Maxwell T. Hansen, Fernando Romero-López, Stephen R. Sharpe
Abstract We extend the relativistic field theoretic finite-volume formalism to Nππ scattering states at maximal isospin, I = 5/2. As in previous work using the relativistic field theory approach, we work to all orders in a generic low-energy effective theory, and determine the quantization condition that relates finite-volume energies to intermediate K matrices, and the integral equations connecting the latter to the physical scattering amplitudes. We discuss the parametrization of the K matrices, and explain in detail the new features that arise in implementing the quantization condition due to the spin of the nucleon in combination with the use of non-degenerate particles. As a concrete example, we provide a sample numerical application including the ∆ resonance in the Nπ subchannel. The extension to the I = 3/2 and 1/2 channels is more involved, due to mixing with Nπ states, and we do not provide a complete formalism for these cases. We explain why Nπ states cannot be included by treating the nucleon as a pole in p-wave Nπ scattering, an approach that has been successful in studying DD * scattering using the three-particle DDπ formalism. We additionally provide results for all isospins under the assumption of no two-to-three mixing, thereby laying the groundwork for a follow-up paper in which all Nππ → Nπ systems are fully treated. Finally, we study the singularities in Nππ amplitudes arising from Nπππ intermediate states, and find that our subthreshold cutoff functions must be modified to avoid such singularities.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Eloy Ayón-Beato, Mokhtar Hassaine, Pedro A. Sánchez
Abstract The gravitational Cheshire effect refers to the possibility of turning off the gravitational field while still leaving an imprint of the nonminimal coupling of matter to gravity. This allows nontrivial solutions in flat spacetime for which no backreaction is possible. The effect was originally shown to manifest itself for standard nonminimal couplings, such as those allowing conventional conformally invariant scalar fields. Recently, the most general scalar field action yielding a conformally invariant second-order equation was constructed, and entails a more involved nonminimal coupling explicitly breaking the conformal invariance of the action without spoiling it in the equation. We have succeeded in fully describing the spherically symmetric stealth solutions on flat spacetime supporting the Cheshire effect within this general non-Noetherian conformal theory. The allowed configurations are divided into two branches: The first one essentially corresponds to an extension of the solutions already known for the standard Noetherian conformal theory. The second branch is only possible due to the non-Noetherian conformal contribution of the action. The complete characterization of this branch is expressed by a nonlinear first-order partial differential equation. We have found the general solution of this equation using both seemingly new and well-established mathematical tools.
Astrophysics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Xiu-Lei Ren, K. P. Khemchandani, A. Martínez Torres
Abstract In view of the recent discovery of $$T_{cc}$$ T cc , which can be described as a $$DD^*$$ D D ∗ molecular state, we perform a study of the $$KDD^*$$ K D D ∗ system, and its extension to studying $$KD^*D^*$$ K D ∗ D ∗ , where $$D^*D^*$$ D ∗ D ∗ is bound as a spin 1 $$T_{cc}$$ T cc -like state, to search for the possible existence of exotic mesons with the open flavors ccs being part of their quark configuration. Considering the additional attractive interactions present in the KD and $$KD^*$$ K D ∗ subsystems, where the states $$D^*_{s0}(2317)$$ D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) and $$D_{s1}(2460)$$ D s 1 ( 2460 ) are generated, we solve the Faddeev equations considering the fixed-center approximation for the mentioned three-body systems and find the existence of two doubly charmed $$K^*$$ K ∗ -like mesons, $$K_{cc}^*(4309)$$ K cc ∗ ( 4309 ) and $$K_{cc}^*(4449)$$ K cc ∗ ( 4449 ) , with quantum numbers $$I(J^P)=1/2\,(1^-)$$ I ( J P ) = 1 / 2 ( 1 - ) . Considering the respective three-body thresholds of the two systems, both $$K_{cc}$$ K cc -states are bound by around 60 MeV. An experimental confirmation will bring evidence for the existence of a degree of exoticity beyond charm +2.
Astrophysics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
This paper investigates the role of ionization on the pedestal structure using both measurements and modeling for H-mode plasmas on DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod to enhance our ability to predict pedestal behavior in future pilot plants. The impact of the neutral penetration depth on the pedestal density is investigated using dimensionally matching hydrogen and deuterium DIII-D H-mode discharges at low and high electron density. The DIII-D Lyman- α diagnostic measurements show that hydrogen neutrals penetrate deeper inside the plasma on both the high field and low field side, while the pedestal electron density structure is similar for both isotopes. However, as the opaqueness increases we observe that the pedestal density gradient becomes stiff, similar to prior observations on DIII-D and C-Mod (Mordijck 2020 Nuclear Fusion 60 082006). In addition, these results also confirm prior measured and modeled poloidal asymmetries in neutral densities, indicating that to make transport predictions, 2D neutral modeling is necessary. The first direct validation of SOLPS-ITER for the measured brightness, emissivity and neutral densities for three different confinement regimes on C-Mod is introduced. The SOLPS-ITER model shows good agreement, within the constrains of the model for all regimes. In addition, a comparison of SOLPS-ITER modeling for DIII-D and C-Mod shows that as opaqueness increases, the role of divertor fueling and thus poloidal asymmetries in the neutral density profiles decreases. Based on these experimental and modeling results we estimate the size of a potential particle pinch using typical values for the diffusion coefficient for both DIII-D and C-Mod H-mode discharges.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract The distance conjecture claims that as the modulus traverses along the trans-Planckian geodesic distance, the effective field theory becomes invalid by a descent of a tower of states from UV. Moreover, according to the recent (strong version of) emergence proposal, the kinetic term of the modulus is entirely generated by the wavefunction renormalization in which a tower of states are integrated out. Assuming these two conjectures, we explore the role of a tower of states coupled to the modulus in (in)stability of the de Sitter (dS) vacuum by studying the one-loop effective potential generated by a tower of states. We find that a fermionic tower of states makes the effective potential more or less consistent with the dS swampland conjecture: either the slope or the curvature of the potential is sizeable. In contrast, the effective potential generated by a bosonic tower of states seems to allow the stable dS vacuum. Therefore, in order to argue the instability of the dS vacuum, the additional ingredient like supersymmetry breaking needs to be taken into account.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
In this work, the MARS-F/K codes (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 3681; Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503) are utilized to model the passive and active control of the n = 1 ( n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) in a spherical tokamak (aspect ratio A = 1.66). It is found that passive stabilization of the RWM gives a relatively small increase in normalized beta above the no-wall limit, relying on toroidal plasma flow and drift kinetic resonance damping from both thermal and energetic particles. Results of active control show that with the flux-to-voltage control scheme, which is the basic choice, a proportional controller alone does not yield complete stabilization of the mode. Adding a modest derivative action, and assuming an ideal situation without any noise in the closed-loop, the RWM can be fully stabilized with the axial plasma flow at 5% of the Alfvén speed. In the presence of sensor signal noise, success rates exceeding 90% are achieved, and generally increase with the proportional feedback gain. On the other hand, the required control coil voltage also increases with feedback gain and with the sensor signal noise.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract In this paper we consider an Euler fluid coupled to external electromagnetism. We prove that the Hopfion fluid-electromagnetic knot, carrying fluid and electromagnetic (EM) helicities, solves the fluid dynamical equations as well as the Abanov Wiegmann (AW) equations for helicities, which are inspired by the axial-current anomaly of a Dirac fermion. We also find a nontrivial knot solution with truly interacting fluid and electromagnetic fields. The key ingredients of these phenomena are the EM and fluid helicities. An EM dual system, with a magnetically charged fluid, is proposed and the analogs of the AW equations are written down. We consider a fluid coupled to a nonlinear generalizations for electromagnetism. The Hopfions are shown to be solutions of the generalized equations. We write down the formalism of fluids in 2+1 dimensions, and we dimensionally reduce the 3+1 dimensional solutions. We determine the EM knotted solutions, from which we derive the fluid knots, by applying special conformal transformations with imaginary parameters on un-knotted null constant EM fields.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Ertuğrul Ekiz, Oguzhan Kasikci, Mehmet Ozkan
et al.
Abstract We present a method of contraction that can be applied to re-construct the recent extended non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic algebras as well as corresponding action principles. The methodology involves the use of multiple copies of Poincaré algebra. Consequently, the contraction defines non-relativistic or ultra-relativistic limits of multimetric theories of gravity. In particular, we show that the non-relativistic scaling limit of bi-metric gravity corresponds to the recent formulation of an action principle for Newtonian gravity with a constant background mass density.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Y. Wada, 2 T. Matsumoto, T. Enoto, K. Nakazawa, T. Yuasa, Y. Furuta, D. Yonetoku, T. Sawano, G. Okada, H. Nanto, S. Hisadomi, Y. Tsuji, G. S. Diniz, K. Makishima, 11, 12 and H. Tsuchiya Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Extreme Natural Phenomena RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan Block 4B, Boon Tiong Road, Singapore 165004, Singapore CLEAR-PULSE Co., LTD., 6-25-27 Chuo, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-0024, Japan School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-cho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan Advanced Research Center for Space Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-cho, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan Co-creative Research Center of Industrial Science and Technology (CIST), Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8683, Japan Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirane Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
Abstract The Fortran subroutine package radial for the numerical solution of the Schrodinger and Dirac wave equations of electrons in central potentials V ( r ) is described. The considered potentials are such that the function V ( r ) ≡ r V ( r ) is finite for all r and tends to constant values when r → 0 and r → ∞ . This includes finite-range potentials as well as combinations of Coulomb and finite-range potentials. The function V ( r ) used in the numerical calculation is the natural cubic spline that interpolates a table of values provided by the user. The radial wave equations are solved by using piecewise exact power series expansions of the radial functions, which are summed up to the prescribed accuracy so that truncation errors can be completely avoided. The radial subroutines compute radial wave functions, eigenvalues for bound states and phase shifts for free states. Specific subroutines are also provided for computing the radial functions and phase shifts for free states of complex optical potentials having a finite-range absorptive imaginary part. The solution subroutines are accompanied by example main programs, as well as with specific programs that perform calculations relevant in atomic, nuclear, and radiation physics (the self-consistent solution of the Dirac–Hartee–Fock–Slater equations for neutral atoms and positive ions, and the calculation of cross sections for elastic scattering of high-energy electrons and positrons by atoms and of nucleons by nuclei). The distribution package includes a detailed manual with a description of the basic physics and the mathematical formulas implemented in the subroutines. Program summary Program Title: radial Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/h6nbws5h6s.1 Licensing provisions: CC by NC 3.0 Programming language: Fortran 90/95 Supplementary material: Manual in pdf format. Includes a description of the basic physics, and the complete set of formulas implemented in the program. Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 90 (1995) 151–168. Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Reasons for the new version: The present subroutine package contains a revision and extension of the radial subroutines [1], which have been recoded. The new subroutines implement a more accurate normalisation of bound states; the phase convention of Dirac’s central-field orbitals has been replaced with that of Rose [2]. Subroutines for computing free states of complex optical-model potentials with an absorptive imaginary part have been added to the package. Subroutines giving the coefficients of asymptotic power-series expansions of radial functions for bound and free orbitals are also included. Finally, the present package contains complementary programs that use the radial subroutines for solving generic problems of interest in atomic and nuclear physics, namely, the self-consistent solution of the Dirac–Hartree–Fock–Slater equations for free neutral atoms and positive ions, and the calculation of differential cross sections for elastic collisions of electrons and positrons with atoms, and the scattering of nucleons by nuclei. The package also includes a manual in pdf format with a summary of the underlying physics and a detailed description of the formulas and numerical algorithms implemented in the programs, as well as derivations of the most relevant components. Summary of revisions: The original subroutines have been recoded and extended to include 1) a more accurate normalisation of bound states, 2) the calculation of free states of complex optical-model potentials, 3) asymptotic power-series expansions of radial functions, and 4) three practical applications. Nature of problem: The radial subroutines solve the radial Schrodinger and Dirac wave equations for a particle in a central potential V ( r ) . They deliver the radial function(s), the energy eigenvalue for bound orbitals, and the phase shift for free orbitals. Solution method: The potential function V ( r ) ≡ r V ( r ) is defined by a table of values for a grid of radii that is dense enough to allow accurate natural cubic spline interpolation. The radial function is calculated for the potential defined by the interpolating cubic spline by means of exact power-series expansions, which are summed up to the desired accuracy. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The subroutines are not capable of computing either bound or free states with energies very close to zero. Since the power-series expansions of the radial functions define exact piecewise solutions of the radial wave equations, they can be summed up to the accuracy required by the user. Truncation errors are controlled by the tolerance parameter ϵ , which determines the accuracy of the series summations. With double-precision arithmetic and ϵ ∼ 1 0 − 15 the results are affected by only round-off errors. The subroutines deliver the values of the radial functions on a grid of radii defined by the user, which may be different from the grid used to specify the potential. [1] Salvat, F., J.M. Fernandez-Varea, and W. Williamson, Jr. (1995), “Accurate numerical solution of the radial Schrodinger and Dirac wave equations.” Comput. Phys. Commun. 90, 151–168. [2] Rose, M.E. (1961), Relativistic Electron Theory (John Wiley and Sons, New York).
Abstract We construct a family of non-supersymmetric extremal black holes and their horizonless microstate geometries in four dimensions. The black holes can have finite angular momentum and an arbitrary charge-to-mass ratio, unlike their supersymmetric cousins. These features make them and their microstate geometries astrophysically relevant. Thus, they provide interesting prototypes to study deviations from Kerr solutions caused by new horizon-scale physics. In this paper, we compute the gravitational multipole structure of these solutions and compare them to Kerr black holes. The multipoles of the black hole differ significantly from Kerr as they depend non-trivially on the charge-to-mass ratio. The horizonless microstate geometries (that are comparable in size to a black hole) have a similar multipole structure as their corresponding black hole, with deviations to the black hole multipole values set by the scale of their microstructure.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
A variety of dosage forms have been developed in order to achieve effective and safe drug delivery in topical or systemic drug administrations. In this review, formulation research and process issues related to a popular oral dosage form, the tablet, are introduced. Research on oral dosage forms, including orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) and films (ODFs), which have recently been developed with an aim toward more patient-centric drug therapy, is also introduced. Another trend in recent drug therapy is an increase in the number of large bioactive molecules among the newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). To design dosage forms for these APIs, novel dosage form design and administration routes are required. For this purpose, we have tried to effectively use the polymer-coated liposomes in oral, pulmonary and ophthalmic administration. For example, suitable polymers were introduced for the design of specific administration routes, such as mucoadhesive liposomes for oral administration. The key point in these researches is the particle design for the component particles of final dosage forms, both in the case of coarse powder particle design for formulating solid dosage forms and in the case of colloidal particle design, such as the design of liposomes for peptide drug delivery.
Technology (General), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract We use holography to investigate the dynamics of a vortex-anti-vortex dipole in a strongly coupled superfluid in 2+1 dimensions. The system is evaluated in numerical real-time simulations in order to study the evolution of the vortices as they approach and eventually annihilate each other. A tracking algorithm with sub-plaquette resolution is introduced which permits a high-precision determination of the vortex trajectories. With the increased precision of the trajectories it becomes possible to directly compute the vortex velocities and accelerations. We find that in the holographic superfluid the vortices follow universal trajectories independent of their initial separation, indicating that a vortex-anti-vortex pair is fully characterized by its separation. Subtle non-universal effects in the vortex motion at early times of the evolution can be fully attributed to artifacts due to the numerical initialization of the vortices. We also study the dependence of the dynamics on the temperature of the superfluid.
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity