This article provides an analysis of “tech-on-climate discourse,” understood as all textual and visual materials through which major North American tech companies position themselves in relation to the climate crisis, published between 2019 and 2024. This public-facing tech-on-climate discourse includes sustainability reports, web pages, advertising, and online tools and projects. The article examines this discourse by focusing on three case studies: Amazon's Climate Pledge , Apple's Carbon Neutral campaign, and Microsoft's AI for Good and Planetary Computer programs. The cases are all designed in relation to the companies’ mission to become “carbon neutral,” each taking a different approach. Through a close analysis of these campaigns, I discuss four legitimization strategies that allow for the justification of what I call “green platform capitalism.” These strategies are expressions of an ecomodernist worldview in which economic growth is decoupled from ecological well-being and in which innovative techno-fixes make Silicon Valley a central environmental agent. This worldview (1) frames Earth as a datafied planet, (2) naturalizes digital technologies, and (3) imagines a singular “humanity” modelled after the white, male entrepreneur. In sum, tech-on-climate discourse forwards the story that with the right technological innovations and corporate interventions, Earth and life on it can be saved from the climate crisis without making changes to the operations of Big Tech beyond their own proposals, or societies at large. I position this techno-optimistic narrative within ongoing “tech-for-good” and “green AI” debates, of which the orientations are reconfigured vis-à-vis ongoing political changes in the US, and elsewhere.
Hussein Saber Hussein, Kaveh Bahmanpour, Mohammad Fathi
et al.
Background: Critical thinking has emerged as a vital competency for effective decision-making in healthcare management, yet its conceptualization and application within culturally specific contexts remain insufficiently explored. In this qualitative study, we seek to conceptualize critical thinking within the context of Iranian healthcare management. Methods: In 2023, through conventional content analysis of semi-structured individual interviews with 17 healthcare managers from diverse roles and institutions in Sanandaj, Iran, we tried to identify key components of critical thinking within the Iranian healthcare context. The interviews lasted from 45 to 60 minutes. MAXQDA 2020 was used to manage the data. Results: From the viewpoints of our participants, the concept of critical thinking in healthcare settings means Strategic organizational awareness, Adaptive leadership & staff-centered management, Structured decision-making, Operational oversight and collaboration, and Learning and professional development. Conclusion: Our study provided a contextually grounded understanding of critical thinking among Iranian healthcare managers. Findings may be contributed to both theoretical and practical discourse on managerial competence in healthcare, potentially offering transferable insights for comparable global contexts. The findings can inform policy formulation, enhance professional training programs, and shape leadership strategies specific to Iran’s healthcare system.
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Public aspects of medicine
Emad Noaime, Chaham Alalouch, Abdelhakim Mesloub
et al.
This study investigates the role of urban centrality in shaping urban form and function, with a specific focus on the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia as a representative case. Urban centrality—defined as the spatial and functional concentration of economic, social, and cultural activities—plays a critical role in determining the vibrancy, resilience, and adaptability of cities. Through a mixed-methods approach combining spatial analysis, field observations, and stakeholder insights, this research explores the dynamics of Hail’s central areas, examining how they navigate the tension between preserving historical identity and accommodating contemporary urban growth. The findings reveal that successful urban centrality requires a balanced integration of heritage conservation, economic diversification, and spatial accessibility, supported by inclusive governance and strategic infrastructure investments. The study highlights both the challenges and opportunities associated with the evolution of central urban spaces, particularly in medium-sized cities experiencing rapid socio-economic and spatial transformations, defined in this study as urban regions undergoing annual population growth rates exceeding 3% and substantial changes in land-use, infrastructure development, and governance structures within a decade. By providing actionable insights into the interplay between permanence and change, this research contributes to the broader discourse on urban resilience and sustainable development, offering practical guidance for planners and policymakers aiming to cultivate adaptive and inclusive urban environments capable of responding to future challenges.
The study examines Left Detached (LD) structures (Left Dislocation and Hanging Topics) in a corpus of natural interaction in Anal Naga (Trans-Himalayan, India; ISO 639-3:anm) in the multimodal interactional framework. Instead of following the pre-empirical assumption that LD-structures form a syntactic construction, the study demonstrates that they are instantiations of a broader phenomenon of “detached NPs”. These are NPs which initiate a new syntactic structure and terminate the Intonation Unit. The study argues that such NPs constitute a separate move in interaction which achieves local goals while the continuation is not yet planned, as is evidenced by prosody, gaze, and co-gesture. There are two frequent scenarios where detached NPs occur: (i) turn-taking, where the detached constituent serves as the locus of securing the floor or for a search of a new recipient, and (2) local moves that align the joint attention at a new referent or maintain the attention at an active referent. LD-structures do not form a separate group within these examples with respect to their function, usage, and frequency. As such, they are occasional compositional collocations of a detached NP and a clause. The apparent topical effects associated with LD-structures require no concept of topicality but are vague interpretive effects epiphenomenal of the general factors of attention and relevance and observed only in static retrospective examination. They are unneeded for the analysis and irrelevant for the dynamic planning and processing of interactional discourse.
Yuliana Jetia Moon, I Nyoman Sudiana, I Nengah Suandi
et al.
This article aims to examine how power relations between men and women are portrayed in the lyrics of Eastern Indonesian songs and how the positions of the subject, object, and reader are constructed through Sara Mills' model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This study also explores the pedagogical potential of utilizing song lyrics in Indonesian language learning based on critical literacy. This study used a qualitative method with documentation techniques applied to four popular song lyrics performed by male and female singers, selected based on regional distribution and number of views. The analysis was conducted by identifying subject–object positions, language strategies, and ideological content within the lyrics. The findings show that women are often represented as social or sexual objects in lyrics sung by men; however, in several songs, women appear as active subjects who express their own will. Gender power relations are revealed through diction choices, sentence structures, and emotional language styles. This study also indicates that Eastern Indonesian song lyrics have the potential to be used as contextual, reflective, and relevant learning texts to develop social awareness and critical thinking skills in Indonesian language classrooms.
Francisca Pulido Valente, Ana Carolina Baptista, Bárbara S. Vieira
Introduction: In Portugal, the alcohol industry (AI) engages in corporate political activity, influencing decision-making and potentially obstructing the implementation of evidence-based alcohol policies, such as higher taxes, stricter advertising laws, and mandatory warning labels on all alcoholic beverages. Yet, no research has been conducted specifically on the industry’s corporate social responsibility activities (CSR), which can also hinder the implementation of these cost-effective policies while serving as a means for nurturing its reputation. Methods: This study addresses this gap by examining the CSR practices of ten AI actors in Portugal. Through qualitative content analysis, data collected from their websites was categorized based on an adapted framework considering seven CSR categories. Results: The results revealed CSR practices across all categories, with corporate philanthropy and alcohol information provision and education accounting for 65% of the analyzed data. The findings highlight potential conflicts between the public health initiatives of AI in Portugal and its profit-driven objectives. Conclusion: CSR activities undermine health protection and alcohol harm prevention efforts by promoting a dubious discourse about an undeniably harmful substance. The present study recommends considering vigilant monitoring, regulation, or even the ban on CSR practices of AI in Portugal.
This article aims to achieve an experiential study of cinematic representations of females in Chinese films through quantitative narrative analysis. Applied to a census of 360 Chinese films across various genres produced across 18 years (2001–2018) systematically selected on Mtime, we ask to what extent female characters in Chinese films are empowered? How is their power exercised? And what socio-cultural implications can be detected from the cinematic representations of women in the contemporary Chinese gender discourse? We aim to fill in the gap in Chinese cinema studies in which most scholarships focused on pre-2000 works, adopted qualitative textual and narrative analysis to interpret the representations of women in a particular genre or in typical cases, leaving the quantitative approach, particularly focusing on the post-2000 films, all but absent. We develop a systematic set of typologies, including 4 major power-level categories (power-over, power-to, power-with, and no-power) and 12 deuterogenic ones, which can be applied for future research on Chinese film and media studies. While women’s career success has been articulated with empowerment, independence, subjectivity, and ambition in the neoliberal rhetoric, our research reflects a more intricate relationship between cultural representations of women and power in contemporary Chinese films.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
The Garces model is a significant theory in the field of linguistics that focuses on the qualitative examination of translated literary works to assess the quality of translations. This approach assesses translations according to two criteria: acceptability and appropriateness. It evaluates positive and negative attributes at four different levels. The initial level of this theory focuses on analyzing the components associated with vocabulary and the transmission of meaning via language. The second level involves the analysis of syntactic and morphological components, while the third and fourth levels focus on evaluating discourse and text style. Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur’s Mantiq Al-Tair is highly esteemed Persian mystical poetry that has been translated into other languages. Currently, Dr. Badi’ MohammadJomeh’s translation, which he conducted at Ain Shams University, is the most thorough of these translations. Furthermore, Mohammad Jomeh’s original translation of Mantiq Al-Tair by Attar has been praised for its self-worth in conveying the logic and invaluable ideas of the author to the Arab world. The translation is particularly notable for its precision, conciseness, eloquence, and literary highlights. As a result, it has been subjected to examination and evaluation using the Garces model and its four levels. The research findings suggest that the translator has faithfully followed the source language in the mentioned translation. Furthermore, the translation demonstrates greater acceptability and adequacy in terms of lexical and syntactic-morphological meaning compared to the other two levels. The translator's proficiency is particularly evident at these two levels. He has employed a greater number of constructive methods. However, the translation being examined has prominently featured negative tactics at two levels of discourse: functional and stylistic-semantic. This might be attributed to the choice of content for translation, specifically mystical systems. Despite incorporating culturally similar parts, the elevation of Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh’s translation can be attributed to lexical expansion, compensation, and changes in syntax and structure.Keywords: Translation Criticism, Literary translation, Mantiq Al-Tair, ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur, Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh, Carmen Garces.IntroductionMantiq Al-Tair is a highly significant oriental text that has beentranslated into various languages. Dr. Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh, anesteemed professor specializing in oriental studies at Ain ShamsUniversity, has successfully rendered a full translation of this work into the Arabic language. Evaluating the translation is vital to ensuring its accuracy, utilizing various translation principles and approaches. Translation criticism serves as a crucial connection between translation theory and translation practice. Garces's theory is a significant destination-oriented theory that consists of four stages. Due to its complete nature, it can serve as an effective model for assessing the quality of translations, particularly in the context of literary translated works, in terms of their acceptability and adequacy. This essay aims to assess the Arabic translation of Mantiq Al-Tair by Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh using Garces' methodology, employing an analytical-descriptive approach.Literature ReviewSome significant research has been conducted in the field of translation criticism, specifically regarding the translation of Mantiq Al-Tair and the application of the Garces model. Notable articles include "Mantiq Al-Tair of Attar in Lebanon (criticism on the research and translation of the Arabic Mantiq Al-Tair)" (1383) by Nik Manesh, "Criticism and review of the Persian translation of the novel Qalb al-Lil with the title Del Shab based on the model of Garces" (1396) by Ali Sayadani et al., "Lexual criticism of the translation of Sheikh Abdulhaq Mohadath Dehlavi from Fatuh al-Ghayb based on the semantic level - Garces Lexicon" (1400) by Bidkhoni and AghHosseini, "Hermeneutic view of the French translation of somemystical words of Al- Mantiq Al-Tair based on the opinions of Umberto Eco" (1400) by Moghaddam and Akrami Fard company, and "Study in Translation Al-Arabiya for the Mantiq Al-Tair" (2006) by Nadi Hassoun.It is evident that the Arabic translation of Mantiq Al-Tair has not been systematically and critically evaluated using translation criticism theories. Furthermore, the studies based on Garces theory are restricted to the translation of novels and fictional works, and despite the potential of Garces theory to assess the translation of poetic texts, no research has been conducted thus far to critique and evaluate text translations using this theory. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the acceptability and sufficiency of the planned translation by listing the favorable and unfavorable characteristics.Research MethodologyGarces theory is a comprehensive model used to assess literary writings. It goes beyond just the translation of words and phrases and takes into account four different levels. The Garces model is widely regarded as a prominent model for evaluating the translation of literary texts. The increasing adoption of this approach by scholars in recent years demonstrates its favorable standing among translation critics. This paradigm operates on the notion of parity between the source and destination texts. According to Garces, the source text and the translation should aim for maximum equivalence on all four levels. The four layers are: semantic-lexical, syntactic-morphological, discourse-role, and stylistic-intentional.ConclusionMantiq Al-Tair is a significant spiritual poem in Persian poetry and literature that has been translated into other languages. This essay critically evaluates the Arabic translation of . Badi’ Mohammad Jomeh’s Mantiq Al-Tair, using the Garces model as a framework for analysis. Upon evaluating this translation using the four levels of the Garces model, it was concluded that the translation being examined is in the original language. Out of the four levels in the Garces model, this translation demonstrates a higher level of conformity with the semantic-lexical level compared to the other three levels. The subgroups that have emerged in this translation at this level include assimilation, lexical expansion, lexical account, general and specific, definition and explanation, cultural equivalent, and syntactic expansion. At this stage, the translator has employed constructive methods with the exception of one instance (lexical explanation). Out of the subcategories stated, lexical expansion and lexical account are more frequent in this translation.The translation examines modifications in syntax or structure, alterations in viewpoint, compensation, implications, and the elimination of subsets at the syntactic-morphological level. Among these modifications, the change of syntax or structure is particularly prominent in this translation. In addition to implication and omission, which are negative strategies at this level, the translator has employed positive techniques. All subcategories within the two levels of discourse—functional and stylistic-semantic—are seen asnegative strategies. The most common ones are the translator's mistake and changing the function of rhetorical devices.
This article is devoted to the consideration of the titles of modern German-language novels after 1989, expressed by a substantive phrase, from the standpoint of structural analysis. The purpose of the study is to identify lexical-pragmatic potential of the most frequent models of titles. The phrase in the process of speech is not reproduced in its entirety, but is constructed by the speaker in the process of speech. This allows us to treat the phrase as a free lexical unit. The relationship between the components of a phrase is characterized by greater freedom than the relationship between the components of a compound word. This freedom is expressed in the possibility of replacing each full-valued word as part of a phrase with another word of the same class without losing the grammatical essence of the phrase. However, such grammatical unlimited compatibility is opposed to the limitations in lexical compatibility of words. In this regard, phrases differ from phraseologisms, which are characterized by lexical and grammatical idiomatic. The semantic integrity of the phrase is manifested in the semantic gravitation of the components towards each other. The presence in the phrase of the organizing core and its subordinate component confirms the thesis about the structural closure of the phrase. The relevance of this study is due to the special status of the phrase in the grammar of the German language and the rich pragmatic potential for creating successful communication between the author and the reader of novel literature. The results of the study revealed the characteristic features of the titles of the above type and identified a group of titles with greater intertextuality for further study.
This article offers to analyse how phenomena of gay discursive marginalisation and resistance in the intrafictional context of late 1970s Mexico manifest in the novel Fruta verde. The novel’s polyphonic narrative allows a glimpse at the variability of the notion of sexual norm and questions the legitimacy of an ideological centre unequivocally valorising reproductive heterosexuality and casting any divergent sexual or gender expression outside the boundary of human experience. In accordance with the dialogical form of the novel, the analysis shall focus first on the characteristics and mechanism of homophobic discourse conveyed by the voice of the mother who embodies family as an institution and the straight mind, then on the capacity of the stigmatised gay community to react and resist. It shall eventually consider the doubly dissenting character of Germán, whose position is intermediary, neither central nor marginal, and who rejects any notion of gender and sexual fixity.
Departing from the well-known ontological parallel between the pointing gesture on the one hand, and linguistic deixis on the other, in this paper we analyse the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of the deictic terms ‘here’ in English, ‘hier’ in German and ‘ovdje’ in Croatian. We systematize the different usages of these terms – both intra- and cross-linguistically – and propose a reading of the semantics of the proximal deictic element for 'linguistic spatial location', which – as our analysis shows – ranges from the pure spatial locational function, via a temporal – more generally metaphorical segment - all the way to a series of discourse functions. We observe that the universality of usage patterns that is found at the spatial, and even spatio-temporal level, can still be found – albeit to a lesser degree – at the discourse level. What seems to be maintained at all levels is the primacy of the proximal segment in terms of referential prominence. We thus conclude that what physical proximity is in the spatial sense, can largely be understood as pragmatic proximity in the linguistic sense.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities
Natália Moura Pacheco Cortez, Sóstenes Reis Siqueira
Com a pandemia de COVID-19 e o crescimento de festas em plataformas online, diversas práticas em ambiências da ecologia midiática digital foram configuradas. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as redes de mediações estabelecidas nas festas de música eletrônica em plataformas, destacando-se aqui a plataforma francesa Shotgun, que ambienta o trabalho do Masterplano, coletivo artístico de Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais. Este estudo se ampara nos conceitos de mediação radical e estudos de plataformização e destaca a festa online Masterplano em Chromakeyla Tour, na plataforma Shotgun, que aconteceu em junho de 2020 como objeto de análise.
Kadhung Prayoga, Adietya Muhammad Riezky, Aditya Rafi Syuhada
et al.
The green revolution has left a trail of civilization that is so awesome. Indonesia reached self-sufficiency in food through changes about ways of farming in the community. However, the development strategy which is the big push is gradually getting eliminates the values of local wisdom in farming activity. Farmers are directed in uniformity, from the use of the seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. As a result, many local plant seed began to become extinct and replaced by new varieties that are sometimes incompatible with the environment. For this reason, this paper is present with the aim of seeing how the local wisdom plays a role in agricultural practices in the hamlet of Cetho, especially in terms of seedling onion. The approach used is a qualitative approach using descriptive method and the analysis of the discourse. The data used are the primary and secondary data collected through methods of the study of literature, interviews and observation. From the discussion it is known that in agricultural practices conducted by the people of Cetho hamlet is still full of local traditions that envelop. Local wisdom that exists not only related to the problem of solidarity among the people but has been rooted to the community activities in farming and its efforts to achieve environmental balance. One of them is in the manufacture and storage of onion seeds. The process, farmers choose seeds from the remaining good quality harvest, tied up and placed in a place that is in the kitchen ceiling. The goal is that the smoke from the fireplace can be about onion seeds so as to resist pest attack disease. This local wisdom has been obtained from generation to generation and practiced daily. However, it is necessary to study from the government or researchers related to onion seeds produced like this in the framework of the development of nature conservation based on local knowledge of the community.
Radicalization is not a new phenomenon in Southeast Asia. Islamic radicalization increased and became a significant issue in Southeast Asia since 2001. Faith-based organizations that have supported the radical spreading of misinformation, and therefore various measures had many casualties. The development of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia is starting to spreading in Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia. This research focuses on how the ideology of ISIS effected (re-activated) radical groups in Southeast Asia. More specifically through discourse analysis our aim to analyze similarities in discourses and frames through their communication campaigns. In additionally we examined how the spreading of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia and broaden the scope of knowledge on the impact of Islamic radicalization in other regional countries.
The purpose of the article is to improve the scientific understanding of the essence of the categorical apparatus of inclusiveness and define the inclusive development of Ukraine as a system in its spatial dimension, sectoral and sectoral sections, political, economic, social and spiritual manifestations. It is determined that the systemic challenge caused by the global economic crisis, exacerbated by the epidemic of coronavirus infection, has focused on the problem of overcoming poverty and socio-economic inequality at both global and national levels, which in turn raises the issue of society's transition to principles. inclusiveness. It is substantiated that the issue of transformation of the model of development of society has become important against the background of the contradictory development of globalization, associated with the widening gap between the countries of the center of the world system and countries on its periphery. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the definition of stages, directions of creating the preconditions for inclusiveness, and in substantiating the systemic idea of inclusive development of Ukraine. To reveal the essence and structure of inclusive development of Ukraine, an analysis of the scientific discourse related to the categorical apparatus of research was carried out. An analysis of inclusive development was conducted based on the identification of paired dichotomies that reveal the essence and direction of this process. The rating of Ukraine according to the index of inclusive development among the developing country is presented. A systematic idea of inclusive development of Ukraine is formed, the components of which are inclusion as a social phenomenon, inclusive development as a process, its elements (objects) and result. Problems that have their manifestation at the national level, in the spatial dimension, sectoral and sectoral sections, in the political, economic, social, spiritual spheres of public life, and are certain obstacles to the formation of an inclusive society, prospects for social development based on inclusiveness. Prospects for further scientific research are in the plane of substantiation of the domestic model of inclusive development, which would take into account the specifics and current state of Ukrainian society.
The case study of this paper are two enhanced books: Beauvoir, l’enquête, by Irène Frain, and Alienare, by Chloé Delaume. The rhetoric of the digital text is essential to the study of the relationship between Frain’s and Delaume’s “author’s image” and the “editorial ethos” of the two books. I show that their “argumentative dimension” manifests itself first of all at a paratextual/peritextual level, and that the publishers exploit it to influence the reception of these works. Using the theoretical approaches of Literary Discourse Analysis and of Argumentation in Discourse, I also take into consideration the “ethos of the author” projected by Frain and Delaume in their books. The objectivity/subjectivity of their discourse, as well as the rhetoric strategies they use, are analysed in order to revisit the complex and gradual character of the notion of “argumentative dimension”, in relation to the plurisemiotic potential of the digital text.
The subject of the article is Russian electoral discourse. The historical-philosophical analysis and the value bases of this phenomenon are presented. The concept of discourse reflects not only the speech characteristics of a certain group of people, but also the specifics of the social structure. Thus, electoral discourse represents a socially conditioned organization of speech space associated with electoral processes. To understand the specifics of modern electoral discourse, its value bases are given special attention. The philosophical ideas of N. Berdyaev, I. Il’in, N. Karamzin, O. Klyuchevsky, G. Plekhanov and others are presented in the article. The article presents in detail the analysis of the formation of Russian political thought and the electoral tradition. The binary nature of Russian historical development is obvious: the way of life in Russia has been infinitely changed under the influence of Asian and European factors. Particular attention is paid to the post-Soviet period and the formation of a modern electoral system. The author identifies three main factors that influence the formation of the quality of domestic electoral discourse: the lack of competition, the emerging institution of property law, the adoption of political tradition. The nega-tive aspects of Russian electoral discourse are singled out. The study of this phenomenon will allow to define the mechanisms of management of social changes that can be used by different social groups to achieve certain goals of social development.
Attention deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood
psychiatric disorders worldwide. In Taiwan, its prevalence is estimated at between 7.5% and
9.9%, however, according to analysis of the National Health Insurance dataset, as few as 20% seek medical help for the condition. This action research project consisted of forming a hospital-based ADHD family support group and evaluating how well it functioned. First, the formation of a hospital-based family support group in central Taiwan was announced by newspaper, following a news report on 21 August 2008 of a local teacher tying a hyperactive child to a chair. After attending lectures or receiving services at this hospital, some parents and teachers asked to participate in the ADHD support group. A family support group was
organized in 2011 and the research team helped appl y for publ i c educati on fundi ng from
pharmaceutical companies like Eli Lily and Janssen. In January 2013, to evaluate the group’s
functioning and the program results, we identified core leaders in the group and started interviewing them using an oral history approach. One child psychiatrist, eight family members, and two patients were selected for interviews. This family support group has demonstrated high motivation and efficiency in addressing its members’ concerns, as well as convincing therapeutic benefits. There is a need for pragmatic solutions that cannot be satisfied by purely scientific or therapeutic public discourse. For this reason, the family support group needed autonomy to respond to their own needs and to develop a new sense of identity.
Anna Flora Brunelli, Sandra Denise Gasparini Bastos
Resumen. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar el comportamiento del verbo modal poder como verbo auxiliar en dos lenguas romances, el portugués brasileño y el español peninsular, en textos escritos de ambos idiomas. El trabajo se desarrolla desde una perspectiva funcionalista del lenguaje, más específicamente la gramática funcional holandesa, y se apoya en la clasificación de modalidad propuesta por Hengeveld (2004), que considera dos criterios principales: la meta de la evaluación y el dominio semántico de la evaluación. Teniendo en cuenta esta clasificación, analizamos el uso del verbo auxiliar poder en el discurso de autoayuda, que goza, en la actualidad, de gran popularidad en varias partes del mundo. Aunque el verbo auxiliar poder sea esencialmente un modal epistémico en el portugués (según Neves 1999-2000) —lo cual, en la clasificación de Hengeveld (2004) corresponde a la modalidad epistémica orientada hacia el evento— los datos analizados demuestran que, en función de la naturaleza esencialmente optimista del discurso investigado —el discurso de autoayuda— dicho auxiliar actúa predominantemente como modal facultativo orientado hacia el participante. Tal resultado pone de relieve la importancia de considerar el contexto en el que el verbo modal aparece para evaluar los efectos de sentido asociados a su uso.
Palabras clave: modalidad, verbo poder, discurso de autoayuda, funcionalismo.
Abstract. This paper aims to investigate the behavior of the modal verb poder as an auxiliary verb in text written in both two Romance languages, Brazilian Portuguese and Iberian Spanish. This research follows a functionalist language approach, more precisely the Dutch Functional Grammar tradition, based on the modality classification proposed by Hengeveld (2004). This author considers two main criteria: target of evaluation, and semantic domain of evaluation. Considering this classification, we analyze the use of the auxiliary verb poder in a corpus of self-help discourses, which currently enjoy enormous popularity in various parts of the world. Although in Portuguese the auxiliary verb poder is essentially an epistemic modal (cf. Neves 1999-2000) —which, according to the Hengeveld (2004), corresponds to the event-oriented epistemic modality—. However, our analysis show that, given the essentially optimistic nature of the discourse analyzed, the self-help discourse, the previously mentioned modal verb (poder) behaves predominantly as a participant-oriented facultative modal. This result demonstrates the importance of considering the context of occurrence of the verb poder in order to evaluate the effects of meaning associated with its use.
Keywords: modality, verb poder, self-help discourse, functionalism.
Resumo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o comportamento do verbo modal poder na condição de verbo auxiliar em duas línguas românicas, o português brasileiro e o espanhol peninsular, em textos escritos dos dois idiomas. O trabalho desenvolve-se orientado por uma abordagem funcionalista da linguagem, mais precisamente a Gramática Funcional de linha holandesa, tomando como base a classificação de modalidade proposta por Hengeveld (2004), que considera dois critérios principais: alvo de avaliação e domínio semântico de avaliação. Considerando essa classificação, analisamos o emprego do auxiliar poder no discurso de autoajuda, que desfruta, atualmente, de grande popularidade em várias partes do mundo. Embora o verbo auxiliar poder, na língua portuguesa, seja essencialmente um modal epistêmico (Neves 1999-2000) —o que, na classificação de Hengeveld (2004), corresponde à modalidade epistêmica orientada para o evento— os dados analisados revelam que, dada a natureza essencialmente otimista do discurso estudado —o discurso de autoajuda— o auxiliar comporta-se predominantemente como modal facultativo orientado para o participante. Tal resultado evidencia a importância de considerarmos o contexto de ocorrência do verbo poder para avaliar os efeitos de sentido associados a seu emprego.
Palavras-chave: modalidade, verbo poder, discurso de autoajuda, funcionalismo.