The occurrence of laboratory-associated infections, which are caused by the handling of human or animal pathogens, represents a significant threat to the health and safety of laboratory workers and the general population. Such risks are present in clinical diagnostic and research laboratories, including those utilising biotechnology on pathogenic organisms and industrial laboratories engaged in vaccine production. The investigation of these incidents is based on a retrospective analysis of published reports and voluntary questionnaires. The precise level of risk is challenging to ascertain, given the lack of a mandatory reporting system in the majority of countries. This indicates that many event involving exposure to contamination are not reported. The pathogens encountered in the primary published series include bacteria (e.g., Brucella spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Coxiella burnetii), viruses (e.g., HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-1, VEEV), and particularly dangerous viruses (e.g., hantavirus, filovirus, arenavirus), and less frequently fungi, parasites, and prions. Approximately 70% of these incidents are attributable to human errors. The primary modes of contamination are inhalation of aerosols and accidental parenteral injections. Additionally, contamination may occur during the handling of pathogens and the decontamination of waste, as well as during the inactivation processes of mass cultures utilized in vaccine production. It is therefore imperative that any incident or accident linked to contact with pathogens in laboratories be made compulsory to report. This will facilitate the systematic monitoring of these infections and data analysis for educational purposes, thereby enhancing prevention of laboratory accidents and leaks.
Sukma Ayu Raganingtyas, Tanto Prima, Mardiyah Mardiyah
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a strategic instrument in creating a safe, healthy, and productive work environment, as well as a determining factor for organizational sustainability. This article aims to comprehensively examine the concept of OHS by highlighting the causes of workplace accidents, the associated risk factors, and the prevention strategies that can be applied across various sectors. The research method employed a systematic literature review with a mapping review approach, drawing on books and indexed scientific publications. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis and narrative synthesis techniques to provide a comprehensive overview of OHS issues.The findings reveal that workplace accidents generally occur due to the complex interaction between human factors, environmental conditions, and management systems. Basic factors such as fatigue, mental pressure, and limited knowledge create vulnerabilities that increase the likelihood of accidents. These conditions are further aggravated by unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, which are often overlooked or insufficiently addressed. Effective prevention strategies require synergy between individuals and organizations through continuous training, the cultivation of a safety culture, consistent supervision, and the proper use of personal protective equipment. Furthermore, managerial commitment to integrating OHS into organizational policies has been shown to contribute significantly to reducing workplace accidents and enhancing productivity.Thus, OHS should not only be regarded as a normative obligation but also as a strategic investment that protects workers, improves quality of life, and strengthens organizational competitiveness in the context of modern industrial dynamics.
Chris Mitrakas, Alexandros Xanthopoulos, Dimitrios Koulouriotis
This paper investigates the effectiveness and limitations of the traditional Fine-Kinney method for occupational risk assessment, emphasizing its shortcomings in addressing complex and dynamic work environments. To overcome these challenges, two advanced methodologies, Fine-Kinney10 (FK10) and Fuzzy Fine-Kinney10 (FFK10), are introduced. The FK10 employs a symmetric scaling system (1–10) for probability, frequency, and severity indicators, providing a more balanced quantification of risks. Meanwhile, FFK10 incorporates fuzzy logic to handle uncertainty and subjectivity in risk assessment, significantly enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy of risk evaluation. These methodologies were applied to a linemen workshop in an energy production and distribution company, analyzing various types of accidents such as falls from heights, exposure to electric currents, slips on surfaces, and more. The applications highlighted the practical benefits of these methods in effectively assessing and mitigating risks. A significant finding includes the identification of risks related to falls from heights of <2.5 m (SH1) and road traffic accidents (SH6), where all three methods yielded different verbal outcomes. Compared to the traditional Fine-Kinney method, FK10 and FFK10 demonstrated superior ability in distinguishing risk levels and guiding targeted safety measures. The study underscores that FK10 and FFK10 represent significant advancements in occupational risk management, offering robust frameworks adaptable across various industries.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Maxim Skoretskyi , Vadym Kaptur , Andriy Berezkin
et al.
Мета статті. Розроблення алгоритму визначення пріоритетів засобам радіоелектронної боротьби для подавлення приймального тракту конкретного радіоелектронного об’єкту на основі визначення коефіцієнтів подібності між характеристиками засобів і характеристиками цілей.
Методи дослідження. Під час написання статті застосовано метод формалізованого аналізу подібностей, що дає змогу оцінити потенційну ефективність впливу засобів радіоелектронної боротьби на приймальні тракти виявлених радіоелектронних засобів. Запропонований підхід дав змогу врахувати алгоритм попередньої фільтрації та формування матриці близькості, що ґрунтується на нормативно заданих коефіцієнтах сумісності.
Отримані результати дослідження. Розроблено алгоритм визначення пріоритетів засобам радіоелектронної боротьби для подавлення конкретного радіоелектронного об’єкту, що враховує подібність тактико-технічних характеристик засобів до характеристик цілей, а також інші важливі оперативні обставини. Запропонований алгоритм дає змогу ранжувати засоби радіоелектронної боротьби для кожної цілі на основі інтегральної оцінки подібності. Алгоритм ураховує частотну сумісність, геометричні характеристики сектору дії, очікувану потужність перешкоди, а також зайнятість і придатність засобів до групової роботи.
Елементи наукової новизни. Запропонований алгоритм описує новий спосіб визначення пріоритетів засобам радіоелектронної боротьби, який дає змогу адаптувати вибір засобів до динамічних змін у бойовій обстановці. Вперше застосовано метод формалізованого аналізу подібностей в частині перетворення технічних параметрів у метрику ефективності взаємодії.
Теоретична й практична значущість викладеного у статті. Отримані результати мають прикладне значення для побудови адаптивних систем управління засобами радіоелектронної боротьби у зоні бойових дій. Модель може бути інтегрована в існуючі системи автоматизованого управління засобами радіоелектронної боротьби, підвищуючи точність і ефективність їх роботи за мінімізації зайвих витрат ресурсів.
To optimize the selection of surfactants for coal seam water injection, this study examines the effects of ionic surfactants (DTAB and SDS) on water seepage in low-rank long-flame coal. A three-dimensional Eulerian two-phase flow model is established via ANSYS Fluent software to simulate the surfactant migration and is then validated through triaxial seepage experiments. The following crucial results are obtained: For long-flame coal from Houwenjialiang Coal Mine in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, the seepage coefficient increases with higher water injection pressure when using two surfactant solutions. Subjected to the water injection pressure of 2 MPa, the seepage coefficients of SDS and DTAB surfactants in order are obtained as 0.06 and 0.08, respectively, and the enhancement effect of cationic surfactant DTAB on coal seam water injection is superior to that of anionic surfactant SDS. In the presence of external pressure, the liquid seeps upwards along the pressure direction and with a steady flow, and seeps around along the pores and cracks of the coal body. The obtained results also reveal that the adsorption effect of SDS surfactant on coal is strong, resulting in a weaker water injection effect with increased water injection time into the coal seam.
Wen-gang Huang, Tian-hong Duan, Zuo-Tang Wang
et al.
Gas explosion is one of the main accident risks during underground coal gasification (UCG). There are significant differences in the gas composition and explosive environment between UCG syngas and other gases. Previous research on the explosion characteristics of UCG syngas is not comprehensive enough, especially without considering the influence of the initial temperature on various characteristic parameters. A set of calculation methods for explosion characteristic parameters of UCG syngas based on existing research was proposed, which was applied to analyze explosion characteristics of syngas produced by different gasifying processes in the Huating UCG industrial test. The results showed that with the initial temperature improving, the maximum temperature and upper explosion limit of different gases increased, while the maximum pressure, lower explosion limit, and oxygen content safety limit decreased. However, the explosion thermal effect, pressure rise rate, and explosion characteristic values showed small changes. When the initial temperature increased from 298 to 1473 K, the explosion temperature of different gas explosions increased from 1645–2286 to 2652–3238 K, the maximum pressure dropped from 0.59–0.81 MPa (absolute pressure) to 0.19–0.23 MPa, the lower explosion limit dropped from 12.34–29.79% to 0.58–1.77%, the upper explosion limit increased from 55.68–83.35% to 70.89–93.73%, and the safety limit of oxygen content dropped from 4.86–6.37% to 0.26–0.34%. In addition, the gas calorific value also affected the values of various explosion characteristic parameters, among which the explosive thermal effect, maximum temperature, maximum pressure, pressure rise rate, explosion characteristic value, and safety limit of oxygen content in the syngas were all proportional to the calorific value of gas, while the lower and upper limits of explosion were inversely proportional to it. Based on the above research, syngas explosion-prone stages and causes of each potential risk area in the Huating UCG project were analyzed, the explosion characteristic parameters were determined, and targeted prevention and control measures were proposed accordingly. This study can lay a theoretical foundation for the study of syngas explosion characteristics and risk control for the UCG project.
Samir K. Khrais, Tamer Elia Yared, Noor Majid Saifan
et al.
Surface mining is one of the hazardous industries that have several risky operations, including transportation, treatment, and mineral extraction. To avoid the risk of disaster, it is important to evaluate safety procedures and determine expected hazards. The aim of this study is to develop a thorough safety evaluation model for the surface mining industry based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one important multi-criteria decision-making approach. A total of 11 criteria and 36 sub-criteria that are both independent and homogeneous were involved in the decision problem. Further, a deep sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the stability of the ranking preference. The findings indicate that four out of the eleven criteria are particularly significant. To test the model’s applicability and effectiveness, a case study was conducted involving three surface mining companies located in the north of Jordan. The results demonstrate that the model is reliable, applicable, and effective in addressing real-world problems.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Hiroshi Nakashima, Isamu Kabe, Satoko Iwasawa
et al.
Objectives: For occupational health staff, the health status of the worksite is an important matter, and a single index for presenting this health status is desired. We applied a stroke prediction model to employees of a Japanese non-iron metal company working at 10 worksites to present health status of the worksite. Methods: We applied a stroke prediction model of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study to 2,807 male employees without history of cardiovascular disease. We additionally applied models from the Japan Arteriosclerosis Longitudinal Study and from the Suita Study for validation. As the expected value for each employee at a worksite, we calculated the mean of employees’ predicted 10-year stroke risk for each worksite. To adjust difference in age distribution, the stroke risk of each worksite was age-adjusted using the direct method. The expected values were presented as the representative value of a worksite with the 95% confidence interval calculated using the bootstrap method. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the reason why a worksite exhibits a high risk. We examined if partial regression coefficients of the worst worksite were affected by modifiable risk factors. Results: Three models predicted similar stroke risks for 10 worksites. Difference in the predicted stroke risk was observed among the worksites even after age-adjustment. Diabetes mellitus was found to affect partial regression coefficient of the worst worksite in any of three prediction models. Conclusion: The stroke prediction model was observed to be a comprehensive tool for presenting a worksite’s health status.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Метою статті є розроблення способу оцінювання оперативності управління та прогнозування її зміни під час застосування угруповань військ (сил). У дослідженні використано елементи теорії масового обслуговування, теорії ймовірностей, методи аналізу, експертних оцінок, статистичної обробки даних та порівняння. Запропонований спосіб оцінювання дав змогу побудувати граф станів, в яких може перебувати пункт управління і визначити інтенсивності переходів між ними та ймовірності перебування у кожному стані. Основною властивістю функціонування органів управління, яка характеризує їх здатність здійснювати управління військами (силами) в терміни, що забезпечують успішне виконання поставлених завдань, в умовах негативного впливу зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів є оперативність управління. Враховуючи, що інтенсивність впливу більшості з цих факторів змінюється у часі, оперативність управління теж не буде постійною. Враховуючи складність об’єкту дослідження, який функціонує в багатофакторному просторі, його аналіз найкраще здійснити шляхом математичного моделювання. Для цього в статті розроблено математичну модель, що ґрунтується на використанні системи масового обслуговування з різнорідними каналами. Різнорідність каналів пов’язана з різним можливим впливом на пункт управління – вогневим, диверсійних розвідувальних груп противника, кібернетичних засобів, надпотужного високочастотного випромінювання, обмеженої технічної надійності засобів автоматизованих систем управління тощо. Зважаючи на те, що структура пункту управління являє собою сукупність відносно однорідних елементів, використання згаданого методу передбачає побудову графа станів. Для цього в статті визначені можливі стани умовного пункту управління, орієнтовні значення інтенсивності переходів між ними, ймовірностей виникнення зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів. Відповідно до теорії масового обслуговування кожен стан на визначений момент часу (етап ведення операції) буде характеризуватися ймовірністю перебування в ньому, а переходи між станами описуватися системою диференціальних рівнянь. Такий підхід дає змогу враховувати ймовірнісний вплив зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів, присутніх у процесі функціонування пункту управління. Удосконалено математичну модель для опису процесу зміни стану пункту управління під впливом різних факторів. Оперативність управління розраховується через тривалість циклу управління та ймовірність перебування пункту управління в працездатному стані. Теоретичним значенням викладеного у статті є розробка способу оцінювання оперативного управління угрупованнями військ. Практичне значення зводиться до можливості застосування цієї методики органами військового управління Збройних Сил України та науково-дослідними установами для виявлення проблем під час управління застосуванням угруповань військ.
Introduction: One of the efforts to reduce the risk of occupational accident and occupational diseases is awareness regarding the importance of the safety and health of workers in hospitals, which is also a top priority in hospitals during a pandemic situation. The application of health protocols and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) are the main lines of defense against the risk of disease and occupational accident. So that the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is very important, especially for workers during a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mapping of the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) with the incidence of occupational accident. Methods: The research used was an analytic observational type using a cross sectional approach, besides that the researchers conducted a survey of the conditions in the hospital. With a sample of 179 respondents in all parts of the hospital. Results: There is an effect of the use of PPE on the incidence of work accidents and it is necessary to have a mapping of PPE, such as gloves, safety shoes, surgical glasses, surgical gown, apron, mask, face shield, head protection, safety helmet, safety shoes, body harness, fire-resistant clothing, fire-resistant helmet, fire-resistant goggles, and fire-resistant gloves. Conclusion: Control is needed in the form of procurement of Personal Protective Equipment at Hospital X, including face shields, aprons, gloves, masks, head protectors, and safety shoes.
Priskila Hananingrum, Ais Assana Athqia, Y. Denny A. Wahyudiono
Introduction: Mental workload is one of the most important aspects that affects the health and safety of workers. The Maintenance and Repair Division and Warship Division are divisions in PT. PAL which has a high job demand of the workers in it. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The independent variables used in this study were age, gender, job placement, and social relationship, while the dependent variable was mental workload. The sample used was the total population of all managers in both divisions, totaling 12 respondents. The data was collected using a general questionnaire and the NASA-TLX method was used to measure mental workload. The data analysis technique used was the correlation test. Results: In the Maintenance and Repair Division, most managers were in the age range of 46 – 55 years old (50%) and 4 managers had an overloaded mental workload (66.7%). In the Warship Division, most of the managers were 46 – 55 years old (66.6%) and 4 managers (66.7%) had a moderate workload. Age has a relationship with mental workload in the Maintenance and Repair Division (0,612) and Warships Division (-0,316). Gender shows no relation with mental workload in the Warship Division (0,196). Job placement (-0.632) and social relationship (0.316) have a relation with mental workload in the Warship Division. Conclusion: Age has a relationship with mental workload in both divisions while there is no relationship between gender and mental workload among the managers in the Warship Division. Job placement has a strong negative relationship while social relationship has a strong positive with the mental workload in the Warship Division.
Objectives: This study aimed to objectively assess sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) time during work performed by older adults and investigate the relationship between work and ST/PA in daily life of this population. Methods: Participants were recruited from members of a Silver Human Resources Center and their families and friends. Data for 194 participants (131 workers and 63 non-workers) were included in the analysis. ST/PA during work (workers only) and daily life (all participants) were assessed using an accelerometer. ST/PA during work were defined according to the Japan Standard Occupational Classification. Associations between work and ST/PA in daily life were analyzed by covariance analysis adjusted for confounders. Results: ST during work was longest in clerical workers (35±16.0 min/h). Light-intensity PA during work was shortest in clerical workers (23.2±15.6 min/h), whereas this value was similar among the other occupational classes. Moderate-to-vigorous PA during work was relatively longer in construction and mining workers (15.3±11.9 min/h). Workers were found to have shorter sedentary and longer PA time in their daily life than non-workers. Moreover, workers with longer weekly work hours (≥14 h/wk) were found to have significantly shorter sedentary and longer PA time, and this trend was apparent in blue-collar workers. Conclusions: This study demonstrated objectively assessed ST/PA during work in older adults according to occupational classifications. Furthermore, it investigated the associations between work and ST/PA in daily life and showed the potential contribution of work, particularly blue-collar work, in decreasing ST and increasing PA.
Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention, Medicine (General)
Abstract Much attention is placed on the contribution of the security professional to an organization's overall safety program. Indeed, this role is critical for the prevention, reporting, and investigation of workplace accidents and the maintenance of a secure workplace. The key objective of this chapter is to focus on helping the security professional in identifying those risks that may evolve into a critical safety condition. Emphasis is on the prevention or reduction of these risks to the greatest degree possible. When the security professional must react to the risk, it can be inferred that the damage has already occurred or worse yet, someone may have been harmed.
Abstract Despite the fact that the information about past accidents is an integral part of accident prevention, the information about industrial accidents is not commonly available in food and agricultural sectors. Spray dryer plants for dairy products are not an exception. The aim of this paper is the creation of the representative database for industrial spray drying accidents in order to identify their major causes. The paper is divided into 8 chapters. The first two chapters deal with the general information about technology of spray drying of dairy products. The third chapter provides the outputs from the authors' database containing records of 25 accidents in milk drying facilities in Europe. These accidents took place between 1999 and 2019 in six European countries. Based on the accident database, the most common causes of accidents were identified. Processes that can cause a fire, an explosion, or damage to environment are described in the fourth, fifth and sixth chapter. The seventh chapter deals with process, technical and organizational measures; these were discussed using literature research and the results of the accident database. The eighth chapter is the conclusion with a focus on further improvement of process safety through newly developed protective tools.
Natural hazards pose critical threats to chemical and process installations handling hazardous materials. In particular, severe technological accidents involving the release of chemicals can be triggered by natural events, namely Natech accidents. Moreover, natural hazards can impact and weaken safety measures for accident prevention and mitigation implemented in the impacted plant, increasing the credibility of severe domino effect escalation and, thus, affecting the risk induced by Natech scenarios. The present study is aimed at developing a structured approach aimed at supporting the probabilistic evaluation of Natech events in presence of safety barriers. Barrier performance are described with a specific metric, able to quantitatively assess the degradation due to natural hazards. The methodology is applied to the analysis of an industrial case study, showing the influence of the natural event impact on the performance of safety barriers and, thus, on the probability and frequency of escalation scenarios triggered by Natech events.
Chemical engineering, Computer engineering. Computer hardware
Сергій Станіславович Гаценко, Олег Володимирович Костенко, Віктор Петрович Кузьменко
et al.
В статті пропонується вирішення актуального наукового завдання розробки науково-методичного апарату ранжування джерел розвідувальних відомостей, які характеризують об’єкти розвідки при оцінці оперативної обстановки та радіоелектронної обстановки в інтересах планування розвідки. Ранг джерела розвідувальних відомостей розраховується з урахуванням його якісних і кількісних характеристик. Функціонування залежності рангу джерела розвідувальних відомостей від його розвідувальної цінності і ототожнюємих з ними радіоелектронною обстановкою реалізується нечіткою нейронною мережею. Результатом виконання процедури ранжування є введення на множині джерел розвідувальних відомостей що плануються, відношення порядку. Впорядкування множини джерел розвідувальних відомостей дозволяє формалізувати і вирішити завдання квазіоптимального розподілу засобів і сил розвідки.
Introduction: One of the hazards caused by the process of producing plastic sacks is noise. Noise is unwanted sound judged to be unpleasant, loud or disruptive to hearing. Noise is produced by machines used in the production process. Noise that exceeds the threshold limit value (TLV) at workplace can cause hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hearing threshold level of workers who were exposed to noise in circulator loom unit at PT. Kerta Rajasa Raya Sidoarjo. Method: This was an observational study with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 47 workers, while the sample was the total population. The independent variable wasnoise, while the dependent variable was the hearing threshold level. Contingency coefficient was used to detemine the strength of correlation between variables. Noise intensity measurement at three points revealed that the value exceeded the time limit value. Result: Most of the workers were > 40 years old (72.3%), had work period of 15-20 years (51.07%) and never consumed ototoxic medication (80.85%). Conclusion: A moderate correlation between the noise intensity and hearing threshold level of right ear. However, the correlation between noise intensity and hearing threshold level of left ear is weak.
Keywords: hearing threshold level, noise, work characteristic