Hasil untuk "Risk in industry. Risk management"

LI Huajiao, LI Zheng, ZHENG Xinxin, CHEN Congxi, ZHANG Yuqi, LIU Meng, MENG Ziyu, HAN Shitong

The underlying resource logic of the current great power competition is gradually shifting from oil competition to competition for high-tech mineral resources. The layout of the high-tech mineral industry chain and supply chain is transitioning from a focus on cost, efficiency, and technology to an emphasis on security, stability, and politics, showing evolutionary characteristics such as diversification and regionalization. Since June 2019, Western countries, including the United States, have gradually established a localized and exclusive resource governance system focused on high-tech minerals. This governance system has undergone a rapid transformation from a loose network of raw material supplying countries (seller’s markets), to a closely linked network among developed countries (buyer’s markets), and then to a supply chain “long-arm jurisdiction” network governed by ESG. Based on a comprehensive review and analysis of the connotations of terms such as high-tech minerals, critical minerals, and strategic minerals, this study provides a systematic definition of the high-tech mineral industry and supply chains. It then focuses on analyzing the competition for high-tech mineral resources among great powers, the trends in the reconstruction of industry chains and supply chains, and the potential risks that the entire industry chain and supply chain may face. Furthermore, from the perspectives of research and management, this study presents relevant frontier issues: (1) The dynamic definition of high-tech mineral resources and the theoretical framework of its industry and supply chains; (2) Scientific interpretation of the competition for high-tech mineral resources and the process of industry and supply chain reconstruction among great powers; (3) Risk assessment, monitoring, and early warning of multiple reconstruction of the primary and recycled resource industry chain and supply chain; (4) Coordinated management and security measures for the primary and recycled resource industry chain and supply chain.

Sheeza Ehsan, Mujahid Hussain, Amna Niazi et al.

Purpose: This study attempts to understand how the advent of AI in risk management and organizational culture has impacted the construction sector of Pakistan and how do the technological infrastructure and regulatory frameworks would moderate the this relationship. Even though the potential of AI-based tools is immense for sustainability improvements in construction activities, it solely depends on the culture prevailing within that organization and extraneous factors like infrastructure and regulatory policies. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a cross-sectional methodology and collects data from 300 participants through structured surveys with the aim of testing hypotheses related to interrelations among the variables involved. Findings: The results indicated that AIRM has a positive impact on SDM, while organizational culture does not have any significant effect. Moreover, technological infrastructure significantly moderates the relationship between AIRM and SDM, stressing the importance of a solid infrastructure in allowing the employment of AI tools. However, these regulatory regimes have a lesser impact on both since Pakistan's construction industry is already affected by poor implementation and outdated policies. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings from this study suggest the necessity of investing in technological infrastructure, regulatory measures, and social changes toward making the construction industry more sustainable. The study brings significant insights to policymakers, business managers, and researchers for understanding the AI adoption versus sustainability relationship in developing economies.

Hussein A. Al-Hashimi, Rafiq Ahmad Khan, Hathal S. Alwageed et al.

Context: The rapid integration of Generative AI (GenAI) technologies in various sectors has introduced new opportunities and challenges. One of the areas where GenAI is gaining prominence is cybersecurity, particularly within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). As cyber threats evolve, there is a growing need to explore innovative solutions to mitigate vulnerabilities during software development. Objectives: This study investigates the role of GenAI in enhancing cybersecurity in the SDLC. It examines current security practices, recent advancements in AI-driven security solutions, and the potential of GenAI to strengthen threat detection, vulnerability management, and risk mitigation. Additionally, the research identifies key opportunities and challenges associated with integrating GenAI into SDLC processes, highlighting its implications for secure software development and future industry practices. Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the role of GenAI in cybersecurity. Specifically, it combines a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with questionnaire-based data collection targeting software development and cyber defense experts. The SLR aims to identify prevailing themes and gaps, while the questionnaire gathers insights from IT professionals about their experiences and perspectives on GenAI systems. Results: Our research shows that GenAI technology enhances SDLC security by supporting development through vulnerability detection, threat modeling, secure coding practices, and incident response. However, our review shows that AI adoption introduces ethical risks alongside reliability issues with AI-created results and challenges to integrate it into standard development methods. Conclusion: The integration of GenAI into the SDLC offers significant potential for enhancing cybersecurity. While challenges such as algorithm transparency and the need for skilled professionals remain, the benefits of AI in proactive threat detection and response make it a promising tool for future cybersecurity strategies in software development.

Ashraf MD, Miloš Rusnák, Ján Kaňuk et al.

Grain size analysis is the key to understanding the hydraulics and sedimentological properties of river channels. The recent development of new technologies enables the integration of automatic methods for noninvasive monitoring of river channels and river system properties. In this study, the application of photosieving for detecting grain size distribution (GSD) was assessed on the gravel bar of the Ondava River in the Carpathians. The spatiotemporal evolution of gravel bars, as basic sedimentation units of rivers. The photosieving method a combination of BASEGRAIN and Pebble count software revealed that the grain size distribution D50 ranged from 33.1 mm to 76.9 mm and from 31.4 mm to 59.1 mm, respectively. The results were validated via traditional sieving methods. BASEGRAIN demonstrates superior alignment with lab-sieving results, particularly for finer sediment fractions, and is suitable for sediment analyses in environments with a mix of fine to medium grain sizes. In contrast, PebbleCountsAuto is notable for areas with coarse sediment distributions. Automated methods reduce the subjectivity and efforts involved in traditional techniques but require improvement to match the precision and reliability of manual approaches.

Gbenga Lawrence Alawode, Pere Joan Gelabert, Marcos Rodrigues

Wildfires are particularly prevalent in the Mediterranean, being expected to increase in frequency due to the expected increase in regional temperatures and decrease in precipitation. Effectively suppressing large wildfires requires a thorough understanding of containment opportunities across landscapes, to which empirical spatial modelling can contribute largely. The previous containment model in Catalonia failed to account for the crucial roles of weather conditions, lacked temporal prediction and could not forecast windows for containment opportunities, prompting this research. We employed a detailed geospatial approach to assess the spatial-temporal variations in containment probability for escaped wildfires in Catalonia. Using machine learning algorithms, geospatial data, and 124 historical wildfire perimeters from 2000 to 2015, we developed a predictive model with high accuracy (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve = 0.81 ± 0.03) over 32,108 km2 at a 30-meter resolution. Our analysis identified agricultural plains near non-burnable barriers, such as major road corridors, as having the highest containment probability. Conversely, steep mountainous regions with limited accessibility exhibited lower containment success rates. We also found temperature and windspeed to be critical factors influencing containment success. These findings inform optimal firefighting resource allocation and contribute to strategic fuel management initiatives to enhance firefighting operations.

Jiali Song, Wenyi Yan, Hongbin Cao et al.

Abstract Sustainable growth of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry requires a safe supply of raw materials and proper end-of-life management for products. The lack of research on domestic critical raw materials and on management systems has limited the formulation of relevant policies for LIB-related industries. Here, a critical raw material (CRM) evaluation model was developed to identify the criticality associated with the supply risk (SR) and economic importance (EI) of different materials for the Chinese LIB industry. Dynamic materials flow analyses of the relevant critical materials were carried out by integrating a trade-linked model. Criticality analysis identifies the importance of different materials and optimizes the subsequent materials flow analysis. The results showed that the in-use stocks share large portions of material flow for Li, Ni, Co and graphite and further suggests that the market will not be saturated before 2025. For the end-of-life stage, less than 40 wt% of the materials in LIBs can be recycled under the current scheme of materials flow in China; this finding puts significant pressure on proper waste management. Consequently, it is very important to identify effective methods for utilizing the growing amount of waste materials and to provide a resource supplement for the Chinese LIB industry. This research provides guidelines for improving management strategies relevant to the critical materials in the LIB industry, for increasing resource efficiency, and for managing critical resources.

B. K. Park, A. Boobis, S. Clarke et al.

Marcin Suder

PURPOSE: This article aims to determine how companies in the SME sector modify their business strategies in response to changes in the external environment. The research focused on modifications to entrepreneurial strategies expressed through the fundamental dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO): risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Additionally, it identified which types of reactions (modifications in strategies) lead to the most favorable changes in firm performance. The external environment was determined based on the market situation that resulted from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: This is quantitative research. The study utilized data from 126 small printing businesses operating throughout Poland. Analyses were conducted on the data that reflected modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors and performance during three periods: the pre-crisis period, the initial phase of the crisis (the full lockdown period), and the second phase of the crisis (the period of easing the restrictions). The identification of the behavior types was carried out using cluster analysis. FINDINGS: The results of the research led to the conclusion that, with a change in market conditions, companies significantly change their levels of EO. In particular, the surveyed companies reduced their levels of EO during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, this decrease was mainly due to significant decreases in risk-taking. The levels of EO increased when the conditions improved due to significant increases in innovativeness and proactiveness. Moreover, the analysis enabled the identification of four types of reactions to the emergence of the crisis as well as three types of reactions to the improvement of the external conditions that resulted from the easing of restrictions and the introduction of anti-crisis support measures for businesses. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the type of reaction had a significant impact on the changes in the performances of the examined companies. In particular, it was shown that the lowest decline in performance during the initial phase of crisis could be observed in passive enterprises, i.e., those that did not modify their entrepreneurial strategies (did not alter their levels of individual dimensions of EO). The greatest increase in performance was achieved during the period of easing restrictions by those companies that significantly enhanced their activities across all of the considered dimensions of EO. IMPLICATIONS: The research results provided insights for entrepreneurs in strategic management. Specifically, they learned about the modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors that could lead to the most favorable and optimal improvements in a firm’s performance when market conditions change. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study contributes to the literature concerning reactions to changes in market conditions. This innovative approach considers dynamics where the changes themselves are variables. In particular, this research identifies types of entrepreneurial reactions to market condition changes in terms of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, it provides an answer to how firm performance evolved regarding various reaction types (using the example of the printing industry).

Danang Adi Putra, Amanda Alvi Nurdiantoro

The growth of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia can be attributed to the increasing public awareness of sharia principles in financial activities and strong government regulatory support, which includes regulations covering aspects ranging from capital requirement to operational procedures. it is evident that Shariah banks have the potential to thrive in the financial sector through strategic initiatives and a commitment to their core values. By leveraging technology and innovation, enhancing risk management practices, diversifying revenue streams, and strengthening governance and compliance processes, Shariah banks can position themselves for sustainable growth and success in the future. It is essential for Shariah banks to continue adapting to the changing landscape of the financial industry while staying true to their principles in order to maximize their profitability and impact.

S. Sönmez, Yiorgos Apostolopoulos, P. Tarlow

Shalaleh Rismani, R. Shelby, A. Smart et al.

Inappropriate design and deployment of machine learning (ML) systems lead to negative downstream social and ethical impacts – described here as social and ethical risks – for users, society, and the environment. Despite the growing need to regulate ML systems, current processes for assessing and mitigating risks are disjointed and inconsistent. We interviewed 30 industry practitioners on their current social and ethical risk management practices and collected their first reactions on adapting safety engineering frameworks into their practice – namely, System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Our findings suggest STPA/FMEA can provide an appropriate structure for social and ethical risk assessment and mitigation processes. However, we also find nontrivial challenges in integrating such frameworks in the fast-paced culture of the ML industry. We call on the CHI community to strengthen existing frameworks and assess their efficacy, ensuring that ML systems are safer for all people.

K. Ingvartsen, K. Moyes

The large increase in milk yield and the structural changes in the dairy industry have caused major changes in the housing, feeding and management of the dairy cow. However, while large improvements have occurred in production and efficiency, the disease incidence, based on veterinary records, does not seem to be improved. Earlier reviews have covered critical periods such as the transition period in the cow and its influence on health and immune function, the interplay between the endocrine system and the immune system and nutrition and immune function. Knowledge on these topics is crucial for our understanding of disease risk and our effort to develop health and welfare improving strategies, including proactive management for preventing diseases and reducing the severity of diseases. To build onto this the main purpose of this review will therefore be on the effect of physiological imbalance (PI) on immune function, and to give perspectives for prevention of diseases in the dairy cow through nutrition. To a large extent, the health problems during the periparturient period relate to cows having difficulty in adapting to the nutrient needs for lactation. This may result in PI, a situation where the regulatory mechanisms are insufficient for the animals to function optimally leading to a high risk of a complex of digestive, metabolic and infectious problems. The risk of infectious diseases will be increased if the immune competence is reduced. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the immune response and the effect of nutrition may be directly through nutrients or indirectly by metabolites, for example, in situations with PI. This review discusses the complex relationships between metabolic status and immune function and how these complex interactions increase the risk of disease during early lactation. A special focus will be placed on the major energetic fuels currently known to be used by immune cells (i.e. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine) and how certain metabolic states, such as degree of negative energy balance and risk of PI, contribute to immunosuppression during the periparturient period. Finally, we will address some issues on disease prevention through nutrition.

Rajesh Kumar Sahu, Sridhara Nayak, Kuvar Satya Singh et al.

AbstractPre-monsoon thunderstorms are catastrophic and frequent over eastern and north-eastern India. The Chhota Nagpur plateau (CNP) believes to be the triggering platform for thunderstorms over east India. This study attempted to determine the influence of the CNP topography on thunderstorm formation and propagation by observing the changes in the values of thermodynamic indices over eastern India. The work attempted ten cases of thunderstorms in multiple simulations, i.e. each case simulated three times with varying elevations of CNP topography (in total 30 simulations) by Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF–ARW) model. Our analysis revealed that when the elevation of topography of the CNP changes (increases/decreases), the characteristics of several thermodynamic indices alter considerably (with values changing from negative to the positive side for some indices). We found the Cross Total Index (CTI) shows considerable differences in all the thunderstorm simulations, and the values are higher in the increased CNP topography (∼ −4 to 6 °C). However, the Humidity Index (HI) (∼ −10 to 15 °C) and Convective INhibition (CIN) (∼ −200 to 200 J/Kg) values depict considerable changes in decreased topography. The results are crucial to understanding and quantifying the role of CNP in pre-monsoon thunderstorms over east India.

G. Aliperti, S. Sandholz, M. Hagenlocher et al.

A large proportion of the global tourism industry is highly exposed and vulnerable to environmental hazards and has over the last years been highly affected by subsequent disasters and crises. Tourism involves the interactions of organizations, people, and events in a variety of subsystems. The complexity of this interconnected system and the relatively early-stage of tourism-related crisis and disaster studies suggests that a dialogue between the tourism and the disaster risk research communities could be beneficial in order to share knowledge and define gaps regarding crisis and disaster affecting the tourism industry. Our study aims at giving directions to fill this gap by reviewing key contributions on crisis and disaster risk management and adopting a systematic approach to review the tourism-oriented literature on the topic. Grounding on the analysis of 113 relevant publications, this note describes how the literature has developed to this point and where the field seems to be heading in the future. The findings point towards a research agenda for the future.

N. Abeysekara, Hai-jun Wang, D. Kuruppuarachchi

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which firms in the Sri Lankan apparel industry practice supply-chain-resilience (SCRes) capabilities and examine whether SCRes practices affect the performance and competitive advantage of those firms.Design/methodology/approachUses a conceptual framework to assess SCRes capabilities and to investigate their impact on firm performance and competitive advantage. Uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to quantitatively analyze questionnaire data collected from 89 Sri Lankan apparel manufacturers.FindingsIn the presence of SCRes capabilities in the apparel industry, this study finds that supply-chain risk-management culture positively affects SCRes capabilities, namely re-engineering, agility and collaboration. Agility shows the greatest influence on firm performance and competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to the apparel industry sector (a manufacturing sector) in Sri Lanka to maintain the uniformity of the research constructs.Practical implicationsResults imply that management should pay more attention to enhancing SCRMC and prioritizing their SCRes capabilities.Originality/valueThis study is the first to assess SCRes capabilities in the apparel-manufacturing sector and examine the impact of SCRes capabilities on firm performance and competitive advantage.

Quanfu Ding, Biao Li, Haijian Su et al.

High geo-stresses and complicated geological conditions are two typical characteristics in the traffic tunnel of the tailrace surge chamber at the Shuangjiangkou hydropower station, Southwest China. Rock failures such as spalling and rockbursts induced by excavation were encountered repeatedly in this tunnel. To evaluate the stability of rock mass of the tunnel during excavation, the high-precision microseismic (MS) monitoring technology was introduced. Through analysing the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of MS events, the main damage areas and their influencing factors were studied. The rock fracturing mechanisms of MS clusters were revealed based on the source parameters of MS events. A three-dimensional model was established to obtain the stress and deformation characteristics of rock mass. Results indicated that the MS events mainly occurred between July 10 and 26, 2017 and the energy release was higher during this period. The main damage areas of rock mass were located at the Stake K0 + 110m–K0 + 170m. Weak structures and multi-cavern effect aggravated rock mass damage subjected to excavation-unloading. Tensile failure was the main fracturing type of rock mass. Rock mass damage influenced by weak structures was especially prominent. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the MS monitoring results. The results could provide significant references for safety evaluation and construction design of similar tunnels.

Wenhao Guo, Anye Cao, Yang Hu et al.

Dynamic disasters such as rockbursts have different characteristics with different geological structures. The rockburst mechanism and the influencing factors of a typical composite fault-fold structure were explored by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results showed that: (1) the influence of the composite fault-fold structure on the roadway group rockburst was mainly caused by tectonic stress disturbance; (2) the stress peak value and the influence range of the hanging wall of the fault were larger than those in the footwall, and the stress of the syncline axis was larger than that of the anticline axis; (3) the tectonic stress of the composite fault-fold structure was the highest, the stress value reached to the peak when the fault dip angle was 65°, and the tectonic stress was directly proportional to the elastic modulus of coal and first increased and then decreased with the increase in coal seam thickness; and (4) before rockburst, seismic activities concentrated within 200 m from the footwall and 0–250 m in the hanging wall of the fault, mainly concentrated in 0–20 and 0–40 m, respectively. The spatial distribution coincided with the high static stress area. HighlightsThe asymmetry of stress and microseismic events of composite fault-fold structure reveals the asymmetry of rockburst potential. The rockburst potential of the hanging wall of the fault is greater than that of the footwall, and the rockburst potential of the syncline is greater than that of the anticlineBased on the analysis of stress characteristics and fault activation, it is revealed that the rockburst of roadway group is mainly affected by the static tectonic stress of composite fault-fold structure.Four influencing factors: structure type, fault dip angle, coal seam thickness, and coal elastic modulus are analysed, and the causes of stress concentration of composite fault-fold structure are revealed.

M. E. Asmar, A. Hanna, Wei-Yin Loh

N. H. A. Rahman, W. Glisson, Yanjiang Yang et al.

Robert Muha, Sebastjan Škerlič, Vanja Erčulj

The purpose of the study is to determine whether the presence of risk management in a warehouse requires the implementation of modern warehouse technology. On the basis of the literature analysis, it was possible to determine that there is a correlation between the presence of the highest level of risk management and the use of modern warehouse technology in individual warehousing processes. For this purpose, a statistical analysis was carried out on a sample of companies operating in the Slovenian automotive industry. The results did not reveal a tangible correlation between the presence of risk management with the use of individual modern warehouse technology, the motivation for its use and errors in its use. The results of the study therefore, highlight the problems that are present in the warehousing system of the Slovenian companies in the automotive industry, which are related to substandard technological equipment in the warehouses and to the discrepancy between the level of manufacturing automation and the level of warehousing automation. The results are important for the Slovenian automotive industry in terms of the implementation of modern warehouse technology in the high-tech automotive industry.