The rapid evolution of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked an ongoing debate regarding its ability to replicate, or even experience, human emotions. While early conversational chatbots such as Joseph Weizenbaum’s ELIZA (1966) relied on simple pattern recognition to create the illusion of understanding, modern AI systems like ChatGPT generate highly sophisticated, contextually appropriate responses that can convincingly mimic emotional engagement. This paper draws upon cinematic reflections, such as Spike Jonze’s Her (2013), to offer a critical examination of the question of whether AI is capable of genuine emotional experience or merely simulating such experiences through advanced language modelling. Utilising a theoretical framework grounded in philosophy, psychology and communication studies, this research critically assesses AI’s capacity for emotional experience, positing that while chatbots may convincingly simulate human emotional expression, they lack the subjective element that is integral to genuine emotional experience. This distinction, nowadays, has profound implications for human-AI interaction, ethics, and our understanding of artificial intelligence’s humanity in contemporary society.
El artículo analiza la cristología de Thomas Hobbes con el propósito de entender una de las principales causas de su descrito como un pensador cristiano o, incluso, ateo, lo que afecta eventualmente la validez de su teología política. El autor sostiene que si bien Hobbes hace uso de la Biblia como fundamento de su filosofía política, su recepción del cristianismo en general no es enteramente correcta, debido a que está fuertemente influenciada por su decisión política en favor del absolutismo. Esta posición política lo lleva a escoger textos ad-hoc que apoyan su teoría y a rechazar otros que no lo hacen, dejando así fuera importantes aspectos del cristianismo, uno de los cuales, el más central, es la naturaleza de Jesucristo como Dios-hombre y la interpretación contractualista del federalismo judío. El artículo hace uso de estudios de reconocidos investigadores (Elazar, Pangle, Kraynak, Ratzinger entre otros) y el autor concluye que Hobbes exhibe una visión reduccionista del cristianismo que influye en su teología política.
De acordo com o intérprete Pierre Macherey, a obra Espinosa e o problema da expressão lança mão de um procedimento estruturalista para interpretar a filosofia de Baruch de Espinosa, e tal estruturalismo deleuziano tem a singularidade de conjugar as dimensões da estrutura e da gênese dessa filosofia. O presente artigo tem como ponto de partida essas duas indicações e seu objetivo é duplo: por um lado, demonstrar que elementos desta obra deleuziana nos levam a crer que, de fato, se trata de uma interpretação estruturalista; e, por outro lado, demonstrar como essa conjugação entre estrutura e gênese se faz presente nessa interpretação. Para tanto, investigamos: (1) como a interpretação deleuziana lê a abertura da Parte I da Ética à luz da função sistemática da ideia de expressão; (2) o que Deleuze entende por “método estrutural-genético” em Martial Gueroult; (3) o conjunto de critérios, que segundo Deleuze, nos permitem reconhecer um pensamento estruturalista.
Rif’an Syafruddin, Hafiz Anshary, Wahyudin Wahyudin
et al.
The increasing influence of Salafi ideology in educational institutions, often brings textual interpretations of Islamic teachings, thus affecting the dynamics of religious diversity in a multicultural society. The main focus of this research is how transnational Salafi education affects the mindset, religious attitudes, and social relations between religious communities in Indonesia. This article aims to analyze transnational Salafi education and its impact on multireligious harmony in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data was collected through searching sources from the internet, academic books, and scientific journals related to Salafi education and multireligious harmony. The analysis process was carried out thematically to identify patterns of influence of Salafi education on interreligious relations in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that transnational Salafi education tended to influence the exclusive mindset of some students, which could hinder interfaith communication. However, there were also Salafi educational institutions that have begun to adopt a moderate approach to teaching, thus contributing positively to social relations. This article emphasizes the importance of strengthening the value of inclusivity in the religious education curriculum to maintain harmony in the midst of Indonesia's diversity. This research provides new insights into the challenges and opportunities of Salafi education in building multireligious harmony in Indonesia.
This study aims to provide an overview and explain more clearly about interactive games as a learning medium in Early Childhood. This study uses a literature review research method, which is a research approach that involves the collection, analysis, and synthesis of various literature sources relevant to a particular topic. Applying the method by conducting an in-depth literature review to uncover interactive games as a learning medium in early childhood. The data used was obtained from various sources such as scientific articles, journals, and relevant books, which were accessed through the Google Scholar platform. The analysis was carried out by reviewing and interpreting the results of previous research on interactive games in the context of education. This method focuses on an in-depth exploration of how interactive games can form an optimal learning environment to hone thinking skills in early childhood. The results that have been done in four article manuscripts containing interactive games as a learning medium, the essence of the content of the four articles is really extraordinary because it clearly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of integral games in general as a learning medium. In particular, the difference lies in the explanation of the starting point, the importance of understanding or several stages that can be passed as a learning medium. Ultimately, however, it is up to readers, practitioners and researchers to carefully examine the characteristics of interactive games as a learning medium and make decisions about which interactive games should be chosen for the learning media process.
Relevance. Leading domestic scientists who dealt with the problem of studying the intelligentsia note in their works that intellectuals are not born and it is not encoded in the genes. The values of the intelligentsia are formed and brought up in the course of a purposefully organized pedagogical process and psychological influence. The theoretical and informational basis of this process, as well as the main source, is social memory as a semantic accumulator. Social memory as a dynamic mental formation and as a social phenomenon has its own structure and carriers, as well as cultural and psychological transmission mechanisms.
Materials and methods. Comprehensive knowledge of the concept and features of the functioning of the social memory of the military intelligentsia, as well as the mechanisms of its translation, was carried out based on systemic, axiological and subjective methodological approaches. The applied scientific methods were analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison, abstraction and generalization.
Results of the study. The key scientific results of the study are the accumulation of generalized ideas about the social memory of the domestic military intelligentsia and the psychological mechanisms of its transmission. The results of the study can be used to organize the pedagogical process in a military university to develop the intelligence of future officers.
Andrzej Dragan’s book Quantechism or a cage for people is a great popular science book to start a fascinating adventure with the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. It is written in an easy language, does not require from the reader a deep knowledge of contemporary physical issues, while describing, illustrating and explaining them very well. Instead, it requires broader historical knowledge and at least basic philosophical knowledge for verification, helping to bring out what is most valuable in the book. Unfortunately, the book, while popularizing science, also makes a terrible mess and does a lot of damage to the deeper understanding of physics, its history, and the meaning and function of philosophy and religion. And so it can become an attractive and appealing, but nevertheless a trap-cage for thinking people.
Foucault y Benjamin aprovecharon distintos temas y categorías de El capital de Marx, en concordancia con sus temas de interés y opciones teóricas y políticas. Foucault se concentró en el análisis de las relaciones de producción en lo que atañía al disciplinamiento de la clase obrera por el capital. Benjamin, a partir del fetichismo de la mercancía, en la fascinación del consumo y de la mera exhibición consumista patente en los grandes almacenes. Ambas lecturas son tratadas en este artículo como complementarias y convergentes. En efecto, a partir de los fundamentos marxianos, permiten trazar una genealogía bien equipada del sometimiento de los seres vivos a la relación moderna del capital: un sometimiento que continúa bajo nuevas formas en el capitalismo actual. Sobre esto el texto se cierra, abriendo un camino para explorar.
Subiektywny punkt widzenia ekspertów często znajduje przełożenie na próby swobodnej reinterpretacji zapisów aktów prawnych. Uczestnikami „sporu o zabytek” mogą być zarówno inwestor, architekt, konserwatorzy, politycy, urzędnicy, jak i osoby trzecie - obywatele. W celu umożliwienia obiektywizacji podejmowanych decyzji, nawiazania dialogu opartego o wspólny punkt odniesienia lub danie społeczeństwu możliwości sprzeciwu, proponuję wykonywanie badań okulograficznych. Eye tracking (czyli okulografia) pozwala na śledzenie tego, w jaki sposób ludzie zapoznają się z prezentowanymi im przedmiotami. Dzięki rejestracji ruchów gałek ocznych dużej grupy obserwatorów możliwe jest zbadanie preferencji rządzących tym procesem jak i zaobserwowanie zmian wynikających z modyfikacji wprowadzanych w obrębie prezentowanego obiektu. W artykule zwięźle omówiono możliwe zastosowanie okulografów dla potrzeb różnorodnej, prawnej ochrony zabytków oraz wielowątkowego umożliwienia społeczeństwu uczestnictwa w tym procesie. W tekście umieszczono również argumenty za i przeciw wprowadzeniu takiej metody do powszechnego użytku. Dla czytelności wywodu zjawisko opisano w oparciu o przykład biblioteki wzniesionej w obrębie wrocławskiego Ostrowa Tumskiego. Celem artykułu nie jest podjęcie jednostkowej krytyki wspomnianej realizacji, a jedynie wyliczenie problemów, które mogłyby być sprawnie rozwiązane dzięki zupełnie nowemu podejściu badawczemu.
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Religion (General)
En este artículo presentamos la tradición oral de la región de Jbala (norte de Marruecos) desde una perspectiva cognitiva. Empleamos las nociones de «marco» (temas o escenas) y «guión» (lenguaje formulaico) para demostrar cómo funciona el proceso de creación poética en tiempo real. Nos centraremos en el género de ayyu, un género de poesía oral corta, improvisada y autóctona de la región de Jbala. Empezaremos introduciendo brevemente el campo de la poética cognitiva, su terminología más relevante y los últimos avances. Después presentamos la poesía oral de la región de Jbala y examinamos cómo funcionan los «marcos» y los «guiones» en la poesía cantada. Asimismo, analizamos en detalle varios «marcos» típicos de la poesía jebli junto con los «guiones» asociados a ellos para terminar con unas conclusiones en las que presentamos nuestros hallazgos.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Language and Literature
Biopaliwa transportowe uzyskały wsparcie polityczne i początkowo miały pozytywny odbiór społeczny. Z czasem negatywne skutki uboczne stały się źródłem kwestionowania roli biopaliw w zrównoważonym rozwoju gospodarczym. Biopaliwa zaawansowane wytworzone z zasobów biomasy, które nie powodują konkurencji z produkcją żywności i pasz, mają istotną rolę w biogospodarce. Powinny być wytwarzane głównie w oparciu o odpady i pozostałości. Biorafinerie jako miejsce wytwarzania bioproduktów i biopaliw będą odgrywały kluczową rolę w produkcji przemysłowej w zrównoważonej biogospodarce.
Se defiende la tesis de que la teoría kantiana del espacio, en el contexto del idealis-mo trascendental, constituye un marco adecuado para solucionar la paradoja de las contrapartidas incongruentes. Se incluyen dos hipótesis: a) la solución kantiana implica una referencia a la conciencia de la propia corporalidad, para comprender cómo poseemos la capacidad para orientarnos en el espacio; b) no existe contradicción en el uso kantiano de las contrapartidas incongruentes en diferentes estadios de su pensamiento. La solución kantiana de 1768 constituye una versión germinal del desarrollo que culminará en la teoría idealista trascendental acerca del espacio como una forma de nuestra sensibilidad.
O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar a crise de fé como um ponto fundamental para o ato de filosofar. Os filmes Diário de um pároco de aldeia (1950) de Robert Bresson e Luz de inverno de Ingmar Bergman (1962) serão as principais fontes de nossa reflexão. Nossa proposta é avaliar como se manifesta a crise de fé em indivíduos religiosos e como a mesma pode ser significativa filosoficamente. Para tanto, também nos valeremos das reflexões de George Bernanos, autor da obra Diário de um pároco de aldeia, que inspirou o filme de Bresson e também de algumas reflexões selecionadas de filósofos como Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heine, Feuerbach, Santo Agostinho e Albert Camus. Segundo nossa interpretação, a temática da filosofia da existência é vital tanto no cinema de Bresson como no de Bergman.
Em "Do útil e do honesto" Montaigne indaga se, na defesa do Estado, haveria limites éticos para a ação do príncipe. O príncipe deve pautar-se pelo útil ou pelo honesto? Argumenta que o "devoir publique" é o limite da dedicação do súdito a um príncipe, o qual deve preservar a liberdade de julgamento. Ir além dos limites da consciência no serviço público é arriscar a confiança dos outros na veracidade de suas próprias palavras. Não há razão superior à razão de consciência. Enquanto para Maquiavel o conceito de utilidade é fundamental, para Montaigne o útil não é o honesto. Ainda que a utilidade pública, mesmo que por uma "razão mais geral", obrigue à desonestidade, a moralidade deve vigorar no espaço público. A honestidade, no interior do espaço público, é uma força instituinte da sociedade política. Todavia, a pretensão à verdade e o cuidado com a "paix publique" são definitivamente distintos. Montaigne afirma a incompatibilidade entre a moral e a política, mas almeja um príncipe que não ignore o honesto.<br>In "Of the useful and of the honest" Montaigne questions if, in the defense of the State, there shoud be any ethical limits to the action of the prince. Must the prince be guided by the useful or the honest? He argues that the "devoir publique" is the limit subjects have to respect in their dedication to the prince, preserving their freedom of judgment. In public affairs, going beyond the limits of conscience is risking the trust of others in the truth of one's words. There is no reason higher than consciousness. While, according to Machiavelli, the concept of utility is fundamental, Montaigne distingishes the useful from the honest. Even if the public utility (hence a "more general reason") may impose dishonesty, morality should prevail in the public space. Within the public space honesty is essential to institute the political society. However, to be truthful and to care about the "paix publique" are definitely different. Montaigne assumes the incompatibility between morality and politics, but not a prince who ignores the difference between the useful and the honest.
Straipsnis skirtas informacijos visuomenės sampratos pamatinių metodologinių-aksiologinių charakteristikų atodangai. Jame parodoma, pirma, kad labiausiai paplitusi informacijos visuomenės samprata yra grindžiama egzistencine informacijos visuomenės kaip realaus fenomeno ir jo nelygstamos svarbos prielaida ir, antra, kad tokia egzistencinė-aksiologinė prielaida yra artikuliuojama įprastinio, liberalaussocialdemokratinio, moderniojo ideologinio diskurso terminais. Straipsnyje kritiškai aptariama ir viešoji informacijos visuomenės sampratos vartosena nūdienėje Lietuvoje.
Prasminiai žodžiai: informacijos visuomenė, ideologija, infopesimizmas, infooptimizmas, racionalaus pasirinkimo teorija, egzistencinė-aksiologinė prielaida.
CONCEPTION OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY: IN THE GRIP OF THE OLD WINESKINS
Marius P. Šaulauskas
Summary
The article deals with fundamental methodological and axiological characteristics of the information society?s concept. It argues, first, that the most widespread understanding of the information society dwells on the existential presupposition, which sensu stricto implausibly posits information society, tentatively endowed with an utmost societal importance, as an already real phenomenon in status nascendi. Second, that such an The article deals with fundamental methodological and axiological characteristics of the information society?s concept. It argues, first, that the most widespread understanding of the information society dwells on the existential presupposition, which sensu stricto implausibly posits information society, tentatively endowed with an utmost societal importance, as an already real phenomenon in status nascendi. Second, that such an existential-axiological assumption is articulated along the lines of modern ideological discourse, i.e. in terms of mainstream liberal-socialdemocratic controversies. An article also puts under critical comparative scrutiny the usage of information society's concept in the public sphere of nowadays Lithuania.
Keywords: information society, ideology, info-pesimism, info-optimism, rational choice theory, existential-axiological assumption.