Hasil untuk "Home economics"

André Mancha, Elisa Peres

Adriane K. Schalt, Robert H. Coker, Hanns-Christian Gunga et al.

PurposeThe objective of this study is to focus on energy intake and expenditure, as well as changes in various serum parameters regarding stress and metabolism, during the Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU), an ultramarathon of 690 km length, under Arctic conditions.MethodsThe Yukon Arctic Ultra was studied over 4 years (2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019). A total of 22 participants (14 men, 8 women) were recruited, who raced on foot while pulling a sled. At four different checkpoints (PRE 0 km; D1 277 km; D2 383 km, and POST 690 km), measurements were performed.ResultsA total of 14 participants finished (FIN) the race successfully (9 men; 5 women), 8 participants dropped out; total body weight loss in FIN men was 4.9 ± 2.1 kg, and in FIN women, 3.2 ± 1.8 kg. Total energy intake in FIN was 53,049 ± 10,474 kcal and 4,840 ± 819 kcal/day. Energy expenditure in FIN totalled 71,539 ± 10,585 kcal and 6,628 ± 1,019 kcal/day, resulting in a caloric deficit. Troponin T and CK showed significantly lower values in the slower participants at POST (diff means: 8.2 pg./mL and 417 U/L, respectively). CRP and NT-pro BNP increased at D1 (diff means: 16.5 mg/dL and 322.4 pg./mL, respectively), LDL decreased at POST (−45.5 mg/dL), as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL. Triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroxine (fT4) decreased at POST (−1.0 and −1.8 pg./mL, respectively).ConclusionA considerable energy deficit was identified in almost all athletes, which resulted in the loss of both lean mass and fat mass. Serum cardiac, lipid, and inflammation markers were altered significantly, indicating severe stress. It remains to be seen whether such events contribute to pathological sequelae or are merely temporary without clinical relevance.

Botao Wang, Fengli Wang, Tianmeng Zhang et al.

BackgroundEarly studies have demonstrated the significant potential of hyaluronic acid (HA) in alleviating osteoarthritis (OA); however, the relationship between different molecular weights (MWs) and efficacy remains unclear.MethodsThe rat model was used to evaluate the effects of different MWs of HA on OA and to identify the MW that was most effective in alleviating OA. Based on this, a clinical trial was conducted to verify the selected HA’s clinical efficacy.ResultsThe results showed that HA significantly reduced joint swelling in rats, dramatically increased HA content in the serum and joint synovial fluid, decreased serum and joint synovial fluid levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) when compared with the OA group, especially high-MW HA. Importantly, these protective roles may be attributed to the immune regulation of HA. Clinical trial results indicated that HA significantly decreased pain, stiffness, and physical function of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and had no significant impact on blood and urine indices.ConclusionOur findings suggest that oral supplementation with HA can reduce the progression of arthritis, pain, and cartilage damage, and can be a new strategy to relieve joint discomfort.

Yangyang Yang, Yunfeng Xu, Xiangxiang He et al.

This study aims to characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in pickles and investigate the effect of lactic acid fermentation on phenolic compounds in peony flowers. Six strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and one strain of Weissella identified by 16S rRNA sequencing met the safety standards confirmed by metabolite safety assessment and antibiotic resistance analysis. NPLP12 exhibited excellent fermentation characteristics and its tolerance, adhesion, and antioxidant indicators all demonstrated its potential as probiotics and starter. After fermentation with NPLP12, the content of total phenols (15.2 %) and flavonoids (22.7 %) in the liquid extract of peony flowers was significantly increased, and the antioxidant activity was also enhanced. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis confirmed that apigenin 7-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were key synergistic components. This study provides a reference for the screening of peony flower fermentation strains, the utilization of peony flower resources and the development of functional peony flower fermentation beverages.

Farzana Siddique, Sana Imtiaz, Saima Noreen et al.

Abstract Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology has emerged as a cutting-edge processing and preservation technique for milk and dairy products by utilizing high-voltage pulses to promote electroporation-mediated inactivation of microbes and enzymes without compromising the inherent nutritional and sensory properties. This review underscores the ability of PEF to maintain and improve the quality and safety of milk and dairy products. PEF-treated milk has a significant retention of major nutrients, such as proteins, minerals, and vitamins, with minimal effect on texture, taste, and color, as well as maintaining fat globule structural stability. This technology enhances the technological and functional properties of milk proteins like solubility, gelation, and emulsification without promoting significant conformational alterations. PEF has significant potential in mitigating antibiotic residues including sulfonamides, benzylpenicillin in dairy products. Moreover, this technology exhibits significant potential in dairy processing applications, such as production of yogurt, cheese, ice-cream and other dairy products, with a synergistic effect when combined with mild thermal treatment and other innovative approaches. Further research is necessary to optimize PEF processing parameters to fully understand the significant effects of this approach on the nutritional bioaccessibility, molecular stability, microbial parameters, and shelf-life of PEF treated dairy products. This could facilitate the development of precise and evidence-based PEF processing strategies for dairy technology. Graphical abstract

Qiaoyin Tan, Bochao Chen, Cuicui Wu et al.

Honami Osuda, Yuki Kimura, Masakazu Hara

Immunoglobulin, which is widely used in the formulation of protein drugs, is prone to aggregation due to freezing. The aggregated immunoglobulin exhibits decreased immune-reactivity and increasing immunogenicity. Accordingly, large amounts of excipients are added to immunoglobulin drugs to prevent aggregation. In the present study, we found that an Arabidopsis dehydrin (AtHIRD11), which is a stress-related intrinsically disordered protein, could efficiently inhibit the cryoaggregation of bovine gamma globulin (BGG). AtHIRD11 was 3 to 4 orders of magnitude more efficient than general protectants such as sugars and amino acids at the molar levels. The K-segment, which is a conserved sequence of dehydrin, was one of the protective sites of AtHIRD11. Amino acid substitution analysis indicated that the hydrophobic amino acids contributed to the cryoprotective activity of the K-segment. Moreover, the activity was roughly correlated with the hydropathy scores of hydrophobic amino acids. BGG and the K-segment individually migrated in size exclusion chromatography, showing that the K-segment did not bind to BGG in solution. This suggests that dehydrin may prevent the cryoaggregation of BGG via the K-segment through a transient hydrophobic interaction. Dehydrin may be utilized as an effective stabilizer of immunoglobulin to minimize aggregation under freezing conditions.

Vivian Costa Resende Cunha, Camila A. Borges, Daniela S. Canella

Introdução. Em 2009, foi proposta uma classificação de alimentos, denominada classificação NOVA. Países da América Latina tem se destacado em seu uso nas recomendações nutricionais e agenda regulatória. Objetivo. Avaliar como a produção científica em alimentação e nutrição na América Latina tem incorporado a classificação NOVA. Materiais e métodos. A análise da produção científica foi realizada a partir de trabalhos apresentados no Congresso Latinoamericano de Nutrição (SLAN) nos anos de 2012, 2015 e 2018. Os termos utilizados para a busca foram: NOVA, ultraprocessado, processado, processamento e guia alimentar, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após a busca, foram aplicados os critérios de exclusão e inclusão e os resumos selecionados foram descritos de acordo com variáveis analíticas previamente definidas. Resultados. Foram analisados 153, sendo 24 publicados em 2012, 20 em 2015 e 109 em 2018. A maioria dos estudos foram desenvolvidos no Brasil (56,2%) e no México (12,4%) e envolvia adolescentes (28,8%), adultos (21,6%) e alimentos (19,6%) como sujeito/unidade de análise. A maioria dos trabalhos foi classificada na área de Nutrição em Saúde Pública (88,9%), era de natureza observacional (82,3%) e empregava método quantitativo (76,5%). A venda e/ou consumo de alimentos (46,4%) e o ambiente alimentar (24,2%) foram os objetos de estudo mais frequentes. Conclusão. A produção científica que considera a classificação NOVA na América Latina aumentou em 2018, com Brasil e México liderando o desenvolvimento dos estudos. Estudos que explorem a relação da classificação NOVA com o preço dos alimentos, habilidades culinárias e políticas públicas são oportunidades de pesquisa.

Fang Liu, Kai Wang, Jiaqi Nie et al.

Although numerous studies have explored the relationship between selenium intake and thyroid diseases, few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between selenium intake and thyroid hormones. Therefore, we conducted this analysis to investigate the association between dietary selenium intake and thyroid hormones. Our sample included 5,575 adults (age ≥ 20) years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Thyroid hormones, including total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), were detected. Multivariable linear regression models showed that log10-transformed selenium intake (LogSe) was negatively correlated with TT4 (β = −0.383, 95% CI: −0.695, −0.070) and TT4/TT3 (β = −0.003, 95% CI: −0.006, −0.0004) in U.S. adults. Besides, additional stratified analyses by sex demonstrated that LogSe was negatively associated with TT4 (β = −0.007, 95% CI: −0.013, −0.001) and TT4/TT3 (β = −0.664, 95% CI: −1.182, −0.146) and positively associated with FT4/TT4 (β = 0.031, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.059) in male adults. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis by iodine status showed that LogSe was negatively associated with TT4 (β = −0.006, 95% CI: −0.011, −0.002), FT4/FT3 (β = −0.011, 95% CI: −0.023, −0.00002) and TT4/TT3 (β = −0.456, 95% CI: −0.886, −0.026) in iodine sufficiency but not in iodine deficiency adults. Our results demonstrated that the increased dietary selenium intake was negatively correlated with TT4 and TT4/TT3 in U.S. adults. Furthermore, the association between dietary selenium intake and thyroid hormones was more pronounced in males and iodine sufficiency adults.

Dylan J. Cooper, Dylan J. Cooper, Sharon Zarabi et al.

Background/aimsContinuous glucose monitoring is a well-tolerated and versatile tool for management of diabetes and metabolic disease. While its use appears to be feasible to monitor glycemic profiles in diabetics, there is a paucity of data in individuals with obesity and normal glucose tolerance. The aim of this study is to investigate glucose fluctuations and insulin resistance patterns in normoglycemic participants with obesity vs. without obesity and contextualize these results against leading models for obesity.Materials and methodsWe designed a prospective, observational pilot study of two cohorts including 14 normoglycemic participants with obesity and 14 normoglycemic participants without obesity. Participants were monitored with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for five consecutive days. Insulin resistance levels were measured and glucometric data were extracted from CGM for all participants.ResultsFasting serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the group with obesity (P < 0.05). While the group with obesity had a higher mean blood glucose (MBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), and continuous overall glycemic action-1 h (CONGA-1), these differences were not significant. On univariate linear regression, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cohort with obesity, cohort consuming a high glycemic diet, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting insulin levels. WC and fasting insulin levels remained predictors of HOMA-IR in our multivariable model.ConclusionWhile there is much excitement surrounding the use of commercial CGM products in obesity management, our results suggest that fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values may be more clinically useful than CGM data alone.

GAO Xiufen, YANG Dajin

ObjectiveTo study the implementation of food recalls managed by U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and explore experiences for the food recalling in China.MethodsFood recall information was collected from FDA website. The information was analyzed by EXCEL 2013.ResultsInformation including 461 recall events and 1734 types of food were obtained from the weekly enforcement reports in 2019. Sixty percent of the recalls were class Ⅱ. About one third of recalls were class Ⅰ. Milk products were the most frequently recalled food, accounted for 17.88% of the total recalling food. Microbiology contamination was the main recall reason, resultsing in 31.45% of recall events and 37.89% of recall food types. Not notifying allergen was responsible for 35.01% of the recall events, which was the highest proportion among the reasons. The proportion of recall food types caused by not notifying allergen was only 18.40%. Inappropriate proceeding resulted in 3.47% of recall events and 24.63% of recall food types, respectively. More than 99% of the recalls were carried voluntarily by food firms except 4 mandatory recalls by FDA.ConclusionFood recall is implemented efficiently in America. FDA publishes food recall information and makes it easily obtainable to public. Manufacture process monitoring is a high efficiency food safety managing measure. Food firms have strong conscientiousness to recall defective food voluntarily. It’s important to promote the participation of the public, transfer the traditional end-product managing model, and cultivate the conscientiousness of the firms for the implementation of food recall in China.

Dany Bahar

Maurizio Canavari, Silvia Coderoni

Abstract Carbon footprint (CF) labels on agri-food products represent one of the most important tools to convey information to consumers about the greenhouse gases emissions associated with their purchase behaviour. Together with the growing interest of consumers in CF labels, the subject has gained attention also in the scientific literature, and formal evaluations of consumer response to carbon labelling have been published. Studies in this area aim at analysing consumers’ preferences for buying products with a lower CF label or their willingness to pay (WTP) for these products. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, the study proposes a review of the literature that so far has analysed consumer WTP for CF label, focusing on Italian consumers. Second, it uses the results of two surveys of consumers’ attitudes towards dairy products with a lower CF label to analyse the factors determining a positive stated WTP. Results point out that a positive WTP for lower CF products is more likely to be declared by respondents who believe that buying products with less environmental impact can combat climate change. Conversely, highly price-sensitive consumers are less likely to be willing to pay more for CF-labelled products.

Elena Carrillo-Álvarez, Irene Cussó-Parcerisas, Júlia Muñoz-Martínez

III Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Combinar la nutrición comunitaria y personalizada: nuevos retos.

Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Siti Muslimatun, Anuraj H Shankar et al.

Abstract We explored paternal roles in timely breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices in Jakarta using a mixed-methods approach in sequence of focus group discussions (FGDs – phase 1) and a quantitative survey (phase 2). The study population was parents with infants aged below 6 months. Data on paternal roles, maternal attributes, and breastfeeding practices were collected from 43 purposively selected parents in phase 1 and 536 couples in phase 2. FGDs provided insights to finalize the questionnaire for the survey. Nine paternal roles were identified: 1-accompanying the mother during antenatal and postnatal visits, 2-suggesting places for health checkups and delivery, 3-seeking information about child nutrition, 4-accompanying the mother during delivery, 5-facilitating psychological support of the mother, 6-childcare involvement, 7-engagement in childcare discussions, 8-involvement in decisions about infant feeding mode, and 9-enthusiasm for fatherhood. Roles 3 (aOR=1.65; 95%CI=1.07 to 2.54) and 9 (1.59; 1.04-2.44) were positively associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding. Role 8 was positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding (1.69; 1.10-2.60), but roles 2 (0.49; 0.32-0.76) and 5 (0.97; 0.41-0.64) were negatively associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Fathers played roles in breastfeeding practices under study. Fathers need a tailored breastfeeding promotion to stimulate necessary support for breastfeeding mothers. Keywords: initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, fathers, mixed-methods approach, Indonesia

Maria Stephanie Gunandar, Muhana Sofiati Utami

Adjustment in the freshmen students that leaving home for college is a process for an individual facing changes and learning to fit in with a new environment. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between parental social-support with adjustment of the freshmen that leaving home for college. The subjects of the study are 96 undergraduates grade 2016 from several faculties of Universitas Gadjah Mada, they are Psychology, Economics and Business, also Social and Politics. Subjects are chosen by using purposive sampling method. Product Moment correlation analysis showed that there was association between parental social support with adjustment of the freshmen that leaving home for college with 0,317 as the correlation score. There was a positive and significant correlation between parental social-support with adjustment of the freshmen that leaving home for college.

Sedigheh Abdollahpour, Hamid Heidarian Miri, Talat Khadivzadeh

Background: Improving the maternal health is one of the world’s most challenging problems. Despite significant movements over the past decades, maternal health has been still considered as a central goal for sustainable development. Maternal near miss (MNM) cases experience long-term physical and psychological effects. To present a clear portrait of the current situation, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with the purpose to assess the worldwide prevalence of MNM. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases to find published papers in English, before March 2019 and regardless of the type of study. We, then, assessed the prevalence of MNM according to the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria. Finally, 49 papers were included in the study. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the available prevalence. The quality of studies was also evaluated. Results: The weighted pooled worldwide prevalence of MNM, was 18.67/1000 (95% CI: 16.28-21.06). Heterogeneity was explored using subgroup analyses based on the continent and the country. We used meta-regression of MNM on MD which resulted in adjusted R-squared as78.88%. Conclusion: The prevalence of MNM was considerable. Low- and middle-income countries should develop systematic approaches to improve quality of care in the facilities and to reducethe risk of MNM events, with the hope to women’s health.

C. Grandclément, Alain Nadaï

ABSTRACT This paper follows the sinuous trajectory of the joint design of an electricity meter and the technical architecture of the smart home in France. The analysis points to the articulation between the mundane work of material and market design and the profound, pervasive, and political issue of ‘agencing’ consumption. Three figures of the consumer appeared along with the evolving design of the smart home and meter: a behavioural energy saver; a market offer chooser, and an attached consumer. The ‘unbundling’ doctrine, which states that competition must be sorted out from monopoly in order for the electricity market to function, was often invoked to justify changes in the smart meter and smart home designs. The role of the doctrine was, however, ambiguous. As a rather abstract perspective on the working of markets, unbundling seems to be exceeded by concrete and mundane marketing attempts at re-bundling choice. And yet consumer figures doctrinally compatible with classical/neoliberal economics, which considers the consumer to be an autonomous self, leave open the ground for an attached consumer to emerge, suggesting that the consumer is in fact always ‘attached’ rather than detached.

S. Ramani, Timothée Frühauf, Arijit Dutta

Gunajit Goswami, Sudipta Sankar Bora, Assma Parveen et al.

Kahudi or Pani tenga is a very unique fermented mustard product of Assam that is prepared by mixing coarsely ground mustard with extracts of acidic Garcinia pedunculata (Thekera) or tamarind. Kahudi is produced through a spontaneous and uncontrolled solid state fermentation and very little scientific effort has been directed to understand its microflora and their functional properties. In this paper, we report the microbial flora and their dynamics during Kahudi fermentation with special emphasis on lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB were found to be dominant (8 log CFU/g) over other microbial flora (4 log CFU/g) during the fermentation process leading to Kahudi formation. The microbial load in Kahudi did not include any mycelial molds or pathogenic enteric bacteria. Combination of phenotypic parameters, biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed the dominant group of LAB as Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus casei. The sugar fermentation and enzyme profile analysis revealed the ability of the microbial consortia to metabolize an array of indigestible sugars including D-mannose, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside, methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin, and arbutin. Although the isolates showed good acid phosphatase activity they had weak extracellular phytase activity. This is the first report on the microbial dynamics and involvement of LAB during Kahudi fermentation.