Hasil untuk "Civil law"

ZHAO Chunling, LIU Yang, LU Xi et al.

Wide-body aircraft is the key technical product in the field of civil aviation. The development of wide-body aircraft is the important reflection of national comprehensive strength, as well as the inevitable course to achieve technological autonomy. This paper provides systematic review on the current status and future trend of key technologies for wide-body aircraft in the field of aerodynamics, structure, strength, power plant and main airborne systems, based on the analysis on global wide-body aircraft development. Key technological breakthroughs for wide-body aircraft will primarily focus on areas such as aerodynamic design of high aspect ratio wing with variable camber, nonlinear static aeroelastic design with large deformation, fly-by-wire control law design with more advanced functions, large-scale application of advanced composite structure, structural health monitoring, cockpit integrated warning systems, multi-mode and multi-orbit satellite communication and closed-loop attitude control in flight control systems, etc.

Daniela Franić

This paper addresses the question of the autonomy of managers of entities that provide local public services (companies established by local self-government units for the performance of communal activities), inspired by the principles of new public management. It analyzes the extent of their autonomy, with particular emphasis on the influence of political factors and managerial capacities. On the theoretical level, the paper examines the relationship (dichotomy) between public authorities and the governing bodies of local utility companies, as well as the types of autonomy that arise from this relationship. The empirical part of the study is based on data collected through a survey conducted in 36 utility companies in the Republic of Croatia during 2023. The aim of the paper is to answer whether public authorities influence the managerial activities and autonomy of local public service managers, and how their roles and functions are interconnected. It has been concluded that clearly defined goals, the establishment of accountability, and constructive cooperation are crucial for the effective delivery of quality and accessible services that meet the needs of the local community.

Bhong Mahesh, Nirsanametla Yadaiah, Gudainiyan Jitendra et al.

This research examines the synergistic impacts of hybrid nanofillers, particularly silica nanoparticles (SiO2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), in polyethene (PE) network nanocomposites. The nanocomposites are methodically arranged and characterized for predominant mechanical and electrical execution. Tensile tests uncover a significant upgrade in mechanical properties, with test C showing a tensile quality of 83.2 MPa, flexible modulus of 3.6 GPa, and stretching at a break of 11.8%. Electrical conductivity estimations demonstrate an outstanding change, with test C coming to 1.1×10 −4 S/m Comparative investigation with related works exhibits the competitive points of interest of the crossover nanocomposites, adjusting with later improvements within the field. Morphological examination through checking and transmission electron microscopy affirms the successful scattering and interconnectivity of cross-breed nanofillers inside the polymer network. Affectability examinations emphasize the significance of preparing parameters in fitting nanocomposite properties, whereas recreation studies give hypothetical bits of knowledge into microstructural angles impacting by and large execution. This study contributes to the advancing scene of hybrid nanocomposite materials, advertising a promising road for the improvement of progressed materials with improved multifunctionality.

Fitra Putra, Irvin Yama'asura, Romiz Sofyan et al.

The suitability of food for consumers is very important, if you are not careful in choosing food or snacks it can be harmful to your health. There are still many unhealthy snacks circulating in Tulungagung, so people must be more careful in choosing healthy foods to consume. In this case, we make this journal so that consumers can understand and understand the selection of food that is suitable for consumption and it is hoped that consumers will know how dangerous food is that is not suitable if it enters our body. This research was made using qualitative methods. Collecting data using interview and observation techniques. The results of the study are that the majority of food products are considered unfit for consumption because the can packaging is damaged or dented. packaged snacks that have expired but are still displayed by traders/entrepreneurs. Snack products whose trademarks have been engineered by traders. The sales mode that transfers trademarks is carried out by entrepreneurs or traders by buying snack products in large packaging volumes and then repackaging them in smaller volumes at affordable prices.

behrooz lotfi, Zahra Mohamadvandi Azar, afsaneh mozaffari

Background and objective. There is currently a strong desire to understand the nature of governance to improve public sector performance, as governance is a critical necessity to help governments realize their development agendas. For example, in recent years in Iran, the approach of good governance has been mentioned as a necessity for economic development in the country.Methodology/approach. The current research is an mixed method study. In the qualitative part, 11 experts familiar with the subject were interviewed to reach theoretical saturation. In the quantitative section, the views of 70 managers and experts of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare were used. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part using grounded theory and in the quantitative part using the partial least squares method.Findings and Conclusion. The research findings showed that organizational accountability and the fight against rent and corruption affect the implementation of good governance. The research findings showed that organizational responsibility and combating rent and corruption affect the implementation of good governance. The organization should be responsible to civil society from different aspects. In fact, the organization must be responsive in in terms of the rule of law, transparency, client demands, and its economic and functional areasOriginality/innovation. In this study, for theoretical synergy, an integrated and executive model was presented for good governance in the context of strategic communication in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. This is despite the fact that previous studies dealt with these concepts separately.

Rio Christiawan

Abstract This article discusses the enforceability of Article 9 of Law No. 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary Guarantee that allows the use of receivables as debt collateral in business practices in Indonesia. Receivables bound by fiduciary collateral is deemed as a special collateral— in the context of civil law, a special collateral will be prioritized in case the debtor does not voluntarily make when due. In business practices, long-term receivables will be established following an agreement between a debtor and a third party, and the receivables that the debtor is entitled to receive from the third party will be provided as collateral to secure the debtor’s obligations under his loan agreement with the creditor. The issue discussed in this paper is the fact that although theoretically special collateral in the form of receivables should be able to increase the creditor’s assurance of getting repaid, in practice long-term receivables put higher risk on the creditor instead. As comparison, this paper uses the accounts receivables fiduciary in the United Kingdom. The Writing Method used in this paper is the normative juridical approach with a focus on conducting juridical studies regarding the creditors' risk in the use of receivables, specifically long-term debt collateral. This paper shows that receivables that are used as collateral in fiduciary agreements actually put the greatest risk on the creditor; especially if the agreement between the debtor and the third party stipulates that in case the debtor fails to fulfil his obligations, all receivables that he is supposed to receive from the third party will be aborted and become non-existent.

Jacqueline Nakaiza

Characterized as modern-day slavery, human trafficking has attracted the attention of scholars, legislators and law enforcers in many countries. A major gap in efforts to curb the problem, however, relates to the fact that attention is being paid primarily to legislation; prosecution and punishment of traffickers; and rehabilitation of the survivors of trafficking. Efforts to support people who are still trapped in trafficking situations are generally nonexistent. This paper reports the findings of a study that attempted to respond to the need to support these people by generating information on the routes by which victims of trafficking in Uganda escape bondage. Using interview, data were collected from twenty-six survivors of trafficking on the ways through which they escaped and the factors that supported their escape. The findings were that the victims of trafficking had escaped by: 1) acquiring the (financial) resources they needed to escape the bondage of forced labor; or 2) getting referred to organizations where they obtained the support that they needed to exit bondage. Yet—it was also found—information on support for the victims of trafficking is generally unavailable and victims accessed it after they had been bonded in trafficking situations for a while. It is concluded that the limited availability of this information is a major factor in sustaining the bondage of the victims of trafficking because it ensures that victims are unable to seek/ obtain help even if it is available. Hence, the government, faith-based and civil society organizations providing support for victims of trafficking are urged to expand the reach of information on the support services that they offer.

Michael Conklin

On Juneteenth (June 19), 2019 the United States House Judiciary Committee heard over three hours of testimony regarding slavery reparations.[1]  Various rhetorical methods were used by the expert witnesses to promote slavery reparations.  Many emphasized the horrors of the slave trade.  Many pointed to current racial disparities in education, criminal justice, and health as indicators that the harms of slavery are still present today.  Others testified how the rising/increasing success of America is in large part attributable to slave labor.  A White woman discussed the liberating power she experienced when she discovered and then addressed her ancestors’ involvement in the slave trade.[2]  Loyola Law School Professor Eric Miller used the Tulsa, Oklahoma race riot of 1921 and the reparations that followed as a precedent for the importance and feasibility of reparations.[3]  This essay examines how effective these arguments would have been to change the average American’s position on slavery reparations.  Furthermore, would the efficacy differ when examining subsets of the population, such as conservatives and liberals?  And what if a particular pro-slavery reparations argument was presented by a White person instead of an African American, would that change the way it was received?  This essay presents the findings of a survey designed to answer those questions.             The recent surge in popularity of reparations discussions from Democratic primary candidates brings this issue to the forefront. Unfortunately, most of the academic focus on reparations ignores the pragmatic implications of changing public opinion on the issue—the main obstacle to successful implementation of a slavery reparations scheme. By evaluating potential explanations for why certain reparations rhetoric is more effective than others—and how some even do more harm than good—this study will help to inform reparationists on the effectiveness of different rhetorical tactics.  Furthermore, the often counterintuitive results call into question common assump-tions about the root causes of slavery reparation opposition.  Impediments to slavery reparations such as the anti-reparations norm, specific implementation challenges, the risk of self-sabotage, legal challenges, and the incompatibility with American individualism are also discussed.   [1] H.R. 40 and the Path to Restorative Justice,U.S. H. Comm. on the Judiciary  (2019), https://judiciary.house.gov/legislation/hearings/hr-40-and-path-restorative-justice (video recording of hearing 3 hours and 40 minutes long) [hereinafter H.R. 40 Hearing]. [2] H.R. 40 and the Path to Restorative Justice: Hearing on H.R. 40 Before the Subcomm. on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, of the H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 116th Cong. (2019) (statement of Katrina Browne). [3] Id. (statement of Eric Miller).

Suyene Monteiro da Rocha

Giulio Illuminati

P. S. Lobo, J. Almeida, L. Guerreiro

Abstract Shape memory alloys are used in a variety of fields, such as medical or aeronautical. Other fields of knowledge have been researching these materials, attracted by their capacity to dissipate energy through high-strain hysteretic cycles without significant residual strains. Because of these interesting properties for seismic protection, an example of the possible beneficiaries of these materials are civil engineering structures. This paper reports a bibliographic review on the characteristics and uniaxial macroscale constitutive models for shape memory alloys, of interest for a significant number of applications, most often based on wires and bars. The constitutive model assessment focuses on mechanical and kinetic laws, as well as on the energy balance law, of relevance for dynamic loadings. Some characteristics of these materials are still not sufficiently well known, especially those related to ageing. With regard to behaviour prediction, the most frequently used uniaxial constitutive models result in similar responses.

S. Santoso

Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg, Andrea Tafur Sialer

En el presente artículo, los autores analizan la recepción de la doctrina de la nulidad ab initio de normas internas de amnistía contrarias a la Convención Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, trazada por la Corte Interamericana a partir del caso Barrios Altos.  En ese orden de ideas, se toman en cuenta los distintos procesos sociales y políticos gestados en los países adscritos a dicho órgano internacional de justicia, que serían los receptores de los contenidos de las sentencias emitidas. Sin embargo, como es señalado por los propios autores, cada contexto ha dado lugar a una asimilación particular e, incluso, a una oposición tajante de los órganos intra-estatales.

Mikel Mari Karrera Egialde

In the system of the Statute of Autonomy, even though foral bodies have kept for themselves the traditional power regarding administrative and revenues issues, the competence in Private law matters, with an undoubted foral standing, has implicitly been allocated to the autonomic common body for its preservation, modification and development, although as a matter of fact it was also materialized by the historic territories. For that matter, the competences attributed in the field of Private law have been implemented by the Basque legislator by means of irrigations in different areas of competences and with the use of the competence of «civil legislation», distinctly, has been postponed with punctual territorial articulations. It is time to approach the process of promoting the Basque Civil Law in a systematic way, a task to be steered by the new committee for Civil law as facilitator and advisory body of the Basque Parliament and government.

R. Rose, D. Shin

Maria Cláudia Cachapuz

O texto ocupa-se da descrição de um modelo de fontes jurídicas a partir de um enfoque justificativo do Direito, em que pressuposta uma conexão entre Direito e Moral. Conecta o tema das fontes jurídicas à questão da interpretação no Direito, analisando o papel desenvolvido pela racionalidade pragmática e pela argumentação jurídica ao lado da lei, dos costumes e da jurisprudência. Trabalha ainda a interferência da metodologia jurídica na construção do modelo, considerando também como fonte o conjunto de operações que se adota para a aplicação e justificação das normas jurídicas.

Víctor M. González

This paper analyzes the effect of financial leverage on corporate operating performance and how this effect varies across countries. Results for 10,375 firms in 39 countries indicate that the performance of firms with greater leverage is significantly reduced compared to their competitors in industry downturns, in line with the importance of financial distress costs. However, this effect varies according to the legal origin of the countries, being positive in French civil law countries. The protection of shareholder rights and the strength of legal enforcement are the main variables explaining the effect of financial leverage on performance.

Liz Fekete

Kseniya Ryskina

The aim of the study is to evaluate the property rights protection system in the civil law system of the Russian Federation. The author present the law instruments that owner and possessor are entitled to.

Silvio Romero Beltrão

This work is interdisciplinary and aims to examine the adequacy of the patient-physician relationship to the requirements of validity of legal business. The doctor-patient relationship needs a complete overview on the elements and requirements that constitute its validity in law. As a starting point analyzes the doctor-patient relationship as a legal fact, to then verify the validity requirements of the patient medical legal business, capable agent, object and lawful manner prescribed by law. Investigating the manifestation of the will as the main element of the legal transaction to define the end of the study the importance of the doctor-patient relationship by law, based on the General Theory of Civil Law.