Hasil untuk "General Works"

S. Freud

Mayar Nour, Atrisha Sarkar, Mohamed H. Zaki

Work zone navigation remains one of the most challenging manoeuvres for autonomous vehicles (AVs), where constrained geometries and unpredictable traffic patterns create a high-risk environment. Despite extensive research on AV trajectory planning, few studies address the decision-making required to navigate work zones safely. This paper proposes a novel game-theoretic framework for trajectory generation and control to enhance the safety of lane changes in a work zone environment. By modelling the lane change manoeuvre as a non-cooperative game between vehicles, we use a game-theoretic planner to generate trajectories that balance safety, progress, and traffic stability. The simulation results show that the proposed game-theoretic model reduces the frequency of conflicts by 35 percent and decreases the probability of high risk safety events compared to traditional vehicle behaviour planning models in safety-critical highway work-zone scenarios.

Setareh Beheshti, Iman Fakhr, saeed Majidi

Form is one of the most important and challenging concepts in music. Music scholars have long offered diverse interpretations and definitions of musical form, but the multiplicity of interpretations can sometimes lead to confusion and impede the attainment of a clear understanding of the structure of musical works. This is partly due to ‘reverse-engineering.’ When a compositional form is created, the composer may or may not be thinking primarily about structure.  The aesthetic message is at the forefront of the composer’s creative conscience followed by thematic phrases, the connective bridges, timbres of sound (orchestration) and most importantly artistic satisfaction.  Theoreticians get involved with a piece of music after it has been written, hence their point of view is an approximation of the composer’s intent.  Over the years, formal structure has become conclusive evidence for formal musical analysis, even though it is in the aftermath of the creative process.  This is the main reason why theories and examples are often hindered by exceptions and compromised by unique forms and structures. Over the years certain various analytical models have been widely accepted in order to highlight or emphasize certain structural elements in musical forms. The most common model is the sonata form which for the most part reflects the structural form of most repertoire from the mid-18th century up to the present.  But this model like others, only illuminates specific aspects of a musical structure, while overlooking compositional details that can stand to be further investigated. Therefore, conducting multifarious analyses on one musical structure can reveal more facets and result in a deeper understanding of the work. However, one must be aware that diversity in analytical perspectives can also lead to multiplicity and ambiguity in understanding musical structure, especially in the Romantic period. For this reason, Agawu, based on the archetypal tripartite structure of beginning, middle, and end, has proposed a theory for analyzing the structure of Romantic music. By simplifying the overall viewpoint of a musical form, Agawu allows for multiple persperctives or analysis to co-exist within one oeuvre.This qualitative research endeavors to apply Agawu's theory to provide a unified formulation of two different analytical approaches to the structure of Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto; a work whose structural innovations have been little studied. In this regard, using a descriptive-analytical method, the structure of the case study was analyzed using both the sonata form and arch form approaches, and it was determined which aspects of the structure were clarified by these approaches. Then, using Agawu's theory based on the two criteria of position and function, the structure of the case study was analyzed, and finally, two other analytical approaches were also formulated under Agawu's tripartite model to achieve a unified understanding of the different analytical models. By using a more general and simplified model, as suggested by Agawu, musicians and theoreticians are not limited to looking at a musical work with just one analysis.  By allowing mulitiple perspectives for interpretation and examination, a deeper understanding of the creative process can be achieved.

Kaito Watanabe, Ryuji Takagi

Evaluating the maximum amount of work extractable from a nanoscale quantum system is one of the central problems in quantum thermodynamics. Previous works identified the free energy of the input state as the optimal rate of extractable work under the crucial assumption: experimenters know the description of the given quantum state, which restricts the applicability to significantly limited settings. Here, we show that this optimal extractable work can be achieved without knowing the input states at all, removing the aforementioned fundamental operational restrictions. We achieve this by presenting a universal work extraction protocol, whose description does not depend on input states but nevertheless extracts work quantified by the free energy of the unknown input state. Remarkably, our result partially encompasses the case of infinite-dimensional systems, for which optimal extractable work has not been known even for the standard state-aware setting. Our results clarify that, in spite of the crucial difference between the state-aware and state-agnostic scenarios in accomplishing information-theoretic tasks, whether we are in possession of information on the given state does not influence the optimal performance of the asymptotic work extraction.

Shaolong Zeng, Qinyi Fu, Fazli Haleem et al.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine how economic development and stability are affected by carbon trading pilot programs. Using panel data from 31 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions between 2005 and 2021, two hypotheses were tested using the DID model. The findings indicate that (1) the carbon trading market pilot program has an immediate effect on economic stability. (2) High-quality economic development is positively and significantly impacted by the carbon trading market pilot program. Regional heterogeneity exists in the effects of carbon trading pilot programs on high-quality development and economic stability. The relationship between carbon trading pilot programs and economic development is not conclusive, despite the growing number of these policies. Given this, additional investigation into this connection is required. Understanding the results of carbon trading pilot programs can be used to gauge how successful these initiatives are. This research adds to the body of knowledge regarding the impact of the carbon trading pilot programs. It then makes policy recommendations that may serve as a guide for future “double carbon” research.

Larry Peñaranda-Gómez, Luz Ángela Borda-Santacruz, Angie Katherine Perafán-Jaramillo et al.

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Quinn Dombrowski, Tassie Gniady, David Kloster

Jupyter Notebook fornece um ambiente onde você pode trabalhar com facilidade o seu código na linguagem Python. Esta lição descreve como instalar o software Jupyter Notebook, como executar e criar ficheiros para o Jupyter Notebook.

Natalia E. Krasnoshtanova

The article examines the impact of the processes of new industrial development of natural resources of the North on the socio-economic conditions and prospects for long-term development of municipal districts. Particular attention is paid to the problems of administrative management of these territories in the context of the concept of sustainable development, which is especially relevant for resource regions, since with all the benefits received by different actors, an economy based on exhaustible natural resources is limited in development and causes significant damage to the natural environment. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of administrative management in the areas of new industrial development, including the identification of problems and benefits of socio-economic development of Northern municipalities in the context of sustainable development. The research was carried out on the example of the territories of new industrial development of oil and gas resources in the North of the Irkutsk region. The article is based on the materials of field socio-geographical studies conducted in Katangskii, Kirenskii and Ust-Kutskii municipal districts in February and March 2022. The results of field research are supplemented with data from territorial statistics and materials from strategic planning documents, municipal programs, reports of administrations on the socio-economic development of the studied territories. Comparative geographical and statistical methods, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used in the work. It is revealed that the active development of the oil and gas industry in the Northern districts of the Irkutsk region has a positive effect on the dynamics of revenues of district budgets, but, nevertheless, they remain dependent on higher budget systems. The most effective formation of the revenue part of budgets in connection with industrial works is revealed in rural settlements in the territories of which hydrocarbons are extracted, despite the self-sufficiency of these local budgets, the formation of a stable base for long-term development of settlements is limited by the narrow powers of local administrations. As a result, a list of the main problems hindering the effective administrative management of the long-term socio-economic development of the northern municipalities at the local level has been formed.

Marília Duque, Adriana Lima de Oliveira

Dois projetos de otimização, promovidos globalmente, visam responder aos desafios da vida urbana na contemporaneidade. O primeiro é o das Cidades Inteligentes, estruturadas a partir de um aparato tecnológico e informacional que passa a mediar a gestão da cidade, seu consumo e eficiência. O segundo é o das Cidades Amigas do Idoso, estruturadas a partir de ambientes que visam capacitar o crescente contingente idoso para o envelhecimento ativo na cidade. Moldados em um sistema neoliberal, ambos os projetos se apresentam como instâncias emancipadoras do cidadão para o exercício de uma cidadania participativa. Este artigo propõe que as cidades inteligentes demandem novas competências para o envelhecimento ativo na cidade, resultando em desafios para as cidades amigas do idoso no que toca à exclusão e literacia digital. Situando essa discussão no contexto brasileiro, propomos que para os idosos nem um projeto nem outro se realiza integralmente. Entretanto, a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, mapeamos como um grupo de idosos de São Paulo constrói uma rede informacional própria, centrada no WhatsApp, que viabiliza instâncias participativas e de pertencimento a partir de uma perspectiva “de baixo”. É nesse descompasso entre projeto e experiência urbanos que apontamos para a emergência de uma cidade acidental, informal, mas inteligente e amiga do idoso.

Per R. Leikanger

Edward C. Tolman found reinforcement learning unsatisfactory for explaining intelligence and proposed a clear distinction between learning and behavior. Tolman's ideas on latent learning and cognitive maps eventually led to what is now known as conceptual space, a geometric representation where concepts and ideas can form points or shapes.Active navigation between ideas - reasoning - can be expressed directly as purposive navigation in conceptual space. Assimilating the theory of conceptual space from modern neuroscience, we propose autonomous navigation as a valid approach for emulated cognition. However, achieving autonomous navigation in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces is not trivial in technology. In this work, we explore whether neoRL navigation is up for the task; adopting Kaelbling's concerns for efficient robot navigation, we test whether the neoRL approach is general across navigational modalities, compositional across considerations of experience, and effective when learning in multiple Euclidean dimensions. We find neoRL learning to be more resemblant of biological learning than of RL in AI, and propose neoRL navigation of conceptual space as a plausible new path toward emulated cognition.

Kazuki Naganuma, Shunsuke Ono

Removing stripe noise, i.e., destriping, from remote sensing images is an essential task in terms of visual quality and subsequent processing. Most existing destriping methods are designed by combining a particular image regularization with a stripe noise characterization that cooperates with the regularization, which precludes us to examine and activate different regularizations to adapt to various target images. To resolve this, two requirements need to be considered: a general framework that can handle a variety of image regularizations in destriping, and a strong stripe noise characterization that can consistently capture the nature of stripe noise, regardless of the choice of image regularization. To this end, this paper proposes a general destriping framework using a newly-introduced stripe noise characterization, named flatness constraint, where we can handle various regularization functions in a unified manner. Specifically, we formulate the destriping problem as a nonsmooth convex optimization problem involving a general form of image regularization and the flatness constraint. The constraint mathematically models that the intensity of each stripe is constant along one direction, resulting in a strong characterization of stripe noise. For solving the optimization problem, we also develop an efficient algorithm based on a diagonally preconditioned primal-dual splitting algorithm (DP-PDS), which can automatically adjust the stepsizes. The effectiveness of our framework is demonstrated through destriping experiments, where we comprehensively compare combinations of a variety of image regularizations and stripe noise characterizations using hyperspectral images (HSI) and infrared (IR) videos.

Carlos Javier Frías Sánchez

El concepto “reflexión” implica individualidad y cultura. Por ello, llegar a acuerdos de mínimos en aspectos cruciales de la realidad exige un relativo esfuerzo de abstracción y de comprensión de lo diferente, particularmente si analizamos el pensamiento de pueblos que nos son lejanos.Las filosofías orientales siguen siendo extrañas al pensamiento occidental generalizado. Sus principios rectores se vierten en un estilo de moral distinta. El cambio, dicho en abstracto, se percibe peligroso en un hemisferio y como parte de la misma vida en el otro.En este contexto, “pensar la guerra” debe sufrir o sufre los mismos contrastes.De descubrir sus peculiaridades va este trabajo de análisis.En nuestros días, los chinos, por ejemplo, siguen sintiendo internamente el orden del universo de raíz milenaria, budista, confucionista. La efervescencia cultural que significó la revolución comunista, aunque afectó las relaciones sociales, no pudo eliminar la ancestral inclinación de este pueblo hacia la armonía y el orden celestial. Siguen pensando la guerra en forma muy similar a sus clásicos eternos.

Volodymyr Velychko, Dmytro Prunenko, Evgeniy Grytskov

It is proved that at the present stage of economic transformation, the problem of ensuring the effectiveness of interaction with stakeholders, which affect all areas of business entities is exacerbated. The cooperation of stakeholders to ensure corporate social responsibility at construction enterprises is of particular importance and requires solving the problems of the formation and implementation of corporate social responsibility in the system of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises. As a result of the analysis of existing scientific and methodological works, the need for the formation and implementation of corporate social responsibility in construction enterprises is determined, considering the peculiarities of interaction with stakeholders. The aim of the study is the formation of measures for the creation and implementation of corporate social responsibility at construction enterprises, considering the areas of interaction with stakeholders. The article solves the tasks of identifying stakeholders interacting with construction enterprises, substantiating theoretical approaches to determining corporate social responsibility of construction enterprises, assessing the level of influence of corporate social responsibility on the functioning of construction enterprises, taking into account the peculiarities of interaction with stakeholders . The indicators that form corporate social responsibility are identified, and the corresponding integral indicator is evaluated, which allows us to create a quantitative basis for making informed management decisions. The necessity of developing measures to increase the efficiency of the formation and use of corporate social responsibility at construction enterprises is established. The subject of the study is corporate social responsibility in the system of stakeholder relations of construction companies. The formation of the research methodology is based on the definition of stakeholders and corporate social responsibility, the use of classification (to form and determine stakeholder factors affecting corporate social responsibility of construction companies), analytical and expert evaluation method (to assess the general criterion of stakeholders' impact on corporate social responsibility construction companies). The purpose of the study is to form a quantitative basis for making sound management decisions on the formation and use of corporate social responsibility in the system of stakeholder relations of construction companies. The result of the study is to determine the directions and features of increasing the effectiveness of the formation and use of corporate social responsibility in construction companies in the system of stakeholder relations, which are developed based on the results of assessing the generalized criterion of stakeholder interaction on corporate social responsibility.

L. A. Goldobina, P. A. Demenkov, O. V. Trushko

When constructing buildings and structures for industrial and civil purposes, it is important to ensure safe working conditions for the tower crane operator and contractors of construction and installation works on the construction site, since these conditions largely determine the performance of the tower crane and the pace of construction in general. Accidents associated with the use of lifting equipment in construction often lead not only to injuries and death within the construction industry, but also affect passers-by who find themselves in the danger zone due to the non- compliance of the construction organization project with the requirements of existing codes of rules containing requirements for labor protection and industrial safety in construction. The article analyzes the causes of accidents in construction that result from the operation of tower cranes, as well as ways to ensure their reliable and safeoperation. The theoretical substantiation and engineering and technical solutions of safety during construction and installation works during the construction of objects due to the improvement of the design of the tower crane cabin and its equipment are offered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of sensorimotor activity of the operator of the construction machine, which are the basis for engineering solutions developed at the level of inventions of tower cranes cabins of increased visibility and their equipment, are presented.

Renata Jora

In general relativity the fermions are treated from the perspective of the gauged Lorentz group and by introducing the corresponding gauge fields the spin connection. This procedure is intimately related to the so-called "vielbein" formalism and stems from the general structure that can be associated to a manifold, the affine connection. In this work we derive the correct spin connection based only on the general covariance of the theory, on the gauged Lorentz symmetry and on the known space-time properties of fermion bilinears generalized to the curved space. Our result coincides exactly with the spin connection obtain through the tetrad formalism.

Peter O. Hess

A review will be presented on the algebraic extension of the standard Theory of Relativity (GR) to the pseudo-complex formulation (pc-GR). The pc-GR predicts the existence of a dark energy outside and inside the mass distribution, corresponding to a modification of the GR- metric. The structure of the emission profile of an accretion disc changes also inside a star. Discussed are the consequences of the dark energy for cosmological models, permitting different outcomes on the evolution of the universe.

V. Kaufmann

J. A. Aragón-Correa, Inmaculada Martín-Tapia, J. M. de la Torre-Ruiz

Michael Tsamparlis, Andronikos Paliathanasis

We develop a generic spacetime model in General Relativity which can be used to build any gravitational model within General Relativity. The generic model uses two types of assumptions: (a) Geometric assumptions additional to the inherent geometric identities of the Riemannian geometry of spacetime and (b) Assumptions defining a class of observers by means of their 4-velocity $u^{a}$ which is a unit timelike vector field. The geometric assumptions as a rule concern symmetry assumptions (the so called collineations). The latter introduces the 1+3 decomposition of tensor fields in spacetime. The 1+3 decomposition results in two major results. The 1+3 decomposition of $u_{a;b}$ defines the kinematic variables of the model (expansion, rotation, shear and 4-acceleration) and defines the kinematics of the gravitational model. The 1+3 decomposition of the energy momentum tensor representing all gravitating matter introduces the dynamic variables of the model (energy density, the isotropic pressure, the momentum transfer or heat flux vector and the traceless tensor of the anisotropic pressure) as measured by the defined observers and define the dynamics of he model. The symmetries assumed by the model act as constraints on both the kinematical and the dynamical variables of the model. As a second further development of the generic model we assume that in addition to the 4-velocity of the observers $u_{a}$ there exists a second universal vector field $n_{a}$ in spacetime so that one has a so called double congruence $(u_{a},n_{a})$ which can be used to define the 1+1+2 decomposition of tensor fields. The 1+1+2 decomposition leads to an extended kinematics concerning both fields building the double congruence and to a finer dynamics involving more physical variables.

P. D. Gujrati

The energy change dE_k for the kth microstate is erroneously equated with the external work done on the microstate. It ignores the ubiquitous internal energy change d_iW_k due to force imbalance between the internal and external forces. We show that this contribution is present even in a reversible process, which is a surprise. We show that the correct identification is dE_k=-dW_k, where dW_k is the generalized work done by the microstate. We prove that the thermodynamic average of the internal work gives dissipation and is not captured by the external work. The latter effectively sets d_iW_k =0 and results in no dissipation. Using dW_k to account for irreversibility, we obtain a new work relation that works even for free expansion, where the Jarzynski equality fails. In the new work relation, dW_k depends only on the energies of the initial and final states and not on the actual process. This makes the new relation very different from the Jarzynski equality. The correction has far-reaching consequences and requires reassessment of current applications of external work in theoretical physics.