Measurements of jet substructure in Pb+Pb collisions provide key insights into the mechanism of jet quenching in the hot and dense QCD medium created in these collisions.This Letter presents a measurement of the suppression of large-radius jets with a radius parameter of R=1.0 and its dependence on the jet substructure. The measurement uses 1.72 nb−1 of Pb+Pb data and 255 pb−1 of pp data, both at sNN=5.02 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Large-radius jets are reconstructed by reclustering R=0.2 calorimetric jets and are measured for transverse momentum above 200 GeV. Jet substructure is evaluated using charged-particle tracks, and the overall level of jet suppression is quantified using the jet nuclear modification factor (RAA). The jet RAA is measured as a function of jet pT, the charged kt splitting scale (d12), and the angular separation (ΔR12) of two leading sub-jets. The jet RAA gradually decreases with increasing d12, implying significantly stronger suppression of large-radius jets with larger kt splitting scale. The jet RAA gradually decreases for ΔR12 in the range 0.01−0.2 and then remains consistent with a constant for ΔR12 ≳ 0.2. The observed significant dependence of jet suppression on the jet substructure will provide new insights into its role in the quenching process.
Eugenijus Jurgelėnas, Sigita Kerzienė, Linas Daugnora
et al.
Sex identification is often challenging, especially when only skeletal remains are available. While previous research has primarily focused on skull measurements, dental traits have received less attention. This study aimed to measure the upper and lower canines, molars, and tooth rows of raccoon dogs in Lithuania to examine sexual dimorphism and analyze the correlation between different teeth and tooth row measurements. A total of 90 skulls with lower jaws of adult raccoon dogs were examined, including 55 males and 35 females. Osteometric analysis followed standard protocols, with canine measurements adapted using a method tailored to the dentition of carnivorous species. Of all the study measurements, the canine teeth demonstrated the most significant sex differences. The correlation analysis showed a strong correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between the dimensions of the upper molars P<sup>4</sup>, M<sup>1</sup>, and M<sup>2</sup>. The upper tooth rows were strongly correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with the dimensions of the P<sup>4</sup> and canines. Lower molar correlations were weaker than upper ones, and lower tooth rows showed less correlation with tooth measurements. These findings indicate that molars and tooth rows are not reliable for sex determination in raccoon dogs. However, the observed sexual dimorphism in canine teeth may offer insights for future zooarchaeological and comparative anatomical studies.
Sprawa narodowowyzwoleńcza w okresie zaborów była obecna w życiu polskiego społeczeństwa na różnych płaszczyznach. Polacy, chcący odzyskać niepodległość, podejmowali radykalne kroki, które doprowadziły do powstań w 1830 i 1863 r. Wśród nich nie brakowało duchowieństwa katolickiego, które osobistym zaangażowaniem było moralnym oparciem dla ruchów niepodległościowych. W diecezji kujawsko-kaliskiej jednym z nietuzinkowych księży działających na rzecz podniesienia moralności i ducha religijnego w okresie międzypowstańczym był ks. Piotr Kobyliński (1814-1896), który za organizowanie przemytu ludzi do powstania w Wielkim Księstwie Poznańskim w 1846 r., płomienne kazania zagrzewające do walki z wrogiem oraz udzielanie wsparcia wszystkim podejmującym działania powstańcze, doznał represji w postaci trzyletniego uwięzienia przez władze carskie. Zabiegał o jedność duchowieństwa i wiernych w sprawie narodowej, co objawiło się w obronie bpa Michała Marszewskiego w 1863 r., jaką podjął po próbach zdyskredytowania jego osoby w oczach Polaków. Drugim obszarem pracy duchownego było duszpasterstwo w pięciu parafiach, w których zasłynął jako budowniczy kościołów i wzorowy proboszcz emanujący głębokim patriotyzmem w swoim nauczaniu i postawie.
Families, including those with children, constitute a significant group of people crossing the Polish-Belarusian border. The aim of this article is to analyse the discourse on the Polish-Belarusian border in the context of the place that the category of “family” finds in it, and what role and responsibility is assigned to children and parents. The theoretical framework for these reflections is primarily critical childhood studies. For this purpose, the author analyzed Polish-language online statements about the humanitarian crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border published between mid-August 2021 and the 1st of January 2023. The research included statements by institutional actors (e.g. Border Guard), media publications as well as public comments by social media users (Twitter). In the case of the humanitarian crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border, the term “family” is used in a variety of ways – from building a sense of symbolic solidarity (the “Families Without Borders” group), through referring this term to the presence of particularly vulnerable people among migrants, to attributing responsibility for the risks regarding the situation of children at the border to either parents or state institutions, depending on the discourse. Reflections on the Polish-Belarusian border seem to be part of the tensions related to the concepts of “family”, “parenthood” and “children”.
Among the many issues related to priesthood, questions often arise about how the Church prepares pupils/students for priestly service, what this formation involves and who is responsible for it. The article attempts to answer these questions from a historical perspective. It begins by presenting the idea of seminary life and the beginnings of the institution of theological seminaries. Then it discusses the decision of the Council of Trent, which obliged the Church to establish theological seminaries in all dioceses. The next stage in the education of the clergy was introduced by the document of the Second Vatican Council, Optatam Totius, which defines the nature and mission of a priest. It obliged local churches to develop their own Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis. The Polish Ratio Fundamentalis drew its inspiration from this document. The analysis of the new Ratio for Polish seminaries developed in 2021 concludes the latest stage in the history of clergy formation.
This article seeks to identify the reasons behind Poland’s decision to adopt a
new law on the restitution of confiscated properties in 2021, although another law
already stipulated the historical conditions for addressing the legacy of the Holocaust in
2018. The two laws were conceived on the premise that Nazi Germany bore almost
exclusive responsibility for the Holocaust. The most recent law intended to regulate a
segment of the valuable Warsaw real estate market which had been affected by
numerous public scandals during the past two decades. Enacted on August 14, 2021,
the new law blocked the former owners and their legal successors not only from
recovering their former estates, but also from receiving rightful compensation.
Legislators considered that the law had to conform to a 2015 ruling of the
Constitutional Tribunal, which imposed limits on appeals against administrative
decisions set between 10 and 30 years. Although the law concerns an administrative act,
it also reflects the political disputes over the nation’s historical memory and, in
particular, one of the most tragic periods in the history of Poland: 1939-1945.
The present article examines the beginning of the recipe for hare meat (leporis vero si novellae […]) preserved in Chapter 13 of the dietetic treatise De observatione ciborum written in the first half of the 6th cent. by the Byzantine physician Anthimus.
In the initial part of the study, the author briefly discusses key events in the doctor’s life, explaining the circumstances which brought him to the royal court of the Frankish ruler, Theuderic. Next, the author analyses Anthimus’ competence in the field of dietetics and proves that he composed his treatise in line with ancient and Byzantine materia medica.
The key part of the article scrutinises the most popular methods of preparing hare meat according to ancient gastronomical literature (Ἡδυπάθεια by Archestratus of Gela, De re coquinaria) and compares them with Anthimus’ recommendations. This allows the author to reconstruct the culinary techniques that Anthimus most probably proposed be applied in the preparation of hare meat.
The author concludes that Anthimus’ treatise is a clear example of the practical application of both dietetics and materia medica in culinary practices performed in the physician’s lifetime.
Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages
This paper presents a selected aspect of research conducted within the Gaugamela Project, which seeks to finally identify the location of one of the most important ancient battles: the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE). The aim of this study was to discover material remains of the Macedonian military camp on the Navkur Plain in Kurdish Iraq. For this purpose, three very high resolution satellite (VHRS) datasets from Pleiades and WorldView-2 were acquired and subjected to multi-variant image processing (development of different color composites, integration of multispectral and panchromatic images, use of principle component analysis transformation, use of vegetation indices). Documentation of photointerpretation was carried out through the vectorization of features/areas. Due to the character of the sought-after artifacts (remnants of a large enclosure), features were categorized into two types: linear features and areal features. As a result, 19 linear features and 2 areal features were found in the study area of the Mahad hills. However, only a few features fulfilled the expected geometric criteria (layout and size) and were subjected to field groundtruthing, which ended in negative results. It is concluded that no traces have been found that could be interpreted as remnants of an earthen enclosure capable of accommodating around 47,000 soldiers. Further research perspectives are also suggested.
The purpose of the article is to explain the methodological aspects of the source space in the 21st century exemplified by periodicals as the basis of historical research in the scope of ecological education in the Second Republic of Poland (1918-1939). In this context this article presents a scheme of the features of postmodern culture (the second half of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century) and examples of a dozen periodicals, which constitute a source basis for scientific research in the scope of educational history (both specific/ environmental and dedicated to the youth and children).
In recent years, the Catholic Church has been forced to change its attitude towards social communication and mass media. It has had to face not only religious but image challenges. Worldview matters, contemporary problems regarding the institution of marriage or pedophilia in the Church are constantly being debated in mass media, thus creating dangers in terms of critical public reception. This situation has also been occurring in Poland in recent years. The observed progress regarding opening the Church to media relations and the use of rich instruments of social communication have their reasons rooted not only in the history of the social and political events of the past several decades but also in the changes in the sphere of mass media and social communication. This article is an attempt to generate a peculiar typology of determinants regarding the development of social communication within the institutional church in Poland. Within our framework of methodological conditions, a literature query with available statistical analyses and observations of current events was applied. Our conclusions show the current attitude of the Catholic Church in Poland regarding issues related to the marketization of faith and the medialization of religion.
The author focuses on the history of the Polish scientific style. The Polish scientific style begun to evolve in the sixteenth century. Science is a vehicle for empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world. In the 16th century, many scholars believed that mathematics was the right tool for solving practical problems often faced by craftsmen and merchants. The first Polish texts on mathematics proposed a lecture about the basics of arithmetic and geometry. The author discusses the first scientific texts written in Polish, namely Algorithmus: To jest nauka Liczby: Polsk¹ rzecz¹ wydana (1538) (Algorithmus: This is the Science of Numbers: Published in the Polish Language) by Tomasz K³os, Algorytm (1553) (Algorithmus) by Bernard Wojewódka and Geometria, To jest Miernicka Nauka, po polsku krótko napisana z greckich i z ³aciñskich (Geometry, This is the science of Land Surveyors, briefly in the Polish Language written from Greek and Latin Books) (1566) by Stanis³aw Grzepski. The analysis of the language of science formation in the 16th century Poland shows that already in the early phase of its creation certain properties that characterize Polish modern academic discourse can be seen, namely bilingual communication, preference for specialist language, a rhetorical figure and the use of specific forms of the verb.
Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Tadeusz Wiśniewski
et al.
The geological reserve of Piekiełko (Tomaszów Lubelski district, Lublin voivodeship, Poland) was established in 1962 to protect the sandstone boulders untypical of this region. There are anthropogenic earthen ramparts in their immediate vicinity. The presence of the ramparts and boulders contributed to the recognition of this place as an archaeological site – an immovable archaeological monument. Owing to local legends and its peculiar folk name (Piekiełko means “little hell”), scientific monographs and heritage tourism have regarded Piekiełko as a prehistoric or medieval place of worship. However, despite the distinctive land relief and a prominent place in local tradition, Piekiełko has never been subject to in-depth archaeological research. As a result, we could only have speculated on the original function of the ramparts, their chronology, cultural affiliation, and potential relation to the boulders. This paper addresses the need to determine the history of Piekiełko and systematize the history of research concerning this place. It presents the results of interdisciplinary research using geological and archaeological methods, complemented by analysis of archival sources: written, cartographic, and iconographic.
Alicja Malina, Małgorzata Głogiewicz, Jakub Piotrowski
PurposeThe aim of the research project was to analyze the importance of supportive social interactions in the process of infertility treatment. The acceptance rates of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) in Poland are lower than in western European countries and the social stigma of infertility exists. The research project draws attention to the issue of disclosure of fertility problems and the ability to seek support in Polish couples.MethodsAn experimental study was conducted with 51 heterosexual couples who qualified for IVF. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental and control group. The first stage of the research procedure, with all the couples, was to extract a saliva (cortisol) sample as a biomarker for stress. In the second stage the control group viewed an informational (non-emotional) video about human embryology. The experimental group took part in a supportive social interaction process. In the supportive social interaction process, a maximum of five couples, were led through a broad general understanding of their IVF experience by an experienced group psychologist. The third stage of the research involved the second extraction of a saliva (cortisol) sample form all participants. In addition, demographic and medical history related to fertility was collected.ResultsThe statistical analysis indicates a significant decrease in the level of stress experienced after the supportive social interaction. The reported differences between the experimental group and the control group indicated a larger decrease of cortisol level for women and men.ConclusionIn the current study, the hypothesis that taking part in supportive social interaction significantly lowers stress levels (measured via cortisol) of infertile couples (men and women) was supported. Further the project indicates that a supportive social interaction has a beneficial effect on infertile couple’s health and well-being. The results of the study clearly point to the benefits of couples involved in infertility treatment to express and share their experience, and in doing so, provides measurable physiological and psychological benefits.
Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a genus of blowflies comprised largely of saprophagous and facultative parasites of livestock. Lucilia bufonivora, however, exhibits a unique form of obligate parasitism of amphibians, typically affecting wild hosts. The evolutionary route by which amphibian myiasis arose, however, is not well understood due to the low phylogenetic resolution in existing nuclear DNA phylogenies. Furthermore, the timing of when specificity for amphibian hosts arose in L. bufonivora is also unknown. In addition, this species was recently reported for the first time in North America (Canada) and, to date, no molecular studies have analysed the evolutionary relationships between individuals from Eastern and Western hemispheres. To provide broader insights into the evolution of the amphibian parasitic life history trait and to estimate when the trait first arose, a time-scaled phylogeny was inferred from a concatenated data set comprising mtDNA, nDNA and non-coding rDNA (COX1, per and ITS2 respectively). Specimens from Canada, the UK, Poland, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Germany were analysed, as well as individuals from its sister taxa, the saprophage Lucilia silvarum and a Nearctic species also implicated in amphibian myiasis, Lucilia elongata. Obligate amphibian parasitism appears to have arisen ~4 mya, likely as a result of niche displacement of a saprophagous/facultative parasite ancestor. Consistent paraphyly of L. bufonivora with respect to L. elongata across single-gene phylogenies and high mtDNA genetic distances between Nearctic and Palearctic individuals suggest on-going cryptic speciation facilitated by geographical isolation. These findings suggest that recent reports of L. bufonivora in the Nearctic do not constitute a recent introduction, but instead suggest that it remained unrecorded due to taxonomic confusion and low abundance. This is the first study to confirm the involvement of L. bufonivora in amphibian myiasis in Canada using DNA-based identification methods. Keywords: Obligate parasitism, Amphibian parasitism, Myiasis, Lucilia, Host specialisation, Blowfly
Public libraries for children have a special place in the history of Polish librarianship. For years they have been trying to adapt to the needs of an increasingly demanding readers of the digital age. Until early 90s of the 20<sup>th</sup> century little was mentioned in the national peer-reviewed literature about the presence of children aged 0–3 in libraries. Since then the situation has improved considerably. The article introduces the issue of services for the youngest children and their parents implemented in Polish libraries, characterizing both the history and the uniqueness of this age group in libraries of the world. It also presents results of research on availability and repertoire of services offered to children aged 0–3 in Polish libraries.
Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
The article assesses the prospects of the research on the population and family of the Kiev Voivodeship in the 18th century. The article has been based on the analysis of archival existing materials, which potentially might become a basis for such research (birth and death registers of various religions, censuses, state tax tables). The diversity and quantity of the research material makes it possible to work out detailed analytical methods. The second half of the century is especially rich in sources, and the condition of the existing materials allows a detailed analysis of the state and dynamics of changes in the population of the whole region at several points of time. Prospects of the research on the structure and size of the family and household of various social and ethnic groups seem promising. Among other things the materials concerning two censuses carried out by the Polish and Russian authorities have survived. In spite of the territorial and chronological incompatibility of the materials they offer many possibilities to analyse most of the potential research questions, especially the ones concerning the second half of the century.
History of Poland, Demography. Population. Vital events