As the work hardening rate increases during the cold drawing of non-heat-treated steel (NHT steel), a significant loss in ductility and toughness can occur, leading to reduced formability and part quality. In this study, a bidirectional drawing process consisting of alternating forward and reverse passes is proposed to mitigate these issues and enhance the mechanical performance of the steel. Mechanical property evaluations, including tensile testing and three-point bending tests, were conducted to assess the effects of bidirectional drawing compared to conventional unidirectional drawing. The results showed that the bidirectionally drawn wire maintained a similar tensile strength to that of the unidirectionally drawn wire at a 70% area reduction, while exhibiting a 12% improvement in elongation. Microstructural analysis revealed grain refinement and reduced texture anisotropy in the bidirectionally drawn specimens, contributing to the observed enhancement in ductility. These findings indicate that bidirectional drawing is a promising approach for improving the formability and overall quality of high-strength, NHT steel components.
[Objective] This study aims to reveal the the theoretical logic and implementation path of recessive rural residential land use transition from the perspective of value co-creation, providing references for promoting rural residential land redevelopment. [Methods] This study employed theoretical analysis and case study methods, based on relevant theories of value co-creation and land use transition, constructing a theoretical analysis framework for realizing recessive rural residential land use transition through value co-creation. The case of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, was used for illustration. [Results] (1) Value co-creation of ural residential land follows the process model of “value consensus-value execution-value win-win” and the operational paradigm of “subject interaction - capacity embedding - benefit sharing”, driving the “element integration - structure reorganization - function optimization” of rural residential land use system, resulting in the dynamic evolution of diverse values such as residential security, economic property, production and operation, ecological protection, and cultural inheritance, and achieving the recessive rural residential land use transition. (2) Yiwu’s practice path of guiding multiple stakeholders to interact collaboratively, constructing “value consensus” for rural residential land, driving with multiple forces, and implementing “value execution” for rural residential land through multi-dimensional rule interaction is a successful model for realizing the recessive rural residential land use transformation through value co-creation. (3) Through the practice of value co-creation, Yiwu has achieved a transformation of the functional value of rural residential land from residential security orientation to economic property orientation, and then to a comprehensive and coordinated approach that encompasses residential security, production and operation, economic assets, and ecological protection, etc. [Conclusion] Guiding recessive rural residential land use transformation through value co-creation is feasible. In the future, we should aim at the rural transformation needs and changes in stakeholder demands, identify the dominant subjects of value consensus, the core forces of value execution, and the key rules of value win-win, and promote recessive transition and redevelopment of rural residential land use according to local conditions, enhancing the scientific basis of decision-making.
We revisit, in a self contained way, the Markov property on planar maps and decorated planar maps from three perspectives. First, we characterize the laws on these planar maps that satisfy both the Markov property and rerooting invariance, showing that they are Boltzmann-type maps. Second, we provide a comprehensive characterization of random submaps, that we call stopping maps, satisfying the Markov property, demonstrating that they are not restricted to those obtained through a peeling procedure. Third, we introduce decorated metric planar maps in which edges are replaced by copies of random length intervals $[0,w_e]$, and the decorations are given by continuous functions on the edges. We define a probability measure on them that is the analogue of the Boltzmann map and show that it satisfies the Markov property even for sets that halt exploration mid-edge.
Nose-to-brain delivery allows the direct targeting of drug molecules bypassing the Blood Brain Barrier and systemic effect. Nanoemulsion is one of the novel strategies to deliver drug in this route due to its simplicity in manufacturing, long-term stability, and strong solubilization property for drug. The anticancer drug lomustine had poor oral bioavailability in addition to its serious side effect, therefore, developing more effective drug delivery with direct targeting towards the brain through intra-nasal administration applying nanoemulsion technology is a promising alternative. The work involved lomustine solubility screening in oils, surfactants and cosurfactants as well as emulsifier ratio (Smix) nanoemulsion area was identified using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Eighteen nanoemulsion formulas were produced for optimization, then characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, conductivity, transmittance, dilution, visual transparency, physical stability and in vitro release. The optimum NE formula showed droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, %transmittance, conductivity of 31.31 nm, −30.65 mV, 0.159, 98.12%, 99.08%, and 951 us/cm, respectively. The best formula released 100% lomustine within 15 min which is a promising potential drug delivery system that may deliver the drug quickly and directly to the brain as a safe and effective alternative to oral delivery.
Most polymer materials are thermal and electrical insulators, which have wide potential in advanced energy-power applications including energy conversion. However, polymers get softened when in contact with heat, which causes their molecular chains to flow as the temperature increases. Although polymer dielectrics exhibit high power density, they face challenges of low energy density which is due to the low dielectric permittivity associated with them. Therefore, this study tried to address the poor thermal energy management and low energy density of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) while maintaining its flexible property using low content of hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs–0.05wt%, 0.1wt%) and boron nitride (BN–5wt%, 10wt%) nano-reinforcements. The nanocomposites were developed through solvent mixing and hot compression processes. The dielectric constant increased from 9.1 for the pure PVDF to 42.8 with a low loss of about 0.1 at 100 Hz for PVDF-0.1wt%CNTs-10wt%BN. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was enhanced by 55°C compared to the pure PVDF. The nanocomposites also showed improved melting and crystallization temperatures. The developed PVDF-CNTs-BN nanocomposites showed significant enhancements in thermal energy management, stability, and dielectric properties. The significantly improved properties are credited to the synergetic effects between CNTs and BN in the PVDF matrix in promoting homogeneous dispersion, thermal barrier, interfacial polarization/bonding, insulative and conductive properties. Therefore, the developed nanomaterials in this study can find advanced applications in the energy-power sector owing to their enhanced performances.
Trond A. Abrahamsen, Ramón J. Aliaga, Vegard Lima
et al.
We introduce relative versions of Daugavet-points and the Daugavet property, where the Daugavet-behavior is localized inside of some supporting slice. These points present striking similarities with Daugavet-points, but lie strictly between the notions of Daugavet- and $Δ$-points. We provide a geometric condition that a space with the Radon--Nikodým property must satisfy in order to be able to contain a relative Daugavet-point. We study relative Daugavet-points in absolute sums of Banach spaces, and obtain positive stability results under local polyhedrality of the underlying absolute norm. We also get extreme differences between the relative Daugavet property, the Daugavet property, and the diametral local diameter 2 property. Finally, we study Daugavet- and $Δ$-points in subspaces of $L_1(μ)$-spaces. We show that the two notions coincide in the class of all Lipschitz-free spaces over subsets of $\mathbb{R}$-trees. We prove that the diametral local diameter 2 property and the Daugavet property coincide for arbitrary subspaces of $L_1(μ)$, and that reflexive subspaces of $L_1(μ)$ do not contain $Δ$-points. A subspace of $L_1[0,1]$ with a large subset of $Δ$-points, but with no relative Daugavet-point, is constructed.
Rice grain chalkiness is an important characteristic, but the difference between chalky and translucent parts in grains is still unclear. Here, we investigated the differences of flour made from the chalky or translucent part of rice grains in three indica and three japonica rice varieties. The chalky flour had significantly lower amylose and protein contents and looser starch granule morphology, and starches in the chalky flour had higher relative crystallinity, higher short chain content but lower long chain content than those in the translucent flour. The water states, determined with nuclear magnetic resonance, differed between the chalky and translucent flour after soaking, cooking and retrograding, and the chalky flour had more bound and free water but less constructural water than the translucent flour. Mostly, the chalky flour had lower viscosity and shorter gel consistency, but higher onset temperature and gelatinization enthalpy than the translucent flour. The results indicated that starch granule morphology would be more indicative than other attributions on pasting and gelatinization properties of chalky and translucent parts of rice grains.
We extend the usual Hilbert property for varieties over fields to arithmetic schemes over integral domains by demanding the set of near-integral points (as defined by Vojta) to be non-thin. We then generalize results of Bary-Soroker-Fehm-Petersen and Corvaja-Zannier by proving several structure results related to products and finite étale covers of arithmetic schemes with the Hilbert property.
We investigate the generalized tree properties and guessing model properties introduced by Weiß and Viale, as well as natural weakenings thereof, studying the relationships among these properties and between these properties and other prominent combinatorial principles. We introduce a weakening of Viale and Weiß's Guessing Model Property, which we call the Almost Guessing Property, and prove that it provides an alternate formulation of the slender tree property in the same way that the Guessing Model Property provides and alternate formulation of the ineffable slender tree property. We show that instances of the Almost Guessing Property have sufficient strength to imply, for example, failures of square or the nonexistence of weak Kurepa trees. We show that these instances of the Almsot Guessing Property hold in the Mitchell model starting from a strongly compact cardinal and prove a number of other consistency results showing that certain implications between the principles under consideration are in general not reversible. In the process, we provide a new answer to a question of Viale by constructing a model in which, for all regular $θ\geq ω_2$, there are stationarily many $ω_2$-guessing models $M \in \mathscr{P}_{ω_2} H(θ)$ that are not $ω_1$-guessing models.
Property inference attacks allow an adversary to extract global properties of the training dataset from a machine learning model. Such attacks have privacy implications for data owners sharing their datasets to train machine learning models. Several existing approaches for property inference attacks against deep neural networks have been proposed, but they all rely on the attacker training a large number of shadow models, which induces a large computational overhead. In this paper, we consider the setting of property inference attacks in which the attacker can poison a subset of the training dataset and query the trained target model. Motivated by our theoretical analysis of model confidences under poisoning, we design an efficient property inference attack, SNAP, which obtains higher attack success and requires lower amounts of poisoning than the state-of-the-art poisoning-based property inference attack by Mahloujifar et al. For example, on the Census dataset, SNAP achieves 34% higher success rate than Mahloujifar et al. while being 56.5x faster. We also extend our attack to infer whether a certain property was present at all during training and estimate the exact proportion of a property of interest efficiently. We evaluate our attack on several properties of varying proportions from four datasets and demonstrate SNAP's generality and effectiveness. An open-source implementation of SNAP can be found at https://github.com/johnmath/snap-sp23.
Subiakto Soekarno, Eggy Muhammad Prayoga, Indra Yudha Mambea
This study explored the determinants of capital structure, optimal capital structure, and adjustment speed in real-estate, property, and construction firms in Indonesia. It conducted a quantitative analysis of the annual report of 25 listed firms by employing a generalized method of moment approach with panel data to estimate the result. Results showed that the determinants of capital structure, such as profitability, tangibility, size, and liquidity, have a negative impact on leverage. By contrast, a non-debt tax shield has a positive impact. Based on the regression result, firms have an optimal capital structure target with a yearly adjustment speed of 80%. Furthermore, calculation of optimal target structure shows that firms require approximately three years to meet the discrepancy between their current capital structure and the targeted capital structure.
Abstract Background Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, with a high incidence and no effective treatment. At present, the targeted therapy of intestinal microbes for NAFLD is highly valued. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), as the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum, is considered to be a new type of prebiotic substance, which can improve NAFLD by regulating the gut microbiota. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LBP supplementation in modulating gut microbiota for NAFLD patients. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study will be conducted in the physical examination center of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Hospital. A total of 50 patients with NAFLD confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, laboratory tests, and questionnaire surveys will be recruited and randomly assigned into the control group (maltodextrin placebo capsules) and the intervention group (LBP supplementation capsules) for 3 months. Neither patients, nor investigators, nor data collectors will know the contents in each capsule and the randomization list. The primary outcome measure is the level of ALT concentration relief after the intervention. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiota abundance and diversity, intestinal permeability, patient’s characteristic demographic data and body composition, adverse effects, and compliance from patients. Discussion LBPs are potential prebiotics with the property of regulating host gut microbiota. Our previous studies have documented that LBP supplement can improve the liver damage and the gut microflora dysbiosis in NAFLD rats. This treatment would provide a more in-depth understanding of the effect of this LBP supplementation. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2000034740 . Registered on 17 July 2020.
Step skew products with interval fibres and a subshift as a base are considered. It is proved that if the fibre maps are continuous, piecewise monotone, expanding and surjective and the subshift has the specification property and a periodic orbit such that the composition of the fibre maps along this orbit is mixing, then the corresponding step skew product has the specification property.
This work investigates the in vivo dielectric properties of healthy and benign rat mammary tissues in an attempt to expand the dielectric property knowledge of animal models. The outcomes of this study can enable testing of microwave medical technologies on animal models and interpretation of tissue alteration-dependent in vivo dielectric properties of mammary tissues. Towards this end, in vivo dielectric properties of healthy rat mammary tissues and chemically induced benign rat mammary tumors including low-grade adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, and adenosis were collected with open-ended coaxial probes from 500 MHz to 18 GHz. The in vivo measurements revealed that the dielectric properties of benign rat mammary tumors are higher than the healthy rat mammary tissues by 9.3% to 35.5% and 19.6% to 48.7% for relative permittivity and conductivity, respectively. Furthermore, to our surprise, we found that the grade of the benign tissue affects the dielectric properties for this study. Finally, a comparison with ex vivo healthy human mammary tissue dielectric properties revealed that the healthy rat mammary tissues best replicate the dielectric properties of healthy medium density human samples.
Modelling studies on some ExnBox Cyclophanes were performed at HF/6-31G(d) level. Structural properties are examined in detail. Density of state (DOS) spectrum and molecular orbital energy diagram of related compounds at ground state were calculated and contour plots of significant molecular orbitals were investigated in detail. Some quantum chemical descriptors were calculated in the gas phase to examine the non-linear optical properties. Finally, UV-VIS spectrum of the mentioned compounds was calculated and examined in gas phase, toluene, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, 1,2-ethanediol, water and n-methylformamide-mixture. As a result, EX2.2Box4+ was found as the best candidate to NLO applications.
Sandipan Banerjee, Tushar Kanti Maiti, Raj Narayan Roy
Abstract Purpose The study aims to search for potent cellulase producer from the gut of Gryllotalpa africana as well as to characterize and determine the effect of the purified enzyme on the cellulosic waste materials. Methods The potent cellulolytic strain was identified through morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization like 16S rRNA and fatty acid methyl ester profile. After the optimization of cellulase production, the enzyme was purified through DEAE-Sepharose column chromatographic separation. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified enzyme was characterized in terms of its activity and its effect on cotton fiber, and sawdust was also studied. Result The selected potent strain GAC 16.2 was identified as Acinetobacter junii that was capable to produce enhanced cellulase (112.38 ± 0.87 U/ml) at standardized optimum fermentation conditions. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined as 55 kDa. The utmost activity of the purified enzyme was detected pH 7.0, temperature 50 °C, and in the presence of metal ions like Mg2+ and Mn2+. The substantive degradation of cotton fiber and sawdust has been observed in a reasonably short period. Conclusion Purified cellulase from the selected isolate A. junii GAC16.2, a gut isolate of G. africana, has the potentiality to degrade cellulosic substances. This property can make the isolate a potent candidature for industrial application, as well as an effective biotechnological tool for environmental monitoring through cellulosic waste management.
Federico Tommasi, Fabrizio Martelli, Lorenzo Fini
et al.
The invariance property of the mean path length is an astonishing law of Nature governing the motion of particles inside a disordered material. Whatever the strength of the disorder, the property states that the mean path length is exclusively determined by the ratio between the volume and the surface. Till now, the property has been reported as universal and valid in any kind of disordered medium and also beyond diffusion conditions. Nevertheless, we found out that the property fails in anomalous transport and in other kinds of random walk. By means of Monte Carlo simulations of light transport, we show that, in these cases, the invariance property loses its validity and the mean path length becomes dependent on the diffusive characteristics of the medium. The critical issue of such a violation lies in the breaking of isotropy and homogeneity of the radiance in the whole volume. These results are valid for all natural or artificial phenomena where random walkers, whatever their nature, are able to experiment anomalous transport.
A committee space is a Hilbert space of power series, perhaps in several or noncommuting variables, such that $\|z^α\|\|z^β\| \geq \|z^{α+β}\|.$ Such a space satisfies the true column-row property when ever the map transposing a column multiplier to a row multiplier is contractive. We describe a model for random multipliers and show that such random multipliers satisfy the true column-row property. We also show that the column-row property holds asymptotically for large random Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problems where the nodes are chosen identically and independently. These results suggest that finding a violation of the true column-row property for the Drury-Arveson space via naïve random search is unlikely.