Hasil untuk "Modern"

Guy Debord

For the first time, Guy Debord's pivotal work Society of the Spectacle appears in a definitive and authoritative English translation. Originally published in France in 1967, Society of the Spectacle offered a set of radically new propositions about the nature of contemporary capitalism and modern culture. At the same time it was one of the most influential theoretical works for a wide range of political and revolutionary practice in the 1960s. Today, Debord's work continues to be in the forefront of debates about the fate of consumer society and the operation of modern social power. In a sweeping revision of Marxist categories, the notion of the spectacle takes the problem of the commodity from the sphere of economics to a point at which the commodity as an image dominates not only economic exchange but the primary communicative and symbolic activity of all modern societies.Guy Debord was one of the most important participants in the activities associated with the Situationist International in the 1960s. Also an artist and filmmaker, he is the author of Memoires and Commentaires sur la societe du spectacle. A Swerve Edition, distributed for Zone Books.

A. Einstein

Kay Prüfer, F. Racimo, N. Patterson et al.

We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neanderthal woman from Siberia. We show that her parents were related at the level of half-siblings and that mating among close relatives was common among her recent ancestors. We also sequenced the genome of a Neanderthal from the Caucasus to low coverage. An analysis of the relationships and population history of available archaic genomes and 25 present-day human genomes shows that several gene flow events occurred among Neanderthals, Denisovans and early modern humans, possibly including gene flow into Denisovans from an unknown archaic group. Thus, interbreeding, albeit of low magnitude, occurred among many hominin groups in the Late Pleistocene. In addition, the high-quality Neanderthal genome allows us to establish a definitive list of substitutions that became fixed in modern humans after their separation from the ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans.

G. Hage

M. Meyer, Martin Kircher, Marie-Theres Gansauge et al.

J. Perdew, A. Ruzsinszky, G. Csonka et al.

Popular modern generalized gradient approximations are biased toward the description of free-atom energies. Restoration of the first-principles gradient expansion for exchange over a wide range of density gradients eliminates this bias. We introduce a revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation that improves equilibrium properties of densely packed solids and their surfaces.

J. Ziegler, J. Biersack, U. Littmark

D. Robinson

S. Sweet

M. Spivak

P. Morse, H. Feshbach

A. Eagly, S. Chaiken

M. Lines, A. Glass, G. Burns

John E. Linhoss, Jordan D. Gruber, Janet C. Remus et al.

Summary: Elevated ammonia (NH₃) emissions from litter are a concern in modern broiler production and can negatively influence performance and welfare. While commercially available litter amendments are commonly used to mitigate ammonia emissions, their effectiveness is often short-lived, prompting interest in more sustainable alternatives such as biochar. The objective of this project was to investigate the effects of different biochar application treatments (surface-applied vs mixed) on NH₃ volatilizations from used broiler litter. Biochar was surface-applied to litter at rates of 0.48, 0.97, 1.46, and 1.95 kg/m2 and mixed in at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 % v/v. Poultry Litter Treatment® (PLT) was surface-applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m2 and a control of non-amended litter was also included. Treatments were replicated three times using a total of thirty 13.2 L plastic vessels. A constant air flow of 1.5 LPM was supplied to each vessel and either exhausted to the atmosphere or a photoacoustic NH₃ gas analyzer. NH3 was measured in each vessel nine times daily during a 12 d study. Mixing biochar into the litter provided enhanced contact with litter profile and led to significantly lower overall NH₃ concentrations than the surface-applied treatment (126 ppm vs 146.6 ppm, respectively). The 22.5 and 30 % v/v mixed applications resulted in the lowest NH3 concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) for the biochar treatments. However, NH₃ concentrations from all the biochar application treatments were significantly higher than PLT (65.0 ppm). This study shows that mixing biochar into broiler litter can reduce NH₃ volatilization. However, it does not seem to be competitive with PLT in terms of NH₃ reductions alone.

Petro Opanashchuk

The article examines the formation of a comprehensive humanitarian space in modern conditions. It is determined that it is gaining strategic importance, as it encompasses the integration of policies in the spheres of culture, education, preservation of cultural heritage, formation of national identity, as well as the regulation of interethnic and interfaith relations. The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to humanitarian policy, presented in the works of Pierre Bourdieu, Stuart Hall, Arjun Appadurai and John Tomlinson. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of cultural practices as a mechanism of social mobilization and a means of ensuring social integration. The international experience of forming a humanitarian space is studied using the example of Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the USA, Canada, Japan and South Korea. Key trends and challenges in the development of humanitarian policy in the context of globalization are identified, in particular the impact of digitalization, which opens up new opportunities for intercultural communication, interactive knowledge exchange and the formation of a common information space. Special attention is paid to the Ukrainian context of the formation of the humanitarian space. The processes of adaptation of European and world experience are analyzed, in particular in the field of state regulation of cultural policy and mechanisms for preserving national identity. Key challenges are identified: uneven distribution of funding for cultural initiatives, language barriers, digital inequality, problems of intercultural interaction and information security. The results of the study can be used to develop public administration strategies aimed at preserving cultural heritage, developing educational institutions, strengthening national identity, and ensuring information security in the context of digital transformation and global challenges.

Devashish R. Purandare, Peter Alvaro, Avani Wildani et al.

The increasing demand for SSDs coupled with scaling difficulties has left manufacturers scrambling for newer SSD interfaces which promise better performance and durability. While these interfaces reduce the rigidity of traditional abstractions, they require application or system-level changes that can impact the stability, security, and portability of systems. To make matters worse, such changes are rendered futile with the introduction of next-generation interfaces. It is therefore no surprise that such interfaces have seen limited adoption, leaving behind a graveyard of experimental interfaces ranging from open-channel SSDs to stream SSDs. Our solution, Valet, leverages userspace shim layers to add placement hints for application data, delivering up to 2-4x write throughput over filesystems and comparable or better performance than application-specific solutions, with up to 6x lower tail latency. Valet generates dynamic placement hints, remapping application data to modern SSDs with zero modifications to the application, the filesystem, or the kernel. We demonstrate performance, efficiency, and multi-tenancy benefits of Valet across a set of widely-used applications: RocksDB, MongoDB, and CacheLib, presenting a solution that combines the performance of application-specific solutions with wide applicability to log-structured data-intensive applications.

Martha-Elizabeth Baylor, Luis A. Miranda Almanzar, Adward Frazier et al.

Experience with experimental and computational work are important components of students' understanding of the practice of physics. Physics departments typically use specific experimental lab courses and computational lab courses to develop students' skills in these areas. However these siloed experiences do not accurately represent the nuanced interplay between the theory, computation, and experiment that occurs outside of the curricular setting when physicists are building and testing models of the physical world. To expose students to this interplay, we have integrated computational and experimental work as equal partners within two radioactivity labs that occur within our modern physics lab course - the decay of $^{137}{\rm Ba}$ and the simultaneous decay of two silver isotopes in pre-1965 quarters. We present both of these labs and potential extensions that allow students to iterate on their theoretical, computational and/or experimental models based on what they learn from their initial investigation.

Meir Feder, Ruediger Urbanke, Yaniv Fogel

We introduce an information-theoretic framework that views learning as universal prediction under log loss, characterized through regret bounds. Central to the framework is an effective notion of architecture-based model complexity, defined by the probability mass or volume of models in the vicinity of the data-generating process, or its projection on the model class. This volume is related to spectral properties of the expected Hessian or the Fisher Information Matrix, leading to tractable approximations. We argue that successful architectures possess a broad complexity range, enabling learning in highly over-parameterized model classes. The framework sheds light on the role of inductive biases, the effectiveness of stochastic gradient descent, and phenomena such as flat minima. It unifies online, batch, supervised, and generative settings, and applies across the stochastic-realizable and agnostic regimes. Moreover, it provides insights into the success of modern machine-learning architectures, such as deep neural networks and transformers, suggesting that their broad complexity range naturally arises from their layered structure. These insights open the door to the design of alternative architectures with potentially comparable or even superior performance.

Manuel Barusco, Francesco Borsatti, Youssef Ben Khalifa et al.

Semiconductor manufacturing is a complex, multistage process. Automated visual inspection of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images is indispensable for minimizing equipment downtime and containing costs. Most previous research considers supervised approaches, assuming a sufficient number of anomalously labeled samples. On the contrary, Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD), an emerging research domain, focuses on unsupervised learning, avoiding the costly defect collection phase while providing explanations of the predictions. We introduce a benchmark for VAD in the semiconductor domain by leveraging the MIIC dataset. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of modern VAD approaches in this field.

Chiara Rucco, Motaz Saad, Antonella Longo

Traditional ETL and ELT design patterns struggle to meet modern requirements of scalability, governance, and real-time data processing. Hybrid approaches such as ETLT (Extract-Transform-Load-Transform) and ELTL (Extract-Load-Transform-Load) are already used in practice, but the literature lacks best practices and formal recognition of these approaches as design patterns. This paper formalizes ETLT and ELTL as reusable design patterns by codifying implicit best practices and introduces enhanced variants, ETLT++ and ELTL++, to address persistent gaps in governance, quality assurance, and observability. We define ETLT and ELTL patterns systematically within a design pattern framework, outlining their structure, trade-offs, and use cases. Building on this foundation, we extend them into ETLT++ and ELTL++ by embedding explicit contracts, versioning, semantic curation, and continuous monitoring as mandatory design obligations. The proposed framework offers practitioners a structured roadmap to build auditable, scalable, and cost-efficient pipelines, unifying quality enforcement, lineage, and usability across multi-cloud and real-time contexts. By formalizing ETLT and ELTL, and enhancing them through ETLT++ and ELTL++, this work bridges the gap between ad hoc practice and systematic design, providing a reusable foundation for modern, trustworthy data engineering.