Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Paweł Dziekański, Małgorzata Bogusz , Krzysztof Jan Klęczar et al.

The purpose of the article is to analyse contemporary challenges related to the quality of life, taking into account the changing infrastructure, the state of the environment, and their interdependence. A key aspect of the study is to analyse the differences between the various municipalities of the Świętokrzyskie region. The article presents the results using synthetic measure analysis (based on logarithmic functions). The results of the study are based on data across the years 2010, 2021, and 2022. The analysis of municipalities in the Świętokrzyskie region revealed significant disparities in quality of life, infrastructure, and environmental conditions, indicating unequal access and development barriers. Despite the non-linear development of quality of life and infrastructure, as well as complex environmental dynamics, persistent regional inequalities remain evident. These disparities highlight the need to enhance investment, strengthen environmental protection, and foster inter-municipal cooperation to support weaker municipalities.  Improving infrastructure and the environment affects the health, recreation, and socio-ecological stability of residents, increasing the region's investment and demographic attractiveness.

Maciej Bartold, Marcin Kluczek, Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zielińska

Land cover change is a critical aspect of global environmental dynamics, influencing ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate change. This study presents an automated approach for updating land cover maps across Europe, combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery within the Copernicus framework. The application utilises machine learning algorithms to categorise land cover changes into classes such as no change, retained/reclassified, deurbanisation, afforestation, and urbanisation. Case studies in Poland, Greece, and Italy demonstrate the application's effectiveness, revealing the impact of motorway construction, afforestation efforts, and rapid urbanisation. Overall accuracy rates ranged from 68% to 95%, emphasising the reliability of the methodology. The open-source application, implemented in Python Jupyter and Voila, provides a user-friendly platform for researchers and stakeholders to monitor and analyse land cover changes, supporting informed decision-making for sustainable land management and conservation efforts. This study contributes valuable insights to understanding and addressing the environmental consequences of land cover changes in diverse geographical contexts.

Ratchapan Karapan, Korawan Sangkakorn, Sansanee Krajangchom et al.

This study investigates how to enhance creative tourism in Lampang, Thailand. The research integrates SWOT analysis and the TOWS matrix, using the horse carriage tradition as a case study. A qualitative methodology was employed, incorporating secondary data and fieldwork from May 2024 to October 2024. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, focus groups, workshops, and participatory observation involving 10 key opinion leaders from diverse stakeholder groups. The SWOT analysis revealed robust historical continuity, significant organisational capacity, and high operational expertise as key internal strengths. Conversely, challenges such as an ageing workforce and the risk of knowledge loss were identified as critical internal weaknesses. In addition, the analysis elucidated a range of external opportunities and threats that further contextualise the strategic environment. These findings contributed to developing a TOWS matrix, which resulted in eight actionable strategic recommendations: Utilising heritage for branding and marketing, educational expansion, enhancing tourist experience through safety and education, maintenance and sustainability initiatives, youth engagement and workforce development, lowering costs for residents, knowledge preservation and documentation, and improving compliance and regulation, respectively. The integrated heritage branding approach demonstrates that aligning traditional cultural assets with modern strategic frameworks facilitates sustainable tourism development. This study contributes to the literature by providing a replicable model for balancing cultural preservation with economic growth in creative tourism.

Nacer Mebrek, Bilal Louail, Siham Riache

This study explores the impact of trade openness and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in the MENA region, providing new insights through the Panel ARDL regression. It aids policymakers in balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. The study employs a Panel ARDL regression model to analyse the dynamic relationship between trade openness, FDI, and CO2 emissions. The study finds robust long-run relationships between Trade Openness, FDI, electricity uses and CO2 emissions, while trade openness reduces emissions. Short-run coefficients vary, with electricity use and growth significantly increasing emissions. The Error Correction Term confirms equilibrium restoration, with 23% of deviations corrected annually. FDI-driven industrial activities and fossil fuel reliance are key contributors to emissions, highlighting the need for cleaner energy sources and stricter environmental policies to mitigate climate impact. The findings guide policymakers in balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability, emphasising the need for cleaner industries, stricter regulations, and investment in renewable energy to reduce CO2 emissions in the MENA region. This study adds value by providing new empirical evidence on the dynamic impact of FDI, trade openness, and economic factors on CO2 emissions in the MENA region using the robust Panel ARDL model.

Marcelo S. Tedesco, Gonzalo Marquez

Persistent economic competition is often justified as a mechanism of innovation, efficiency, and welfare maximization. Yet empirical evidence across disciplines reveals that competition systematically generates fragility, inequality, and ecological degradation, emergent outcomes not of isolated failures but of underlying systemic dynamics. This work reconceptualizes economic ecosystems as real complex adaptive systems, structurally isomorphic with biological and social ecosystems. Integrating complexity science, evolutionary biology, ecology, and economic and business theory, we classify economic interactions according to their systemic effects and propose a theoretical model of ecosystemic equilibrium based on the predominance of beneficial versus non-beneficial relationships. Recognizing economies as ecologically embedded and structurally interdependent systems provides a novel framework for analyzing systemic resilience, reframing competition as a non-beneficial mechanism.

Marek Bugdol, Tadeusz Borys, Daniel Puciato

Global climate threats require changes in behaviour and lifestyles to promote sustainable consumption and production. This is particularly true for business organisations and may involve the adoption of practices based on environmental virtues. While the literature on environmental virtues is extensive, there is a general lack of studies on the application of virtues in management and business. One of the main objectives of this article is to identify environmental virtues that can be linked to the activities of organisations. The main research methods were diagnostic and comparative analysis, as well as a review of relevant literature. The reviewed studies show that the main virtues that define a person's emotional attitude towards the natural environment are an open-ended curiosity that generates intellectual capital (knowledge), persistence and perseverance, courage, humility, friendship, respect, justice, care, gratitude, compassion and mercy, and trust and confidence. These virtues should constitute the organisational values of sustainable organisations, serve as the axiological basis of their flourishing and functional strategies (e.g. ESG), and be evident in systems, methods and processes, as well as in management tools such as codes of ethics.

Agnieszka Kaszuba, Adam Przybyłowski, Michał Kuzia

Urban mobility planning is one of the key elements in building a sustainable future. Strategic management of urban transport traffic not only reduces congestion and minimises the negative impact on the environment but also positively affects the improvement of residents' quality of life. Furthermore, following the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive approved by the European Union in 2023, companies are obliged to submit annual reports on their environmental impact. One of its elements is the calculation of the organization's carbon footprint, which includes emissions caused by means of transport, including emissions from commuting to work. This case study investigates the impact of transport accessibility on employee preferences and behaviour in the context of changing the premises location, using the example of the Maritime Institute of Gdynia Maritime University (GMU), located at the newly opened Offshore Center in Gdansk seaport. The research hypothesis states that the relocation to new premises with limited transport accessibility may, as a consequence, influence the choice of commuting transportation methods among employees, potentially leading to a shift towards less sustainable means of transport. The results of the research survey prove that there is a complex interconnection between transport accessibility, commuting behaviours, and sustainable mobility initiatives. This pilot study aims to contribute to urban mobility planning by exploring how to transport accessibility influences employee behaviour and by proposing strategies to improve commuting conditions and promote more sustainable solutions.

Macavilca Tello Bartolome, Kevin Fernandez, Oscar Cutipa-Luque et al.

This study explores the dynamic relationship between corruption and economic growth through an approach based on a system of stochastic equations. In the context of globalization and economic interdependencies, corruption not only affects investment and distorts markets, but it can also, under certain conditions, temporarily boost economic activity. Using data from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), we implement a time-series-based model to capture the interactions between these two variables. Through a coupled vector autoregressive equations system, our model identifies patterns of interdependence between economic fluctuations and perceptions of corruption at a global level. Employing graph theory and Granger causality, we build a network of interconnections that illustrates how corruption dynamics in one country can influence economic growth and corruption perception in others. The results provide a robust tool for analyzing international political-economic relationships and can serve as a basis for designing policies that promote transparency and sustainable development.

Ivan Boldyrev

What are the effects of authoritarian regimes on scholarly research in economics? And how might economic theory survive ideological pressures? The article addresses these questions by focusing on the mathematization of economics over the past century and drawing on the history of Soviet science. Mathematics in the USSR remained internationally competitive and generated many ideas that were taken up and played important roles in economic theory. These same ideas, however, were disregarded or adopted only in piecemeal fashion by Soviet economists, despite the efforts of influential scholars to change the economic research agenda. The article draws this contrast into sharper focus by exploring the work of Soviet mathematicians in optimization, game theory, and probability theory that was used in Western economics. While the intellectual exchange across the Iron Curtain did help advance the formal modeling apparatus, economics could only thrive in an intellectually open environment absent under the Soviet rule.

Sepand Dyanatkar, Angran Li, Alexander Dungate

Climate change's destruction of marine biodiversity is threatening communities and economies around the world which rely on healthy oceans for their livelihoods. The challenge of applying computer vision to niche, real-world domains such as ocean conservation lies in the dynamic and diverse environments where traditional top-down learning struggle with long-tailed distributions, generalization, and domain transfer. Scalable species identification for ocean monitoring is particularly difficult due to the need to adapt models to new environments and identify rare or unseen species. To overcome these limitations, we propose leveraging bottom-up, open-domain learning frameworks as a resilient, scalable solution for image and video analysis in marine applications. Our preliminary demonstration uses pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) combined with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) as grounding, leaving the door open for numerous architectural, training and engineering optimizations. We validate this approach through a preliminary application in classifying fish from video onboard fishing vessels, demonstrating impressive emergent retrieval and prediction capabilities without domain-specific training or knowledge of the task itself.

A. V. Samokish, V. E. Egorushkin

We demonstrated the analogy between Economics and Gauge Theory of Plasticity and used it to describe the relationship between money supply and inflation at the economic market. The received equations of economical dynamics in phase space are similar to the plasticity equations and economic variables - choice, competition and profit correspond to the state of the market with inflation. We described the meaning of equations and the role of its variables in the stabilization mechanism of the market with inflation. The equation of market equilibrium including the Profit turnover, time changes of competition, capital and choice was discussed in detail.

Jerry Yan, Chinmay Talegaonkar, Nicholas Antipa et al.

We present an approach for pose and burial fraction estimation of debris field barrels found on the seabed in the Southern California San Pedro Basin. Our computational workflow leverages recent advances in foundation models for segmentation and a vision transformer-based approach to estimate the point cloud which defines the geometry of the barrel. We propose BarrelNet for estimating the 6-DOF pose and radius of buried barrels from the barrel point clouds as input. We train BarrelNet using synthetically generated barrel point clouds, and qualitatively demonstrate the potential of our approach using remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video footage of barrels found at a historic dump site. We compare our method to a traditional least squares fitting approach and show significant improvement according to our defined benchmarks.

Janina Kotlińska, Helena Żukowska

The aim of the study was to answer the question of to what extent it is possible in Poland to reach the target recycling rates and landfill of municipal waste by 2035 and build a circular economy model (CEM) by 2050. The authors will continue research in this area. In the article, the authors: 1) diagnose EU and Polish legislation in the given area, 2) review the literature with regard to the circular economy, 3) analyse municipal waste streams in Poland and present their forecasts for the period of Poland’s approach to the CEM. The data were taken from the public statistics and refer mainly to the period 2013-2021. The study used the method of literature analysis and legal regulations, as well as methods of descriptive analysis and linear extrapolation. The results obtained, albeit aggregated, suggest that it is possible to reach the EU-targeted recycling and landfill level for municipal waste in Poland by 2035 and the CEM by 2050.

Matthias Killer, Marius Wiggert, Hanna Krasowski et al.

Seaweed biomass presents a substantial opportunity for climate mitigation, yet to realize its potential, farming must be expanded to the vast open oceans. However, in the open ocean neither anchored farming nor floating farms with powerful engines are economically viable. Thus, a potential solution are farms that operate by going with the flow, utilizing minimal propulsion to strategically leverage beneficial ocean currents. In this work, we focus on low-power autonomous seaweed farms and design controllers that maximize seaweed growth by taking advantage of ocean currents. We first introduce a Dynamic Programming (DP) formulation to solve for the growth-optimal value function when the true currents are known. However, in reality only short-term imperfect forecasts with increasing uncertainty are available. Hence, we present three additional extensions. Firstly, we use frequent replanning to mitigate forecast errors. Second, to optimize for long-term growth, we extend the value function beyond the forecast horizon by estimating the expected future growth based on seasonal average currents. Lastly, we introduce a discounted finite-time DP formulation to account for the increasing uncertainty in future ocean current estimates. We empirically evaluate our approach with 30-day simulations of farms in realistic ocean conditions. Our method achieves 95.8\% of the best possible growth using only 5-day forecasts.This demonstrates that low-power propulsion is a promising method to operate autonomous seaweed farms in real-world conditions.

Agnieszka Sobol, Piotr Skubała

In the face of growing urbanised areas, the presence of forests and their appropriate shaping is a key challenge for contemporary urban planning. The importance of forests is largely identified with natural, economic and social functions in non-urban areas; however, forests are of vital value in urbanised areas. This article explores young Polish urbanites’ awareness of the role forests play, and submits diagnoses of the forests multidimensional benefits and their functions in Poland’s urban areas. Moreover, the research is based on the premise that the management of urban forests must ultimately lead to the satisfying of social needs. Based on empirical research, the perceptions of the value of urban forests as assessed by young people (students) in the Śląskie Voivodeship are presented, leading to the authors’ postulation that urban forests are underestimated resources. Furthermore, the study suggests that young Poles do not recognise the multi-beneficial aspects of urban forests; and the authors indicate feasible directions for local policy to achieve sustainable development. The final statements argue that in the face of serious threats to the functioning of Earth’s ecosystem, a campaign for the presence of forests and green spaces in cities is necessary.

Carlos Gracia-Lázaro, Fabio Dercole, Yamir Moreno

Economic unions are international agreements oriented to increase economic efficiency and establishing political and cultural ties between the member countries. Becoming a member of an existing union usually requires the approval of both the candidate and members, while leaving it may require only the unilateral will of the exiting country. There are many examples of accession of states to previously consolidated economic unions, and a recent example of leaving is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Motivated by the Brexit process, in this paper we propose an agent-based model to study the determinant factors driving withdrawals from an economic union. We show that both Union and local taxes promote the exits, whereas customs fees out of the Union boost cohesion. Furthermore, heterogeneity in both business conditions and wealth distribution promotes withdrawals, while countries' size diversity does not have a significant effect on them. We also deep into the individual causes that lead to dissatisfaction and, ultimately, to exits. We found that, for low Union taxes, the wealth inequality within the country is the leading cause of anti-Union opinion spreading. Conversely, for high Union taxes, the country's performance turns out to be the main driving force, resulting in a risk of wealthier countries leaving the Union. These findings will be helpful for the design of economic policies and effective informative campaigns.

Maria A. Shishanina, Anatoly A. Sidorov

The paper discusses the process of social and economic development of municipalities. A conclusion is made that developing an adequate model of social and economic development using conventional approaches presents a considerable challenge. It is proposed to use semantic modeling to represent the social and economic development of municipalities, and cognitive mapping to identify the set of connections that occur among indicators and that have a direct impact on social and economic development.

Ewa Ołdakowska

The development of the road network has a positive impact on a wide range of factors determining the efficient functioning of the state and the development of its regions. At the same time, it is an interference in environmental and agricultural space and a threat to landscape and cultural values. Protection of a very diversified natural environment means preservation, sustainable use, and restoration of resources, creations, and components of nature. Hence, the environmentally friendly design and construction of road investments should include passive and active environmental protection and compensation. All effective solutions from a wide range of “good practices” minimise or eliminate the negative environmental impacts. At the same time, all those activities leading to the creation of an environmentally friendly “green” road network are “economically” estimated in economic analyses. The main goal of this paper is to indicate the “simplified” valuation of the pro-ecological approach to road construction in the assessment of economic effectiveness on the example of the Polish section of the S8 expressway (especially within protected areas). The lack of valuation in the monetary value of potential benefits resulting from avoidance, prevention or mitigation, unfortunately, has an impact on the economic result of cost-benefit analysis.

Faruque Ahamed

This paper aims to study the impact of public and private investments on the economic growth of developing countries. The study uses the panel data of 39 developing countries covering the periods 1990-2019. The study was based on the neoclassical growth models or exogenous growth models state in which land, labor, capital accumulation, etc., and technology proved substantial for economic growth. The paper finds that public investment has a strong positive impact on economic growth than private investment. Gross capital formation, labor growth, and government final consumption expenditure were found significant in explaining the economic growth. Overall, both public and private investments are substantial for the economic growth and development of developing countries.

Dominick J. Ryan, Tyler D. Robinson

Stable surface liquid water is a key indicator of exoplanet habitability. However, few approaches exist for directly detecting oceans on potentially Earth-like exoplanets. In most cases, specular reflection of host starlight from surface bodies of water -- referred to as ocean glint -- proves to be an important aspect of liquids that can enable detection of habitable conditions. Here, we propose that spectral principal component analysis (PCA) applied to orbital phase-dependent observations of Earth-like exoplanets can provide a straightforward means of detecting ocean glint and, thus, habitability. Using high-fidelity, orbit-resolved spectral models of Earth, and for instrument capabilities applicable to proposed exo-Earth direct imaging concept missions, the extreme reddening effect of crescent-phase ocean glint is demonstrated as the primary spectral component that explains phase-dependent variability for orbital inclinations spanning 60--90 degrees. At smaller orbital inclinations where more-extreme crescent phases cannot be accessed, glint can still significantly increase planetary brightness but reddening effects are less pronounced and, as a result, glint is not plainly indicated by phase-dependent spectral PCA. Using instrument models for future exoplanet direct imaging mission concepts, we show that brightness enhancements due to glint could be detected across a wide range of orbital inclinations with typical exposure times measured in hours to weeks, depending on system distance and mission architecture. Thus, brightness increases due to glint are potentially detectable for Earth-like exoplanets for most system inclinations and phase-dependent spectral PCA could indicate reddening due to glint for a subset of these inclinations.