served Bunin as a source of information that found its way into his memoir essay “The Semenovs and the Bunins.” One of the important themes of the correspondence concerns the fate and creative legacy of Valery Petrovich’s elder sister, Olga Petrovna Semenova, and her posthumously published book The Life of Ivan. Bunin’s intention, to which he returned several times in his letters, to write about Olga Petrovna, remained unreal- ized. A significant episode in the correspondence is connected with the preparation of a lecture on Bunin’s work that Valery Petrovich delivered in the spring of 1932 at the request of the Russian Academic Union in Finland. In response to the request for help in preparing the lecture, Bunin sent Semenov-Tyan-Shansky a bundle of reviews selected by Vera Bunina. The lecture was delivered in June 1933 and then repeated in December 1933, already after Bunin had been awarded the Nobel Prize. The text of the lecture received high praise from Bunin himself, who responded to its receipt with a warm letter. The lecture was not published (except a short summary appeared in the journal Sodruzhestvo, published in Vyborg with the participation of Semenov-Tyan-Shansky). The text of the lecture has been prepared for publication and will appear separately in one of the next issues of Literary Fact.

D. V. Dorofeev

The results of the evolution of the perception of US foreign policy genesis study in the historiography of pre-revolutionary Russia are presented. Relevance is determined by filling a gap in world scientific thought. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a review of the development of the topic in Russia before 1917 was compiled. Three findings were obtained as a result of the study. Firstly, it was established that V. N. Aleksandrenko, L. N. Demis, E. F. Zyablovsky, N. P. Ivanov, I. I. Ivanovsky, S. A. Kotlyarevsky were engaged in the study of the topic. These scientists were not bound by the framework of scientific schools; when considering the topic, they did not refer to each other. Secondly, bursts of interest in the topic are identified and characterized (early 1830s, 1850s—1870s, 1900s—1910s). Thirdly, a general assessment of the historiography of the topic development is given. For example, it is argued that the development of the topic in the pre-revolutionary period was characterized by a lack of new scientific results and a low intensity of academic interest (intervals between publications averaged 20—30 years). It is shown that the developments of pre-revolutionary historiography were not interrupted and were transferred to the historical science of the USSR.

Sergei M. Sergei M. Pronchenko

The publication focuses on the unique local traditions of the folk spiritual culture of the Russian-Belarusian Bryansk-Gomel borderland. They include the features associated with the calendar (Christmas, Annunciation, Easter, Ascension), rituals of the life cycle, beliefs, folk medicine and magic. The idea of the modern linguocultural situation in the south-western regions of the Bryansk region bordering on Belarus is enriched by considering the units of the language of spiritual culture, many of which also denote ritual artifacts. The linguoculturological material of the paper is compared with other studies of the traditional culture of the Bryansk-Gomel borderlands, regional dictionaries, the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, and the compendium Slavic Antiquities. The characteristic-local traditions considered (distinguishing schedrovkas by gender — for the owner and hostess, the image of the “goat”, inviting frost, cooking three types of kutia, the rituals of “driving an arrow”, “candle”, “parting of the mermaid”, bylichki about well-wishers, the widespread use of healers and others) are also represented in the Belarusian traditional culture of the Gomel Polissya and the Dnieper region, which confirms the common cultural past and present of the Bryansk and Gomel regions.

K. Shevchenko

The article analyzes the situation in the historical lands of Subcarpathian Rus’ and the problems of the local Eastern Slavic population, which became part of the Czechoslovak state right after the First World War in 1918, in the assessments of Czech officials, who visited Subcarpathian region during 1919. Czech officials paid enormous attention mostly to the internal political situation in this region, the relationship between various cultural and national currents among the local Rusyn population, as well as the attitude of local Rusyns towards the Czechoslovak Republic. Most Czech officials were quite critical of the representatives of the traditional Russophile trend among the Rusyns, who considered the Carpathian Rusyns to be part of a single Russian people and focused on the Russian literary language and Russian culture. According to Czech officials, the Russophile trend was distinguished by obvious pro-Hungarian sympathies and a disloyal attitude towards Czechoslovakia. In their opinion, more acceptable for Prague was the so-called “local”, as well as the Ukrainian direction, which focused on the local language and declared loyalty to the Czechoslovak state. It was this circumstance that predetermined the policy of so-called “soft Ukrainization”, which was carried out by the Czechoslovak administration in Subcarpathian Rus’ in the 1920s and which gradually contributed to the spread of Ukrainian identity among the local Rusyn population.

I. Nikitina, K. Klimova

The traditional culture and the language of the Greek population of Sochi in July 2022 for the first time became the subject of an ethnolinguistic study by Russian researchers. The Greek population (natives of the region of Pontus, located in modern Turkey) initially appeared in these territories in the second half of the 19th century. During the Stalin era, the number of Greeks decreased significantly, however, the language (Pontic dialect of the Greek language) and elements of traditional culture in places where Greeks were densely populated are preserved to this day. In the folk calendar, family rituals, folk mythology of the modern Greek population, there are not only common Greek elements that unite the Pontic Greeks of the diaspora with the wide “Greek world”, but also characteristic features that allow us to draw a preliminary conclusion about the preservation of archaic elements of culture (the rite of making rain “koshkotera”, etc.). Many elements of traditional culture were influenced by neighboring Slavic (Russian) and other Caucasian (Armenian, Georgian) traditions.

Krzysztof Jagusiak, Konrad Tomasz Tadajczyk

Aconite (Aconitum napellus) was one of the most notorious, poisonous plants in the ancient world. Its dangerous, lethal power – present in leaves, roots, stem, and tuber – was well known to the Greeks and the Romans from the earliest times. Evidence of this phenomenon is not only present in archaeological findings, but also in many writings – biographies, poems, legal codes, etc. However, the most precise and detailed accounts come from treatises written by botanists, physicians and encyclopaedists, like Theophrastus, Nicander, Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, or Galen, and by early Byzantine authors, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, and Paul of Aegina. In their testimonies, one can find descriptions of aconite, its influence on the human body (and animals), and remedies for affected people. In contrast, there are few passages from these sources that inform the readers about the healing properties of aconite. According to these fragments, carefully administered, aconite could be helpful in some therapies, but its use was extremely hazardous, as even a small part of the plant could kill a man.

Uladzimir Auseichyk

The article examines the historiography and the current state of research on the Old Believers in Northwestern Belarus. Four basic stages are distinguished in the history of studies on Old Believers in the region: second half of the 18th century – beginning of the 20th century; the interwar period (1920–1930 years); the Soviet period (1950–1980 years); the modern period (1990–2000 years). The characteristic of these stages is given, the methodology of conducted research is analyzed, the value of published works in this direction is revealed. The article analyzes research conducted from the second half of the 18th century to the last two decades of the 20th century. The main attention is given to the analysis of the works published during the second half of the of 19th century and the early 20th century.

Volume "Paleoslavistics - 4" of the series "Slavic and Balkan Linguistics" is a monograph by an international team of authors. Sections of the collective monograph deals with a discussion of the latest results of current research on Slavonic manuscripts of the 10th–14th centuries – their language, textology and paleography.

Dmitrij Nikolaev

Italian translation of Spetsifika bytovaniia tekstov v literature russkogo zarubezh’ia 1920-1930ch gg. by Dmitrii Nikolaev. Translated by Iris Karafillidis (University of Pisa).

M. M. Alekseeva

The aim of the paper is to present nursery lexicon registered in Alexander Hojsak’s dictionary of the Wysowa village Lemko dialect. Among 3000 words registered in the dictionary there are 50 lexemes marked as “nursery words”. They belong to several semantic groups (names of food, body parts, animals, clothes, things, actions and physical conditions, religious sphere) and demonstrate features proved universal for baby talk in most languages. There is a correspondence between Lemko nursery words for animals and Lemko interjections for calling domestic animals which seems to be relevant for other Ukrainian dialects. Some of the Lemko nursery words show broader distribution: they are registered in other Ukrainian dialects, other Slavic and even non-Slavic languages (for example папу ‘to eat’). The idea of mapping nursery words seems to be worth further study.

Liu Hu

The article is devoted to the snake-like mythological characters, found in the mythology of Chinese Shandong province in comparison with South Slavic word on the example of the Serbian tradition. The article presents an analysis of the names of mythological characters through the two languages on the basis of the ethnic tradition. The images of snake-like mythological characters, etiological legends, local rituals and folk customs in the Shandong province and the Serbian tradition are also considered. This study shows how the mythological perception of reality is reflected in the cultural code and in the language picture of the world. The characters can be divided according to the appearance into zoomorphic and anthropomorphic ones. The names of various snake-like characters, corresponding to the presentational carrier of the ethnic culture in Shandong province and Serbia, show typological and individual differences. In the analysis of cultural vocabulary common linguistic phenomena were found, such as taboo words, euphemisms, etc. In the mythology of Shandong province and Serbia, the images of snake-like characters have similarities and differences, reflecting the human perception and cognitive process. The study uses the methodology of the Moscow ethnolinguistics school, aimed at the reconstruction of spiritual culture.

Nataliya E. Ananyeva

This article analyzes the phytoonyms of the Polish dialect in the vicinity of the town of Vidzy (The Republic of Belarus) which are the result of contacts with the East Slavic (mainly Belarusian ) and Lithuanian languages, as well as some microtoponyms formed from the Lithuanian common nouns.

J. Randolph

favorably), the Stalin era (perfunctory), the late-Soviet era, and post-Soviet Russia. From each era, prominent conservatives (and some lesser-knowns) provide examples of cultural, political, and social-economic conservatism, to fill each box in the grid. It is refreshing to see a book so clearly follow an outline, but not everything fits a box, and not all is especially organic. For instance, in the Great Reforms era, Mikhail Katkov is discussed in several contexts, but not his support for education reform based on ancient languages (and banning most Russian literature). There was nothing organic in this dramatic reaction to the perceived harmful influences of vocational and scientific instruction. Likewise, Robinson mentions too matter-offactly Nikolai Danilevskii’s plans for a federation of Slavic states with its capital in Istanbul (rechristened Tsargrad), to counterbalance the power of western Europe. This plan for a Pan-Slavic utopia was hardly organic, but offered a rejoinder to the Europe taking shape under Otto von Bismarck’s hand. Danilevskii often used the organic principle metaphorically, but his ideas did not necessarily follow it. In most chapters, the reader will find examples of conservative thought to read less charitably than Robinson seems to. I would still highly recommend this book for libraries, graduate seminars, and early career researchers just starting in this field. The bibliography offers a valuable guide, and the frequent block quotes in the body offer samples of these authors’ own words. The book is an insightful primer, introducing readers to conservatism as a part of the ideological landscape and national conversation across two centuries in roughly 200 pages, a good starting point for further investigation.

N. A. Bondarenko

People's diplomacy plays an important role in preserving identity. These are constructive practical steps by organizations to develop international contacts aimed at interpersonal interaction. The author gives examples of international projects. These are the project “Slavic cultural diplomacy” (Czech Republic), “Embassy of young Slavs: problems and ways to solve them” (Slovakia), the international competition “Serbia in my heart” (Moscow), as well as expanding knowledge about the original culture of Slavic peoples among young people in State Institute of the Russian Language named after A.S. Pushkin and others. The implementation of projects contributes to the spreading and preservation of national languages, popularization of the original cultural heritage of the Slavic peoples, as well as the development of cooperation between young people from the Slavic states.

D. Chroust

ABSTRACT As the Soviet Union and its challenge to the West recede, we still have much to learn about the Slavic book trade and about the rise of the great Russian, East European, and Eurasian area studies collections in academic libraries in 20th-century North America. Who were the book dealers behind these collections, which still inform so much discovery and knowledge-making today? What can we learn about these personalities and their work? One such book dealer was George Sabo (1896–1983), who followed two brothers to Pittsburgh in 1913 but made his career in New York after 1920, first with a “steamship agency” for fellow immigrants. As a Carpatho-Rusyn from the Kingdom of Hungary, Sabo took his outlook and cultural capital from an ethno-religious group at the very center of the Slavic world and in remarkable symbiosis with nearly all its peoples, languages, identities, and states. Sabo’s native village (Orechová) became part of Czechoslovakia after World War I and his wife’s (Haidosh) part of the Soviet Union after World War II. Sabo’s Carpatho-Rusyn-ness equipped him well as a Slavic-American book dealer and enterprising New Yorker, and we can illuminate much of his life, family, network, surroundings, and career in the city and beyond from many kinds of sources.

Aleksandra V. Banchenko

L.F. Dostoevskaya’s oeuvre consists of short stories and two novels, together with a biography of F.M. Dostoevsky. Her fiction is perceived by researchers as largely autobiographical; her book about F.M. Dostoevsky as a father is considered the least reliable source of biography. Therefore a mixture of genres can be considered: her prose displays features of the poetics of autobiography; her documentary contains fiction, while the author’s discourse dominates the character of the book. This article discusses some features of the poetics of fiction and the documentary prose of L.F. Dostoevskyaya. Dostoevskaya’s works suggest that the narrator is close to the author, since in some works the narrator is an autobiographical narrator named Lyubov Feodorovna. This article presents elements of a narratological analysis of her oeuvre of novels and short stories; this can help the reader trace the connections between the perspectives of the protagonists and narrators. In some narrative structures, the positions of the protagonists and narrators become equivalent due to the extra-narrative roles of the latter. The article also provides a partial analysis of the main themes and motifs of her prose, indicating their connection to the work of F.M. Dostoevsky. In particular, we discuss the connection between Dostoevskaya’s prose and her father’s unfinished novel ‘Netochka Nezvanova’. Taken as a single text, the prose of the great writer’s daughter demonstrates features of the Bildungsroman.

E. N. Remchukova, V. A. Omelianenko

The ways of creating the country’s image in the texts of modern Russian commercial advertising, namely, such a variety, which is defined as nationally oriented advertising are discussed in the article. This type of advertising is considered as a multimodal complex, however, special attention is paid to the analysis of linguistic means that provide such advertising with a “reputation” base - it fulfills not only commercial, but also social tasks. The specificity of creating an image of the country in nationally oriented advertising by demonstrating the geographical and ethnographic features of “one’s own”, native, or “foreign” country and mythologizing “one’s own” or “foreign” national character is revealed. It is shown that the positive image of “own” country performs not only the function of promoting goods on the market, but also the function of persuasion and education. It has been established that the image of a “foreign” country ensures positioning in the domestic market of the producing country or the country with which the production tradition of the advertised product is associated. The conclusions and results of the study allow one to gain a more complete picture of the peculiarities of ethnomarketing, ways of manipulating a potential audience by appealing to national values and stereotypes, and contribute to advertology, political linguistics and linguoimagelogy.

Ramunė Bleizgienė

This article investigates the rise of the peasantry as new readers and Lithuanian intellectuals’ reactions to this phenomenon as they took the initiative in directing the peasants’ cultivation as readers. These intellectuals were concerned with the development of the peasants and sought to form their reading habits, influence the readers’ choices as to reading material, and so on. This article goes on to analyze how Žemaitė’s status as a peasant writer was established during her early reception, and how the evaluation of her work depended on the imagined addressee. By analyzing the reviews and broader studies of Žemaitė’s published works in the Lithuanian press from 1895 to 1915, this article aims to show that the formation of the common people as a potential and especially important national reading public was an integral part of her canonization process. Yet another important aim of this research is to reveal how the reception of Žemaitė’s works brought ordinary village peasant onto the horizon of modern Lithuanian culture, and how this became the foundation of one of the new literary styles in Lithuania, namely realism. In this way, by canonizing Žemaitė’s works, the life of village folk became not only visible and recognizable to the Lithuanian reading public, but also came to be regarded as a credible topic for realistic prose.

Ekaterina Vozhik

The paper analyzes the literary position of the magazine “Otechestvennye Zapiski” in the late 1840s — early 1850s, expressed in literary-critical declarations and literary texts published on its pages. The article concentrates on the poorly studied novels and stories by Y.P. Butkov, M.M. Dostoevsky and A.N. Pleshcheyev published in “Otechestvennye Zapiski” in 1848 that were in the limelight during the debates on “pseudorealism” between the magazines “Otechestvennye Zapiski” and “Sovremennik” in the late 1840s — early 1850s. The analysis of these texts allows to specify the source of conflict between the magazines. The polemics was started by the critics from “Sovremennink” — P.V. Annenkov and A.V. Druzhinin. Their articles are compared with other contemporary critical writings, which helps to see the connection between “pseudorealism” and “daguerreotypism” — key concepts for the polemics. The typical structure of “pseudorealistic” works is analyzed to compare the critical responses to such works with the actual state of affairs. The conclusion is made about the correlation among these texts, general aesthetic views of “pseudorealists” and the agenda of “Otechestvennye Zapiski” as a thick literary magazine.

Yves Scherrer, Achim Rabus

This paper deals with the development of morphosyntactic taggers for spoken varieties of the Slavic minority language Rusyn. As neither annotated corpora nor parallel corpora are electronically available for Rusyn, we propose to combine existing resources from the etymologically close Slavic languages Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, and Polish and adapt them to Rusyn. Using MarMoT as tagging toolkit, we show that a tagger trained on a balanced set of the four source languages outperforms single language taggers by about 9%, and that additional automatically induced morphosyntactic lexicons lead to further improvements. The best observed accuracies for Rusyn are 82.4% for part-of-speech tagging and 75.5% for full morphological tagging.