Hasil untuk "Philosophy"

Fangliang Zou, Yi Fang, Yanshan Lin et al.

Abstract Background Patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) experience significant psychological distress due to infertility, with depression and anxiety being the most common manifestations. This study investigates the influence of family support and self-efficacy on the mental health of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The aim is to assess the direct and indirect effects of family function and self-efficacy on depression and anxiety in IVF-ET patients through pathway analyses, thereby providing novel insights for improving patients’ psychological well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2021, employing convenience sampling to recruit 291 participants from a tertiary care hospital’s reproductive medicine center. Data were collected using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Family APGAR index (APGAR), and a Demographic Characteristics Form. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was utilized for pathway analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect influences of family function and self-efficacy on anxiety and depression. Results The scores for the SAS and SDS were 46.15 ± 7.35 and 51.71 ± 8.65, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that family function, self-efficacy, and economic status significantly predicted anxiety and depression. Path analysis revealed that economic status directly (β=-0.447, -0.232) and indirectly (β=-0.066, -0.068) affected anxiety and depression, while family function both directly and indirectly affected depression (β=-0.323, -0.104), directly affected anxiety (β=-0.351), and self-efficacy directly influenced only depression (β=-0.509). Conclusion The findings underscore the pivotal role of a supportive family environment and self-efficacy in alleviating anxiety and depression among IVF-ET patients. The mediating role of family function between economic status and mental health highlights the importance of integrated support systems. Enhancing family function and self-efficacy as part of comprehensive care for individuals undergoing ART is crucial for promoting patient well-being.

Naomi Holbeach, Ian Freckelton AO QC, Ben W Mol

As the burden of misconduct in medical research is increasingly recognised, questions have been raised about how best to address this problem. Whilst there are existing mechanisms for the investigation and management of misconduct in medical literature, they are inadequate to deal with the magnitude of the problem. Journal editors and publishers play an essential role in protecting the veracity of the medical literature. Whilst ethical guidance for journal editors and publishers is important, it is not as readily enforceable as legal obligations might be. This article questions the legal obligations that might exist for journal editors and publishing companies with respect to ensuring the veracity of the published literature. Ultimately, there is no enforceable legal obligation in Australia, the United Kingdom, or the United States. In light of this, more robust mechanisms are needed to deliver greater confidence and transparency in the investigative process, the management of concerns or findings of misconduct and the need to cleanse the literature. We show that the law disincentivises journals and publishers from ensuring truth in their publications. There are harmful consequences for medical care and public confidence in the medical profession and health care system when the foundations of medical science are questionable.

Edip AKYOL

İnsan, yaratıcının özel bir statü verdiği varlıklar arasında mükemmel bir donanıma sahip olmasının yanı sıra, doğuştan veya sonradan gelişen engellilik durumu da insanlık tarihinde yaygın ve yadsınamaz bir gerçekliktir. İnsan, sadece mükemmel ve sağlıklı bir şekilde var olmanın ötesinde, yaşamın karmaşıklığını ve çeşitliliğini engellilikle mücadele eden bireylerin varlığıyla birlikte deneyimlemektedir. Bu durum, insan varlığının zenginlik ve çeşitliliği içinde, her bireyin benzersiz bir hikâyeye sahip olduğu evrensel bir gerçekliği yansıtmaktadır. Aslında dezavantajlı bireylere olan bakış, o toplumdaki insanların ahlaki seviyelerini ve insana verdikleri değeri de göstermektedir. Seri editörlüğünü Adem APAK’ın yaptığı “Tüm İnsanların Peygamberi” konulu bir projede, on başlık altında Hz. Peygamber’in çocuklar, gençler, yaşlılar, kadınlar, devlet görevlileri, varlıklılar, yoksullar, yakınlar, gayri müslimler ve engellilerle ilişkileri serisinin 10’uncu kitabı olarak “Hz. Peygamber (sav) ve Engelliler” adıyla alanın uzmanlarından Cuma KARAN tarafından telif edilen bu eser, toplumumuzun neredeyse yüzde onunu aşan “engelliler” ile ilgili farkındalık oluşturması açısından önemlidir. Eserin değerlendirilmesine yönelik olmak üzere; Engelli insanların horlandığı bir dönemde gerek bu durumu düzeltmeye yönelik inen âyetler ve gerekse Hz. Peygamber’in engelli sahâbîlere gösterdiği ilgi, empati ve anlayışla dolu iletişimi, engelli bireylerin toplum içinde etkin bir şekilde yer almalarını teşvik etmesinin önemi ve bu değerleri güncel yaşantımıza entegre etmek gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur.

Joy Gabriella Davidsen

Offentlige debatter om religiøse ritualer preges ofte av at ulike verdier, ideologier og livssyn kolliderer. Rituell omskjæring av gutter er et religiøst ritual som har vært gjenstand for mye offentlig debatt i Norge, spesielt de siste 10 årene. I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hva som kjennetegner den medisinske debatten om omskjæring i Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening mellom 2012 og 2016, og hvordan den preges av normkonflikt. Debatten oppstod i kjølvannet av Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets lovforslag om rituell omskjæring av gutter i 2011. Selv om lovforslaget hovedsakelig omhandlet hvem som kunne utføre inngrepet, omhandler debatten i tidsskriftet hvorvidt ritualet i det hele tatt bør tillates i Norge og i helsevesenet. I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg hvordan et religiøst ritual blir debattert i et medisinsk tidsskrift, hvorfor debatten fremstår så polarisert og uoversiktlig, og hvordan forholdet mellom «sekularitet» og «religion» fremstilles og diskuteres i en medisinsk kontekst. Mitt hovedfunn er at debatten mangler et felles normgrunnlag for å diskutere rituell omskjæring. Dette gjør at partene snakker forbi hverandre, og i siste instans angriper hverandres standpunkter og etos. Språket preges også av et utpreget skille mellom et «sekulært oss» og et «religiøst dem», noe som vanskeliggjør mulighetene for en saklig og fruktbar debatt.

Emroni Emroni, Abduh Amri, Raihanatul Jannah et al.

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of the quality of human resources to build religious moderation in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sullamut Taufiq, Banjarmasin and the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Nurul Islam, Banjarmasin. This research used a qualitative case study, where data were obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the study show that strengthening the quality of human resources to build religious moderation is carried out through strengthening national commitment through flag ceremonies and learning activities, accommodating to local culture shown in habituation activities and acculturation of madrasa activities, curricular learning, habituation activities, the commemoration of Islamic holidays. This research has implications for the importance of human resources in the success of religious moderation activities in schools so that the spirit of nationalism, patriotism and inclusivism is optimally awakened.

Barbara Zwaan

Als ’t danst, wat danst er dan? In welke zin kan, vanuit kernthema’s uit het eigen onderzoek gereflecteerd worden op de dans als metafoor voor lichamelijkheid in religie, of in religies? Schrijven over de dans lijkt een engagement te vragen van de hele mens – lichaam en geest. Dat laat niemand onbewogen.

Alexandre Augusto de Deus Pontual, Alexandre Augusto de Deus Pontual, Luís Fernando Tófoli et al.

Recent studies have recognized the importance of non-pharmacological factors such as setting to induce or promote mystical experiences or challenging experiences among ayahuasca users. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the setting in which ayahuasca is consumed and the intensity of mystical and challenging experiences considering three ayahuasca using traditions (União do Vegetal, Santo Daime and neo-shamanic groups). A cross-sectional analysis was performed on survey data collected online from 2,751 participants. The Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience (SQAE) was used to evaluate six dimensions of the setting characteristics. The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) were used to quantify the psychedelic experience. Ratings on every SQAE setting dimension were negatively correlated with ratings of the CEQ (r values between 0.21 and 0.36) for all ayahuasca using traditions. Regression analysis revealed that ratings on four SQAE dimensions (Social, Comfort, Infrastructure and Decoration) explained 41% of the variance in CEQ ratings. Associations between SQAE and MEQ ratings were relatively weak and confined to the dimensions Leadership and Comfort, explaining 14% of the variance in MEQ ratings. Ratings of Social context were higher among members of União do Vegetal compared to Santo Daime and neo-shamanic members. Ratings of Infrastructure, Comfort and Decoration were more consistently correlated with MEQ in the neoshamanic tradition compared to the other traditions. This study shows that the setting is an important moderator of a challenging experience under ayahuasca. Maximizing the quality of the setting in which ayahuasca is taken will reduce the chance of a challenging experience while contributing positively to a mystical experience. The present findings can be considered when designing rituals and the (social) environment of ayahuasca ceremonies, and indicate that the SQAE questionnaire can be employed to monitor the influence of ceremonial settings on the ayahuasca experience.

Géraldine Lepan

The article explores the different modalities of the notion of bond in Rousseau’s philosophy (social, civil, political) according to the main axes of his thinking. We begin with the criticism of the sociability of Enlightenment developed in the Discourse on the Origins and Basis of Inequality among Men in order to compare it with the political remedy that emerges in the Social Contract, as well as the analysis that is conducted in the Émile around “the abstract man” cultivating his capacity for attachment. Thus the genealogy of the links can emerge from the relationships of need. Alongside the condemnation of mutual dependence, mapping the notions of link, bond, relationship, node and spring offers full meaning to the positive definition of Man as a “relative being”.

Salvatore Marco Pappalardo

The present work aims to demonstrate that Virtual Reality (VR) can investigate several pathologies, in this case the treatment of all phenomena which interrupt the relationship between cognition and representation, such as defences in psycho-somatic phenomena.

Anqi Wang, Shengnan Zhu, Lihong Chen et al.

Global precedence has been found to decline or even shift to local precedence with increasing age. Little is known about the consequence of this age-related decline of global precedence on other aspects of older adults’ vision. The global and local processing has been preferentially associated with the low-spatial-frequency (LSF) and high-spatial-frequency (HSF) channels, respectively. Here, we used low- and high-pass filtered faces together with the Ebbinghaus illusion whose magnitude is an index of context sensitivity. The results demonstrated that, relative to HSF faces, prior exposure to LSF faces increased the illusion magnitude for younger participants, but it reduced the illusion magnitude for older participants. Significant age group difference was observed only with prior exposure to LSF faces but not to HSF faces. Moreover, similar patterns of results were observed when the filtered faces were rendered invisible with backward masking, and the magnitude of age-related decline was comparable to the visible condition. Our study reveals that LSF-related enhancement of context sensitivity declines with advancing age, and this age-related decline was independent of the awareness of the spatial frequency information. Our findings support the right hemi-aging model and suggest that the magnocellular projections from subcortical to cortical regions might also be vulnerable to age-related changes.

Fatih Çimen

Bedreddin ez-Zerkeşî (ö. 794/1392), Bahrî Memlüklerdöneminde Kahire’de dünyaya gelmiş, orada yetişmiş veİslâmî ilimlerin hemen her alanında altmıştan fazla esertelif etmiş çok yönlü bir âlimdir. Hayatı boyunca ilmeve araştırmaya olan düşkünlüğü ile tanınmış ve sade birhayat yaşamıştır. Zerkeşî, Kur’ân ve fıkıh ilminde olduğukadar, hadis ilminde de ortaya koyduğu önemli eserlerlekendinden söz ettirmeyi başarmıştır. Halk arasındahadis diye bilinen ancak aslı olmayan sözleri ilk defa bireserde toplaması, önemli fıkıh eserlerindeki hadisleredair telif ettiği tahric eserleri, Buhârî’nin Sahîh’i üzerineyazdığı şerhleri, İbnü’s-Salâh’ın Mukaddime’sine hadisilminin önde gelen isimleriyle birlikte nüket yazarakdönemin hadis tartışmalarına müdâhil olması ve bunungibi daha birçok husus, İbn Hacer’in de ifade ettiği gibionun hadis ilmiyle çokça meşgul olduğunu ve bu ilmeolan vukûfi yetini göstermektedir. Zerkeşî, kısa fakatilmî açıdan bereketli bir hayat sürerek fıkıh ve hadisbaşta olmak üzere İslâmî ilimlerin hemen her alanınaönemli katkılarda bulunmuş ilmî bir şahsiyettir. Buçalışmada onun hayatı ile birlikte hadisçiliği, hadis ilminedair telif ettiği eserler esas alınarak değerlendirilmeyeçalışılacaktır.

L. Šliosbergas

Autorius, remdamasis ilgamečiu Vilniaus internatinės mokyklos Nr. 2 auklėtinių stebėjimu, pagrindžia protiškai atsilikusių vaikų darbinio auklėjimo individualizavimą. Straipsnyje pateikiami 211 dirbančių mokyklos auklėtinių stebėjimų duomenys.

Mauro Scalercio

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it will try to clarify the importance of the Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) in shaping Edward Said’s categories. Second, it will shed light on the theoretical importance of such genealogy. From the philological point of view, it is important to show how profound Said’s knowledge of Vico’s work is. Therefore, this paper will follow references to Vico within the whole of Said’s work, from late the sixties ones to the posthumous Humanism and Democratic Criticism. As far as theory is concerned, understanding Said’s use of Vico’s concepts explains why Said refers to his own work with the controversial term “humanism.” Vico, critiquing modernity from the onset, is the basis on which Said built a new critical humanism. In particular, Said uses the very essential elements of the philosophy of Vico: the importance of body as the source of humanity, the critique of modern abstractions, the idea that man knows what he makes, and the idea of the historicity of every human invention and construction.   Keywords: Edward Said; Vico; Humanism; Modernity; Historicity; Facticity.

Kishen Mahesh

Ownership with regard to human biological material (HBM) is addressed to some extent within South African law, specifically in chapter eight of the National Health Act (NHA) and its associated regulations. However, members of the legal fraternity struggle to conceptualise ownership of such materials without objectifying a person or people and risking reducing such individuals to a state of property. This then infers a reduction in human dignity by rendering one-self or parts of that same self as a commodity. The complexity of the issue raises much debate both legally as well as ethically.Â

Mariana Arismendi, Angel Tabullo, Sergio Vernis et al.

En este trabajo se utilizó una gramática artificial, consistente en una serie de reglas que especifican posibles órdenes de secuencias de letras, para evaluar la capacidad de transferencia de los sujetos, esto es la extracción de estas reglas y su aplicación a patrones de letras novedosas. Para ello 57 sujetos se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos formas de entrenamiento: una estándar donde debían memorizar y transcribir las secuencias correctas (gramaticales), y otra donde debían discriminar por ensayo y error entre secuencias correctas e incorrectas (no gramaticales) mediante un procedimiento de realimentación. Con esta forma de entrenamiento se obtuvieron desempeños significativamente mejores que con el procedimiento estándar. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de la aplicación de las gramáticas artificiales como paradigma experimental para el estudio de los procesos subyacentes a la adquisición del lenguaje.<br>In this work an artificial grammar has been used, which consists in a set of rules that specifies possible orders of strings of letters, to evaluate subjects ability to transfer the extracted rules and implement these to patterns of novel letters. 57 subjects were randomly assigned to two learning procedures: a standard one in which they had to memorize and transcribe the correct (grammatical) sequences, and one in which they had to discriminate between correct and incorrect (ungrammatical) sequences by use of a feedback procedure. Subjects trained with the feedback procedure had a significantly better performance than subjects trained with the standard one. These results are discussed in the context of the implementation of artificial grammar as an experimental paradigm for studying processes underlying language acquisition.

Monira E. Alabdulaziz

This study intended to know the ethics of education profession as it provides in some of the literature and studying the extent ofboth intennediate and secondary female teachers’ abidancc in public education schools in Riyadh city by education profession ethics fromschool principals & female teachers perspective and to lmaw any statistical differences - if any - between school principals and femaleteachers‘ perspectives towards the extent of female teachers abidancc by the ethics of education profession attributed to some variables.Survey descriptive methodOIOgy was used to conduct the study. Study sample consisted of 263 female principals and teachers selectedrandomly. The researcher has designed a questionnaire to collect data solidity and constancy of which 'oerc verified and constancycoefficient was reached , 0.97, . The study has shown that there. are statistical differences between principals and teachers‘ perspectives aboutthe extent of female teachers‘ abidance by profession ethics in relation to the four fields collectively. Also.the study

Rottschaefer, William A. The Biology and Psychology of Moral Agency Mccutcheon, Russell T. Manufacturing Religion: The Discourse on Sui Generis Religion and the Politics of Nostalgia Drengson, Alan The Practice of Technology: Exploring Technology,Ecophilosophy, and Spiritual Disciplines for Vital Links Burrell, David B. and Mcginn, Bernard (eds.) God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium

Henryk Paprocki

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José María Artola

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