Hasil untuk "Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"

Sophia Ivantes-Rodrigues, Camila Cortellete Pereira da Silva, Leonardo Pestillo de Oliveira et al.

Experiências adversas na infância são eventos de vida potencialmente impactantes ao desenvolvimento e podem ter efeitos de longo prazo na saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as mudanças biopsicossociais em crianças e adolescentes que vivenciaram conflitos armados. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, que teve como pergunta de pesquisa: “Quais as mudanças biopsicossociais podem ser identificadas em crianças que vivenciaram eventos traumáticos como guerras e conflitos armados de larga escala”. Foram incluídos na amostra 25 artigos originais de pesquisa. Foram construídas quatro categorias temáticas por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin: “Adolescentes e coping: a promoção da resiliência”, “Maternidade, desenvolvimento e guerra”, “Intervenções comunitárias, suporte social e estratégias de coping” e “Desenvolvimento infantil: consequências da guerra”. Os estudos ressaltam a importância do desenvolvimento e utilização de diferentes estratégias para a promoção da saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes expostos a conflitos armados.

Ivan Bodrožić

Mark Rego

Henri Bergson’s philosophy and Japanese cultural, aesthetic, and architectural traditions share an affinity regarding their view of reality as continuous change and the awareness of the vital impulses of life in all things. For example, these ideas are central to Buddhist and Shinto philosophies, for whom impermanence is an essential feature of the world. There are strong sympathies with Bergson’s duration, which has facilitated his reception in Japan. An understanding of Japanese aesthetics and philosophy of art can help illustrate and comprehend Bergson’s philosophy, and, in return, Bergson’s philosophy can reveal deeper understandings of the world and the environment we live in. This paper proposes to reflect on how duration manifests in Japanese aesthetics, particularly focusing on the philosophy of architecture and the built environment. I propose to analyze how architectural traditions in Japan interconnect with Bergson’s philosophy and how they might contribute to an architectural ontology of duration.

Mahdi Ganjvar

The purpose of this article is to analyze Fakhr-al-din Razi's theological method and the effect of theological teachings on his thought and logic of understanding religion; because among the Ash'arite theologians, the role of Imam Fakhr Razi in terms of methodology in the process of philosophizing theology is prominent and important and has received less attention from researchers. However, among the many issues about this knowledge, reviewing and refining the method of theology and raising methodological discussions about this science is one of the necessary preconditions and rudiments for understanding a coherent theological system. Inferring and analyzing the components of Fakhr's philosophical theology approach, such as: using logic and philosophical tools in explaining doctrinal issues; using the argumentative method in proving religious claims; avoidance of imitation and the dominance of rationality over obedience; and non-reliance on narrative evidence is the most important findings of this study. The method used in this research is the descriptive-analytical method of an inferential type.

Marcela Brevis-Yéber, Óscar Mas-Torelló , Carmen Ruiz Bueno

La práctica docente reflexiva (PDR) se considera como una estrategia significativa para impulsar proyectos de innovación en centros educativos y mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la asociación entre el desarrollo de una práctica docente reflexiva y el fomento de la innovación educativa. Para ello, se siguió una metodología mixta con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo y una recolección de datos de corte transversal. La vertiente cuantitativa contempló la visión de docentes de aula y docentes directivos (n=123) de cinco centros escolares chilenos, quienes expresaron sus opiniones en un cuestionario ad hoc. En la vertiente cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 18 docentes de aula y docentes directivos de los centros involucrados en esta investigación. Para sus relatos se realizó un análisis de contenido lo que permitió identificar patrones, temas convergentes y divergentes, considerando el contexto escolar como marco de refencia. Los resultados revelan una asociación entre una práctica docente reflexiva , donde el profesorado incorpora en su labor elementos y prácticas asociadas a un nivel de reflexión crítica, y su participación en proyectos de innovación educativa.

Renzo Ch. Filinich Orozco, Tamara J. Chibey Rivas

The present research turns around the concepts and processes of Becoming and Individuation where it evidences a functional model based on the articulation of an informational processing system based on the approaches of the philosopher Gilbert Simondon. It aims to model a sensorimotor cycle performed by the cognitive system of an Artificial Intelligence agent. To establish this model of biological inspiration, we use the concepts of information in cybernetics by Norbert Wiener, information and modulation in Gilbert Simondon and the notion of machine performativity in light of Bernard Stiegler's ideas. Although the architecture that we have called Qatipana (Quechua word that denotes the flow of information processing systems) cannot be considered as a systems theory, it has the utility of being able to explain some empirical observations that we also present here. In conclusion, the implications and limitations of this model and the research that is being carried out to present its utility and probability as a model of the algorithmic cognitive system are part of the questions of communication and affect in the decisions provided by the automatic system.

Cédric Dalmasso, Jean-Claude Sardas

Simulation in social sciences entrenches itself in research traditions whose disciplinary type and researcher style color its purpose. For some, the technology to be applied, for others the techniques that encourage debate - the possibilities are multifaceted. In this paper, we present an original way of mobilizing simulation, in a situation of collaborative research in the field of management sciences. After discussing the difference between dialogical investigation and the organizational design and dynamic of organizations approach, we show how organisational simulation can be used to articulate a company’s strategic reasoning, a new organizational design and deployment, and the activity of actors in the field. In so doing, we explore the possibility of operating improved integration between strategic decisions taken by high-level managers, the choices made by middle management concerning the deployment strategy, and how the activity is performed and experienced by the workers (intellectual in this case) who are responsible for it. At a time when we are reflecting upon its invisibility (Gomez, 2013), we thus discuss possible ways of bringing work back into the strategic decision-making and organizational design process in large companies.

Johannes J. Knoetze

This article describes the discipline of missiology and mission over the last century since Edinburgh 1910 followed by two world wars to Edinburgh 2010, as a long walk to obedience – a walk in discerning God’s will. Even in biblical times, mission as spreading the gospel to those who do not yet believe in the Trinitarian God, was under scrutiny from within and outside the church (cf. Ac 10-11, 15 and Galatians). Throughout history until today it was never different. This article looks at the development of mission over the last 100 years from a Western (mainline missionary churches – MMCs) perspective. The development of missiology as a subject and theological discipline will be described along the lines of some of the mission conferences. Attention will be given to the following questions: What does it mean to b eobedient to the mission calling in a broken and traumatised world? Is there a credible way of redeeming mission and missiology from its own past?

NUR HIDAYAH

Abstract. Initiating the Education based on Entrepreneurship in Islamic College: a Study at Syariah and Islamic Economic Faculty IAIN "SMH" Banten 2014-2015. There has been a concern over a high unemployment rate among graduates of Islamic higher education and a low proportion of entrepreneurs in Indonesia. In fact, a high proportion of entrepreneurs is one of indicators of a country’s welfare. This has generated a question: to what extent do Islamic values cultivate entrepreneurial culture among its adherents? How to cultivate entrepreneurial culture in Islamic higher education? This paper will investigate this matter using a case study of Faculty of Islamic Law and Economics at Banten State Institute for Islamic Studies. The paper argues that the curriculum at the faculty of Islamic Law and Economics has not been oriented towards building entrepreneurial culture. The curriculum consists of subjects to enhance the students’ competence and skills to prepare them as bachelors of syari`ah economics for the professions such as manager, lecturer, researcher, syari`ah auditor, etc, instead of preparing them for entrepreneurs who are capable to build his or her own business from the scratch. To propose Islamic entrepreneurship study program at the FSEI of IAIN SMHB, it is important to havea strong political will not only from the internal IAIN but also higher authoritative body such as the Ministry of Religious Affairs to facilitate this from not only the accreditation process but also financial support. A further feasibility study needs to be undertaken to build its infrastructure such as qualified lecturers, appropriate curriculum structure, and recruitment student system. Since this field has a strong link with a ‘real sector’, there has been an urgent need to build cooperations with business sector to enable the students to undertake their apprentice and build their networks to facilitate their ability to develop their own business.   Abstrak. Menggagas Pendidikan Berwawasan Kewirausahaan Di Perguruan Tinggi Islam: Studi Kasus Fakultas Syari`Ah Dan Ekonomi Islam Iain “Smh” Banten 2014-2015. Penelitian ini berangkat dari keprihatinan terhadap tingginya tingkat pengangguran di kalangan para sarjana lulusan perguruan tinggi (Islam) dan masih rendahnya proporsi pengusaha di Indonesia. Padahal tingginya proporsi pengusaha dapat menjadi salah satu indikator kemakmuran sebuah negara. Oleh karena itu timbul pertanyaan sejauh mana nilai-nilai Islam mendorong budaya wirausaha di kalangan umatnya? Dan bagaimana budaya wirausaha ditumbuh-kembangkan di lembaga pendidikan tinggi Islam? Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif eskploratif dengan studi kasus pendidikan kewirausahaan di Fakultas Syari`ah dan Ekonomi Islam (FSEI) IAIN “SMH” Banten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum prodi-prodi yang ada di FSEI belum sepenuhnya berwawasan kewirausahaan. Mahasiswa umumnya banyak dibekali dengan kompetensi dan ketrampilan yang mempersiapkan mereka sebagai sarjana ekonomi syari`ah yang akan mengisi profesi-profesi yang membutuhkan kompetensi di bidang ini seperti manajer, dosen, peneliti, dewan pengawas syariah, dan sebagainya, ketimbang profesi wirausahawan yang berkompetensi untuk merintis usaha dari bawah. Untuk membangun prodi kewirausahaan Islam/bisnis syari`ah di FSEI IAIN SMHB dibutuhkan political will yang kuat dari tidak hanya pihak kampus tetapi juga lembaga otoritas seperti Diktis Kemenag untuk memfasilitasi berdirinya prodi ini baik dari segi perizinan maupun pendanaan. Studi kelayakan awal yang lebih komprehensif perlu dilakukan untuk memetakan kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana seperti kebutuhan formasi dosen yang qualified di bidangnya, struktur kurikulum yang dapat membekali mahasiswa dengan berbagai karakter dan ketrampilan sebagai (calon) pengusaha handal, dan sistem perekrutan untuk menjaring calon mahasiswa unggul. Mengingat profesi ini sangat berhubungan erat dengan sektor rill, perlu dibangun berbagai kerjasama dengan dunia usaha yang dapat digunakan oleh mahasiswa tidak hanya sebagai ‘laboratorium hidup’ dari ilmu yang digelutinya, tetapi juga sarana membangun networking yang dapat memfasilitasi mereka berjejaring sehingga lebih memudahkan ketika akan memulai usahanya kelak

Zenonas Norkus

Straipsnyje tiriama A. Meinongo aksiologija, nustatoma jos vieta bendrame aksiologijos diskurse. Aksiologinės teorijos (klasikinis spiritualizmas, klasikinis natūralizmas, aksiologinis absoliutizmas, aksiologinis reliatyvizmas) klasifikuojamos pagal tai, kaip jos traktuoja vertės ontologinę nepriklausomybę nuo būties ir nuo vertintojo bei epistemologinę vertės nepriklausomybę nuo vertintojo. A. Meinongo teorija priskiriama aksiologiniam reliatyvizmui pažymint, kad gyvenimo pabaigoje jis iš dalies perėjo į aksiologinio absoliutizmo pozicijas. Savo tyrimus A. Meinongas pradėjo įrodymu, kad ekonominės vertybės nėra vienintelės: egzistuoja vertingi dalykai, neturintys ekonominės vertės. Vėlyvuoju laikotarpiu A. Meinongas skyrė subjektyvios asmeninės vertės teoriją ir absoliučios vertės teoriją. Analizuojama asmeninės vertės (jos atmaina yra subjektyvi ekonominė vertė) teorija. A. Meinongas skyrė dvi asmeninės vertės sąvokas – plačiąją ir siaurąją. Plačiąja prasme asmeninę vertę turi kiekvienas dalykas, kuris yra arba gali būti asmens (vertintojo) pozityvaus arba negatyvaus jausmo objektu. Vertę griežtąja prasme turi timologinių jausmų objektai. Aptariami šių jausmų skiriamieji bruožai.

Alex Villas Boas

<p>This article proposes to examine some theories of non-religious spirituality in light of the growing phenomenon of those individuals who declared themselves as having "no religion" by Brazilian religious census conducted in 2010 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The intention here is to identify how the poetic question presents itself as the fundamental element of these proposals about spirituality for authors, since beauty is part of the spiritual quest, as in: Viktor Frankl and existential religiosity grounded in the search for meaning in life; Marià Corbí and his non-religious or secular spirituality; Robert Solomon and his spirituality for skeptics, and André Comte-Sponville and his atheistic spirituality, or spirituality without God. From there, we then present the perception of spirituality in the poetry of the thought of Jean Paul Sartre, primarily in his work “what is Literature?”</p>

Juan Diego Hernández Albarracín

El trabajo que presentamos a continuación tiene la intención de establecer una dinámica hermenéutica sobre el Fausto de Goethe, en donde podremos revisar el comportamiento que desde el fenómeno de la voluntad dentro de la potestad filosófica schopenhaueriana se desenvuelve para negar la felicidad como absoluto, recluyéndola por el contrario, en el terreno de la carencia y la eterna satisfacción de placeres fugaces, cuya extinción paulatina determina el sufrimiento positivo, piso absoluto de nuestra existencia. Generando esta juntura, planteamos una posibilidad fundamental para pensar el fenómeno filosófico de Schopenhauer y su desenvolvimiento temático dentro del terreno poético-literario que nos ofrece la obra en cuestión.

Bodil Marie Stavning Thomsen

This introductory article to the following &#x201C;cluster of articles&#x201D; proposes to apply the term &#x201C;signal&#x201D; as a theoretical and analytical category for a new approach to the bearings of electronic and new media in particular. As the term &#x201C;sign&#x201D; was formerly developed from linguistics, the term signal was developed from Norbert Wiener&#x0027;s writings on mathematics and cybernetics. The electronic signal is a technological fact dating back to the telegraph that in a substantial way set the agenda for contemporary (popular) culture (electronic music, youth, and performance culture) and further facilitated the digital code and the Internet. In this article, as well as in the following articles, the term signal is above all applied in its broader sense to explore possible signaletic modes and characteristics in contemporary art and new media culture. It is thus a key point that technological implications could never be causal to aesthetic variations and cultural modes. Departing from this, this article explores artistic and cultural manifestations from the 1960s and onward in the light of the signal in order to analytically grasp the changes or supplements to the sign that in a contemporary culture is bringing new forms of events and affects to the fore.

Thomas Resane

This article focuses, from a theological perspective, on both the ecological crisis and the politico-economic dealings in relation to water – especially with regard to the unsound ways in which governments deal with this resource. Texts are read from an anthropogenic perspective, as opposed to an anthropocentric one. Such a reading scenario calls for responses from theology with regard to the human position in creation. Humans are not a grand master plan of creation, but the completion and fulfilment of it, given an enormous sense of responsibility for the earth. The article argues that the human–earth relation should be understood from the point of responsibility based on solidarity, interdependency and stewardship. Theologians are challenged to embrace eco-ethics.

Mario Chávez Tortolero

This paper is a translation of the lecture given by Kojin Karatani at the Philosophy Department of UNAM. The author proposes a scientifically treatment of history, founded in the study of the repetitive structures, he especially shows the Modes of Exchange cycle, trying to complete Marx’s work, that concentrates on the Modes of Production cycle. The author holds the state is a subject along with capital, it has to be considered as autonomous, because it is an active agent in the capitalism repetitiveness. In addition, he makes a proposal to face the current stage, that has been located inside the repetitive structure, as well as the revolutionary movements of revolution against state and capital.

Şenol Korkut

Ağıtlar bazen vefat eden düşünürün felsefi', tarihi ve siyasi duruşunun üstünü örten anımsamalara dönüşebiliyor. Böyle bir tehlikenin önüne geçebilmek, belki de söz konusu kişinin siyaset ve düşünce tarihindeki yerine bakmak, onu meşgul eden problemleri ve sorduğu soruları yeniden tartışmaya açmakla mümkündür.

E. F. Mooney

P. Wiebe