Hasil untuk "Military Science"

В.В. Ларін, М.Ю. Гусак, Т.К. Короткий et al.

У статті проводяться дослідження множин двохоперандних трьохрозрядних операцій криптоперетворення за рахунок поєднання однооперандних Cryptographic encoding theory (СЕТ)-операцій. Будуються двохоперандні трьохрозрядні операції криптографічного перетворення інформації шляхом поєднання однооперандних СЕТ-операцій обробки першого операнда та обробки другого операнда. Проводиться перевірка коректності результатів знайденого оберненого перетворення. Відповідність прямих та обернених операцій перевіряється на основі взаємозв’язків між ними. Представлена структурна схема пристрою реалізації оберненої двохоперандної CET-операції, з якої видно, що кожна пряма однооперандна CET-операція, замінена на відповідну їй обернену однооперандну CET-операцію. Така заміна не приводить до зміни взаємозв’язків між виходами елемента збереження другого операнда та входами елементів реалізації обернених однооперандних операцій. Наводиться, що за умови, якщо інформація, яка управляла процесом кодування співпаде з інформацією, яка управляє процесом розкодування, тоді буде коректно активізовано елемент реалізації оберненої однооперандної операції і значення першого операнда буде розкодоване. Розкодована інформація з виходу активізованого елементу реалізації обернених однооперандних операцій поступить на вихід пристрою. Досліджуються прямі і обернені однооперандних операцій. Показано, що в залежності від наборів прямих і обернених однооперандних операцій реалізація пристроїв може суттєво відрізнятися. Дане зауваження базується на можливості спрощення дискретних моделей деяких двохоперандних CET-операцій. Сфера використання отриманих результатів: мобільні і стаціонарні системи малоресурсного криптографічного захисту конфіденційної інформації.

Ana Trišović, Alex Fogelson, Janakan Sivaloganathan et al.

We present the first large-scale analysis of AI foundation model usage in science - not just citations or keywords. We find that adoption has grown rapidly, at nearly-exponential rates, with the highest uptake in Linguistics, Computer Science, and Engineering. Vision models are the most used foundation models in science, although language models' share is growing. Open-weight models dominate. As AI builders increase the parameter counts of their models, scientists have followed suit but at a much slower rate: in 2013, the median foundation model built was 7.7x larger than the median one adopted in science, by 2024 this had jumped to 26x. We also present suggestive evidence that scientists' use of these smaller models may be limiting them from getting the full benefits of AI-enabled science, as papers that use larger models appear in higher-impact journals and accrue more citations.

Bolun Zhang, Linzhuo Li, Yunqi Chen et al.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being integrated into computational social science research, yet their blackboxed training and designed stochastic elements in inference pose unique challenges for scientific inquiry. This article argues that applying LLMs to social scientific tasks requires explicit assessment of uncertainty-an expectation long established in both quantitative methodology in the social sciences and machine learning. We introduce a unified framework for evaluating LLM uncertainty along two dimensions: the task type (T), which distinguishes between classification, short-form, and long-form generation, and the validation type (V), which captures the availability of reference data or evaluative criteria. Drawing from both computer science and social science literature, we map existing uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods to this T-V typology and offer practical recommendations for researchers. Our framework provides both a methodological safeguard and a practical guide for integrating LLMs into rigorous social science research.

Priscilla Muheki, Mirjana Pović, Somaya Saad et al.

In preparation for the International Astronomical Union (IAU) General Assembly (GA) 2024, the first GA held in Africa, the African Network of Women in Astronomy (AfNWA) embarked on a visionary project: the creation of an inspiring storytelling book that showcases the remarkable journeys of professional female astronomers in Africa. This book is not merely a collection of biographies; it is a tapestry of resilience, passion, and scientific excellence woven through the lives of women who have ventured into the cosmos from the African continent. The primary aim of this book is twofold. Firstly, it seeks to bring greater visibility to women astronomers in Africa, highlighting their groundbreaking research and the personal stories that have shaped their careers. By shining a light on their achievements and awards, we hope to acknowledge their contributions to the field of astronomy and underscore the importance of diversity in science. Secondly, this book aspires to inspire and empower the next generation of scientists, particularly young women and girls across Africa. Through the personal narratives and professional achievements of these trailblazing astronomers and students in astronomy, we aim to spark curiosity, foster a love for science, and demonstrate that the sky is not the limit but just the beginning for those who dare to dream. As you delve into the stories within these pages, you will encounter a rich array of experiences and insights that reflect the unique challenges and triumphs women face in astronomy. From overcoming societal barriers to making groundbreaking discoveries, these women have carved paths that others can follow, proving that with determination and passion, the stars are within reach for everyone.

Mine Gokce Dogan, Abhiram Kadiyala, Jaimin Shah et al.

Ultra-reliable low-latency communication is essential in mission-critical settings, including military applications, where persistent and asymmetric link blockages caused by mobility, jamming, or adversarial attacks can disrupt delay-sensitive transmissions. This paper addresses this challenge by deploying a multilevel diversity coding (MDC) scheme that controls the received information, offers distinct reliability guarantees based on the priority of data streams, and maintains low design and operational complexity as the number of network paths increases. For two priority levels over three edge-disjoint paths, the complete capacity region is characterized, showing that superposition coding achieves the region in general, whereas network coding is required only in a specific corner case. Moreover, sufficient conditions under which a simple superposition coding scheme achieves the capacity for an arbitrary number of paths are identified. To prove these results and provide a unified analytical framework, the problem of designing high-performing MDC schemes is shown to be equivalent to the problem of designing high-performing encoding schemes over a class of broadcast networks, referred to as combination networks in the literature.

К. А. Тах’ян, В. Й. Климченко, В. О. Тютюнник

Здійснено аналіз особливостей радіолокаційного виявлення і супроводження крилатих ракет. Визначена необхідність і доцільність використання для створення суцільного інформаційного поля виявлення і супроводження крилатих ракет дешевих радіотехнічних сенсорів, які б сповіщали лише про факт прольоту цілей. Визначені потенційні дальності виявлення крилатих ракет засобами радіотехнічної розвідки по випромінюванню бортового радіовисотоміра та допплерівського вимірювача шляхової швидкості і кута зносу. Показано, що переваги необхідно надавати засобам радіотехнічної розвідки бортового випромінювання допплерівського вимірювача шляхової швидкості і кута зносу.

Lincan Li, Jiaqi Li, Catherine Chen et al.

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in political science tasks such as election prediction, sentiment analysis, policy impact assessment, and misinformation detection. Meanwhile, the need to systematically understand how LLMs can further revolutionize the field also becomes urgent. In this work, we--a multidisciplinary team of researchers spanning computer science and political science--present the first principled framework termed Political-LLM to advance the comprehensive understanding of integrating LLMs into computational political science. Specifically, we first introduce a fundamental taxonomy classifying the existing explorations into two perspectives: political science and computational methodologies. In particular, from the political science perspective, we highlight the role of LLMs in automating predictive and generative tasks, simulating behavior dynamics, and improving causal inference through tools like counterfactual generation; from a computational perspective, we introduce advancements in data preparation, fine-tuning, and evaluation methods for LLMs that are tailored to political contexts. We identify key challenges and future directions, emphasizing the development of domain-specific datasets, addressing issues of bias and fairness, incorporating human expertise, and redefining evaluation criteria to align with the unique requirements of computational political science. Political-LLM seeks to serve as a guidebook for researchers to foster an informed, ethical, and impactful use of Artificial Intelligence in political science. Our online resource is available at: http://political-llm.org/.

Bryan Kaiser, Tailin Wu, Maike Sonnewald et al.

Nobel laureate Philip Anderson and Elihu Abrahams once stated that, "even if machines did contribute to normal science, we see no mechanism by which they could create a Kuhnian revolution and thereby establish a new physical law." In this Perspective, we draw upon insights from the philosophies of science and artificial intelligence (AI) to propose necessary conditions of precisely such a mechanism for generating revolutionary mathematical theories. Recent advancements in AI suggest that satisfying the proposed necessary conditions by machines may be plausible; thus, our proposed necessary conditions also define a moonshot challenge. We also propose a heuristic definition of the intelligibility of mathematical theories to accelerate the development of machine theorists.

Gaurav Shinde, Tiana Kirstein, Souvick Ghosh et al.

The rapid expansion of records creates significant challenges in management, including retention and disposition, appraisal, and organization. Our study underscores the benefits of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) within the broad realm of archival science. In this work, we start by performing a thorough analysis to understand the current use of AI in this area and identify the techniques employed to address challenges. Subsequently, we document the results of our review according to specific criteria. Our findings highlight key AI driven strategies that promise to streamline record-keeping processes and enhance data retrieval efficiency. We also demonstrate our review process to ensure transparency regarding our methodology. Furthermore, this review not only outlines the current state of AI in archival science and records management but also lays the groundwork for integrating new techniques to transform archival practices. Our research emphasizes the necessity for enhanced collaboration between the disciplines of artificial intelligence and archival science.

ZHOU Mo, SUN Hai-wen, WANG Liang, YU Shao-zhen, MENG Xiang-yao, LI Dan

UAV swarm operations are developing rapidly towards intelligence and actual combat, which will pose a huge threat on the future battlefield. Therefore, research on anti-UAV swarm operations is imperative. This paper analyzes the development history, research progress, and actual combat application of UAV swarms and sorts out the research status of foreign anti-UAV swarm operations from three aspects: detection and tracking, hard damage, and soft kill methods. Hard damage include conventional weapons, directed energy weapons, and armed combat drone, and soft kills include electronic jamming and deception control. Finally, the future development trend of anti-drone swarm warfare is proposed, including seamless and comprehensive detection and early warning, efficient intelligent decision-making and deployment, the coordination of new conventional weapons, the combination of soft and hard damage, multi-dimensional intelligent system operations, and standard formulation are urgently needed.

LI Pei-yue, ZHANG Yong-fu, LI He-cai

The complexity of the war and the density of high and new technologies have led to an increasing demand for the maintenance and support of space equipment in actual combat. The traditional maintenance support capability system is difficult to meet the dynamic and complex maintenance support needs. By analyzing the factors and relationships generated by the actual combat maintenance and support capability of aerospace equipment, the idea of constructing a capability system based on the decomposition of maintenance support activities is proposed, and the improved gray correlation analysis method is used to optimize, and the optimized maintenance support capability system is obtained. The research can provide a reference for the generation of actual combat maintenance support capability of aerospace equipment.

Supriady F., Fadli M., Efani A. et al.

Character development is very important for the Indonesian nation in order to give birth to a strong generation. The Naval Academy (AAL) is a boarding school where all cadets live and study in dormitories where their complete education, including academics, skills and character attitudes, is all obtained from AAL. The problem is that several concepts about character are already in place, but currently the study load (SKS) for character education has not been accommodated in the curriculum which tends to concentrate on the formation of professionalism, this has resulted in a stagnant and not dynamic educational process, thus causing the phenomenon of a decline in military attitudes and fighting mentality in the cadets, so that it has an effect on the development of the Indonesian Navy's human resources. The purpose of this writing is the Influence of Responsibility, Tanggon, Trengginas and Naval Science on the Character Development of AAL Cadets. The variables Tanggap, Tanggon, Trengginas and Naval Science as well as Character Development were studied, with the Quantitative Method used in the analysis, namely the path equation model, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the aim of testing the predictive relationship between constructs by looking at the relationship between variables. The expected results can improve Naval Science-based character development at AAL.

A. S. Morozov, V. P. Lakomov, A. A. Noskov

In the process of liquidation of emergency situations of biological nature (ESBN) by the NBC Protection Corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the modern modular and wearable technical means of disinfection based on an aerosol method of treatment of objects were widely used. The purpose of the work is to summarize experience of the use of modular and wearable technical means of disinfection during the liquidation of biological emergency. The most intensive use of mobile technical means of disinfection was carried out for more than two years in Chkalovsky airfield by the combined NBC protection group, which carried out work on the disinfection of aircraft of the Military Space Forces and the cargo transported by them against the pathogen of coronavirus infection. The main volume of work on disinfection of cargo compartments and cockpits of pilots of aircraft as well as cargo was performed in the aerosol method with the use of the following technical means: CDA (Aerosol Disinfection Complex) complex, the bagpack motorized and manual sprayers. The aerosol treatment method and the formulation based on ethyl alcohol provided high productivity of works, low manual labor costs, and reliable disinfection of objects with low consumption of preparation. Thus, the processing time of the cargo compartment of AN-124 aircraft with the help of autonomous modules of the CDA or backpack sprayers STIHL SR 450 did not exceed 20 minutes, and the consumption of the recipe was not more than 100 cm3 ×m2. The use of modern modular and wearable disinfection means in the NBC protection units will ensure the increase of efficiency of disinfection measures in the interests of troops and population of the Russian Federation.

Юрій РЕПІЛО, Олексій ІЩЕНКО

Зважаючи на широку різноманітність можливостей безпілотних авіаційних комплексів щодо повітряної розвідки в інтересах виконання вогневих завдань артилерії з одного боку, різноманітність таких завдань та видів і зразків вогневих засобів у складі підрозділів артилерії, з іншого, виникає виправданий сумнів щодо універсальності можливостей наявних та створюваних безпілотних авіаційних комплексів, які могли задовольняти таким умовам. Для усунення такої невідповідності запропоновано методику оцінювання відповідності можливостей безпілотних авіаційних комплексів завданням повітряної розвідки в інтересах вогневої підтримки підрозділами артилерії, за допомогою якої створено алгоритм оцінювання придатності безпілотних авіаційних комплексів для виконання завдань повітряної розвідки в інтересах вогневої підтримки підрозділами артилерії. Першою частиною методики передбачається оцінювання можливостей систем цільової розвідувальної апаратури щодо забезпечення необхідної роздільної здатності при польоті безпілотних авіаційних комплексів на заданій безпечній висоті. Обґрунтовано вимоги до роздільної здатності оптико-електронних систем для забезпечення пошукових можливостей у денний і нічний час. Друга частина методики – розробка маршруту розвідувального польоту, визначення його довжини і тривалості та оцінювання можливостей комплексу щодо його проходження в задані терміни. Метою статті є стислий виклад розробленої методики оцінювання відповідності можливостей безпілотних авіаційних комплексів щодо повітряної розвідки в інтересах виконання вогневих завдань артилерії. Запропоновано алгоритм оцінювання відповідності можливостей БпАК конкретно поставленому розвідувальному завданню в інтересах виконання вогневих завдань артилерії. Методика дозволить оцінювати відповідності можливостей безпілотних авіаційних комплексів щодо повітряної розвідки в інтересах виконання вогневих завдань артилерії для розробки обґрунтованих варіантних рішень в умовах різких змін бойової обстановки.

Ioana NICA, Ph.D Candidate

Is there a European army or not? Do we need a EU army or not? A controversial subject, supported by some and criticized by others, the European army is a desired goal by France, which could thus strengthen its position in Europe and gain advantages from militarization. But what are Romania's interests, how open are the officials from Bucharest on the topic of the creation of the European army and what are the chances of our country participating in it? The present paper represents a theoretical and analytical research on the possibility of Romania's participation in the European Army. Its purpose is to analyze the internal and external factors that can influence both the existence of such an organization and Romania's possibility of being included in it. Thus, the article brings to attention the factors that influence Romania's participation in the European Army and its implications. Also, this paper takes into account the need for a quick intervention of an armed force in the context of the increasing risks to which EU states are exposed, the most recent example being the threat of Russia.

Matteo Carlesso, Mauro Paternostro

We argue that, in the quest for the translation of fundamental research into actual quantum technologies, two avenues that have - so far - only partly explored should be pursued vigorously. On first entails that the study of energetics at the fundamental quantum level holds the promises for the design of a generation of more energy-efficient quantum devices. On second route to pursue implies a more structural hybridisation of quantum dynamics with data science techniques and tools, for a more powerful framework for quantum information processing.

Rafael C. Alvarado

Consensus on the definition of data science remains low despite the widespread establishment of academic programs in the field and continued demand for data scientists in industry. Definitions range from rebranded statistics to data-driven science to the science of data to simply the application of machine learning to so-called big data to solve real-world problems. Current efforts to trace the history of the field in order to clarify its definition, such as Donoho's "50 Years of Data Science" (Donoho 2017), tend to focus on a short period when a small group of statisticians adopted the term in an unsuccessful attempt to rebrand their field in the face of the overshadowing effects of computational statistics and data mining. Using textual evidence from primary sources, this essay traces the history of the term to the 1960s, when it was first used by the US Air Force in a surprisingly similar way to its current usage, to 2012, the year that Harvard Business Review published the enormously influential article "Data Scientist: The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century" (Davenport and Patil 2012) and the American Statistical Association acknowledged a profound disconnect between statistics and data science (Rodriguez 2012). Among the themes that emerge from this review are (1) the long-standing opposition between data analysts and data miners that continues to animate the field, (2) an established definition of the term as the practice of managing and processing scientific data that has been occluded by recent usage, and (3) the phenomenon of data impedance -- the disproportion between surplus data, indexed by phrases like data deluge and big data, and the limitations of computational machinery and methods to process them. This persistent condition appears to have motivated the use of the term and the field itself since its beginnings.

Anikin, Valery Mikhailovich

Background and Objectives: The final part of the article about Professor V. V. Golubev is devoted to the period of his life and activity from 1930 to 1954. The active campaign launched at Saratov University in the late 1920s against the “reactionary” professorship forced him to leave Saratov in the summer of 1930. V. V. Golubev criticized the simplistic approach to education (cancellation of exams, the brigade method of attestation, the elimination of theses, etc.). Being well known for his scientific works in the field of pure mathematics and aerodynamics, in Moscow he was recruited by the Central Hydroaerodynamic Institute, Moscow University and the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Materials and Methods: In the article, Golubev’s achievements in truly enchanting scientific, organizational, teaching and methodological activity are classified and analyzed. In 1934 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in 1935 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, in 1939, being enrolled in the cadres of the Red Army, he received the high military ranks (brigengineer and major general of the Aviation Engineering Service). He has received many government awards. V. V. Golubev’s books have become desktop for aviation engineers and designers. They are being republished in the 21st century. Conclusion: The creative heritage of V. V. Golubev in the field of science, methods of education, history of science remains relevant to the present.

Maria Araceli De Haas-Matamoros

El presente artículo identifica como argumento central que el virus SARS-CoV-2 (causante del COVID-19) se ha presentado como un desafío a la seguridad y el bienestar de los países de Norteamérica, lo que ha orillado a los tres Estados que componen esta región a tener a la política de salud como el centro de atención de las demás políticas, y a aplicar una reorientación de las demás políticas públicas; principalmente, las políticas de seguridad y defensa. A partir de ello, se tiene como metodología un estudio comparado de las acciones implementadas por México, Estados Unidos y Canadá en sus políticas de seguridad y defensa para mitigar los contagios de COVID-19, a fin de encontrar coincidencias en las lecciones aprendidas y comprender mejor las acciones necesarias de protección a la población ante una pandemia.

Terry Ruas, Jan Philip Wahle, Lennart Küll et al.

This paper presents CS-Insights, an interactive web application to analyze computer science publications from DBLP through multiple perspectives. The dedicated interfaces allow its users to identify trends in research activity, productivity, accessibility, author's productivity, venues' statistics, topics of interest, and the impact of computer science research on other fields. CS-Insightsis publicly available, and its modular architecture can be easily adapted to domains other than computer science.