Hasil untuk "Cement industries"

A. Rashad

Jiancheng Qin, Jingzhe Tang, Lei Gao et al.

Using the Kaya identity and LMDI method, this study analyzes the influence of population, GDP per capita, energy intensity, and carbon intensity on Xinjiang’s carbon emissions, and compares the effects of industrial structure, energy intensity, and carbon intensity on the industrial sectors during the Eighth to Twelfth Five-Year Plan (FYP) periods. Key findings are as follows: (1) Xinjiang’s carbon emissions center on resource- and energy-intensive sectors, emissions from sectors such as extraction of petroleum and natural gas, fuel processing, chemicals, ceramics and cement, iron and steel, and non-ferrous and power generation accounted for 62% of carbon emissions in 2015; (2) after the Sixth FYP, GDP per capita effect turned into the core driver of carbon emission growth, while the population effect played an auxiliary role. Meanwhile, the energy intensity effect exerted a marked inhibitory impact on the increase in carbon emissions, yet the restraining effect of carbon intensity was comparatively limited; (3) during the Eighth to Twelfth FYPs, carbon emission growth was mainly attributed to industrial structure effects of the mining and washing of coal, extraction of petroleum and natural gas, fuel processing, chemicals, ceramics and cement, iron and steel, non-ferrous and power generation. Energy intensity and carbon intensity effects in various industries inhibited emission growth. Based on new trends in Xinjiang’s socioeconomic development, policy recommendations proposed including promoting the low-carbon transformation of industrial structure, profound restructuring of energy consumption, and improving energy efficiency by advancing energy-saving technology.

Matevž Pušnik, Boris Sučić, Matjaž Česen et al.

Addressing GHG emissions in industrial sectors is crucial for developed nations' energy and environmental policies. European countries use diverse strategies to mitigate industrial GHG impacts, with energy models evaluating national objectives and supporting policy implementation. A new hybrid bottom-up technology-oriented simulation model has been developed for Slovenia's industrial sector, focusing on energy-intensive industries like paper, metal, chemical, and cement production. This model, linked with the macroeconomic GEM model, assesses the impacts of GHG reduction measures on the national economy. This paper introduces the Reference Energy System model for the industrial sector REES SLO, aiding Slovenia's NECP update. It details input parameters, model structure, proposed measures, peculiarities of energy-intensive industries, and calculation results. The findings indicate that decarbonizing Slovenia's industrial sector is feasible but demands immediate policy intervention, substantial investments, and a collaborative approach among stakeholders. Advanced technologies such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), hydrogen-based solutions, and enhanced energy efficiency measures are essential components of this transition. The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and circular economy principles further strengthens pathways toward sustainability. The REES IND model underscores the importance of aligning industrial decarbonization strategies with broader economic and environmental objectives. It provides a comprehensive framework for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed measures and their long-term impacts. Achieving these goals requires a phased approach, beginning with energy efficiency improvements and progressing to structural changes and advanced technologies. The model's insights pave the way for sustainable industrial transformation, aligning Slovenia's industrial sector with national and European Union climate objectives.

Raúl Aragonés, Joan Oliver, Carles Ferrer

Heat-intensive industries (e.g., iron and steel, aluminum, cement) and explosive sectors (e.g., oil and gas, chemical, petrochemical) face challenges in achieving Industry 4.0 goals due to the widespread adoption of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies. Wireless solutions are favored in large facilities to reduce the costs and complexities of extensive wiring. However, conventional wireless devices powered by lithium batteries have limitations, including reduced lifespan in high-temperature environments and incompatibility with explosive atmospheres, leading to high maintenance costs. This paper presents a novel approach for energy-intensive and explosive industries, which represent over 40% of the gross production revenue (GPR) in several countries. The proposed solution uses residual heat to power ATEX-certified IIoT devices, eliminating the need for batteries and maintenance. These devices are designed for condition monitoring and predictive maintenance of rotating machinery, which is common in industrial settings. The study demonstrates the successful application of this technology, highlighting its potential to reduce costs and improve safety and efficiency in challenging industrial environments.

Uddav Ghimire, Tejo V. Bheemasetti, Hee-Jeong Kim

Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings (MT) were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45% from 2010. Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities, recycling, and reuse in different industries. Currently, a large portion of tailings are managed through the tailing storage facilities (TSF) where these tailings undergo hydro-thermal-mechanical stresses with seasonal cycles which are not comprehensively understood. This study presents an investigative study to evaluate the performance of control and cement-stabilized copper MT under the influence of seasonal cycles, freeze-thaw (F-T) and wet-dry (W-D) conditions, representing the seasonal variability in the cold and arid regions. The control and cement-stabilized MT samples were subjected to a maximum of 12 F-T and 12 W-D cycles and corresponding micro-and-macro behavior was investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM), volumetric strain (εv), wet density (ρ), moisture content loss, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The results indicated the vulnerability of Copper MT to 67% and 75% strength loss reaching residual states with 12 F-T and 8 W-D cycles, respectively. Whereas the stabilized MT retained 39%–55% and 16%–34% strength with F-T and W-D cycles, demonstrating increased durability. This research highlights the impact of seasonal cycles and corresponding strength-deformation characteristics of control and stabilized Copper MT in cold and arid regions.

Yuguang Mao, Sarra Drissi, Xiang Hu et al.

Mithran Daniel Solomon, Marcel Scheffler, Wolfram Heineken et al.

Meeting Germany’s climate targets urgently demands substantial investment in renewable energies such as hydrogen, as well as tackling industrial CO₂ emissions with a strong CO₂ transport infrastructure. This is particularly crucial for CO₂-heavy industries such as steel, cement, lime production, power plants, and chemical plants, given Germany’s ban on onshore storage. The CO₂ transport network is essential for maintaining a circular economy by capturing, transporting, and either storing or utilizing CO₂. This study fills gaps in CO₂ pipeline transport research, examining pipeline diameters, costs, and pressure drop, and providing sensitivity analysis. Key findings show that the levelized cost of CO₂ transport (LCO2T) ranges from 0.25 €/t to 55.82 €/t based on varying transport masses (1000 t/day to 25,000 t/day) and distances (25 km to 500 km), with compression costs pushing LCO2T to 33.21 €/t to 92.82 €/t. Analyzing eight pipeline diameters (150 mm to 500 mm) and the impact of CO₂ flow temperature on pressure loss highlights the importance of selecting optimal pipeline sizes. Precise booster station placement is also crucial, as it significantly affects the total LCO2T. Exploring these areas can offer a more thorough understanding of the best strategies for developing cost-effective, efficient, and sustainable transport infrastructure.

Yuanyuan Wang, Haoyang Ji, Shiqian Wang et al.

This study focuses on the carbon emissions of key industries in Henan Province, employing techniques of seasonal adjustment, frequency transformation, and statistical modeling to construct an industry-level “Electricity–Energy–Carbon” model to aid in the high-frequency monitoring of carbon emissions in the province’s industries. Based on relevant data, this research performs high-frequency calculations of carbon emissions from energy consumption in 34 typical industries and from the production processes of 53 typical sub-categories in the industrial sector of Henan. The findings reveal the following: Firstly, industrial energy consumption in Henan accounts for over half of the total provincial energy consumption, with most months seeing proportions around 60%. Industries such as energy, non-ferrous metals, building materials, steel, chemicals, petrochemicals, and paper making contribute to over 80% of the industrial energy consumption’s carbon emissions, often nearing 90% in most months. Secondly, among the major industries, such as non-ferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, and steel, there is a dual challenge of being restricted under the “high energy consumption and high emissions” project while also being required to build key industrial bases, leading to fluctuating trends in historical annual carbon emissions data. Thirdly, six sub-categories, namely plastic products, cement, flat glass, steel, ten types of non-ferrous metals, and alumina, have significant carbon emissions in their production processes, accounting for about 72.3% of the total production-related emissions.

Nataliia Latsyk, Ihor Petrushka

Air pollution is becoming a problem due to inefficient technological processes that accompany the mechanical processingof solid materials in various industries, including metalworkingand woodworking, coal enrichment, coal burning in thermal power plants, metallurgy and construction materials industries. The problem is relevant for cement factories, since some of them use outdated equipment. Fine dust in this contextbecomes particularly important because the particle size of this dust affects the quality and grade of the concrete produced. Given the specificsof cement production and the goals of our research, which are to effectively collect small particles, it is important to note that wet cement production methods are not the best solution. The ideal solution for the problem of cleaning dust and gas flows in the cement industry is the use of a two-stage dust collection system, which combines an advanced cyclone and a bag filter. The system's periodic shaking mechanismallows for effective capture and control of fine dust particles, ensuring high quality cement production and reducing environmental impact. The combination of a cyclone, anacoustic coalescer and a block of bag filters, which is equippedwith a periodic cleaning mechanism, as well as the addition of a system for collecting fine dust using a collector funnel, will split the collected dust into two fractions: fine (a = 10−5to 10−7m)and coarse (a > 10-4m). The first fraction can be used to produce high-quality cement of high cost in the cement industry. The second fraction returns to the main technological process at its finishing stage.

Fajr Qasem, Mahmoud Sharaan, Manabu Fujii et al.

This study focuses on recycling Shammi corn stalks in the cement industries, further avoiding air and soil pollution caused by their improper disposal. This crop residue was thermally treated at 700 °C for 2 h under an oxygen-rich environment to produce Shammi corn stalk ash (SCSA). This SCSA was used as a cement replacement material (2–10%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), whereas the control sample included only cement. The compressive strength values for the 4% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) replacement ratio at 2-, 7-, and 28-day ages were greater than those for the control by 26.5%, 15.8%, and 11.4%, respectively. This 4% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) also maintained a better flexural strength than other mixtures, with proper initial and final setting times (135 and 190 min), workability (18.5 cm), and water consistency (27.5%). These mechanical/physical properties were integrated with socio-enviro-economic data collected from experts through a pairwise comparison questionnaire, forming the inputs of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model. Recycling SCSA in the cement-manufacturing process attained positive scores in the achievement of the three pillars of sustainable development, revealing an overall score greater than the control. Hence, the study outcomes could be essential in developing green concrete, cement blocks, and mortar, based on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda.

Marichelvam Mariappan Kadarkarainadar, Geetha Mariappan

The production of cement increases every year, which leads to the emission of dust/gas/ particulate matter. The emission of unfiltered dust would create a significant environmental impact. Hence, it is the responsibility of industries to control the emission of dust. Air filters and electrostatic precipitators (ESP) play a significant role in controlling pollutants. Synthetic filter media which are dangerous to our environment are widely used in most industries. The disposal of synthetic filters is an arduous task as the biodegradability of synthetic materials is poor. Hence, it is essential to develop an eco-friendly air filter material. In this paper, a new type of bag filter was designed by using natural sisal fiber as filtering media. The biodegradability of sisal fiber is better than the synthetic polyester media and also sisal fiber is less expensive. The natural fibers were coated with zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles to improve the dust adsorption rate. Various tests were conducted as per standards to validate the performance of the filler media. The results were impressive. Hence, the proposed sisal fiber-based filter media can be used in cement industries for dust adsorption to minimize the environmental impact.

Gamal S. Abdelhaffez, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Haitham M. Ahmed

The size of grinding media is the primary factor that affects the overall milling efficiency of a ball mill (e.g. power consumption and particle size breakage). This article tackles the lack of a design tool that could help choose the ball loading composition in mills. Such a tool enables the maximization of the exposed surface area per unit energy (cm2/J). The effect of ball load composition, by varying the grinding media size distribution (e.g. alternatively by mixing four groups of 19.5, 38 mm; 19.5, 50 mm; 38, 50 mm and 19.5, 38, 50 mm), on the milling efficiency of a laboratory scale ball mill has been investigated in this article concerning ball number, total surface area, and ball weight. The results reveal that the amount of required energy is close in values, per each ball loading mixture, concerning three characteristic parameters. The amount of required energy varies between 3.22 kWh/st & 3.65 kWh/st. Moreover, the new surface area per unit energy (e.g. cm2/J) significantly influences milling efficiency. In contrast, the ball weight has a minor effect. This study would be helpful in industries in which comminution is part of the process, such as mining and cement industries.

Kosimbetov Batirbay, Khankelov Tavbay

Cone crushers of various sizes and modifications are used widely for rock processing now. The most widespread are crushers of the KDM and KMDT types. Depending on the types and modifications, crushers are used in various industries: crushing abrasive, extra strong rocks and building materials, in the production of cement and other materials in the construction industry; for crushing rocks in the mining industry.

Gabriele Antonio De Vitis, Pierfrancesco Foglia, Cosimo Antonio Prete

Abstract In case of glass tube for pharmaceutical applications, high‐quality defect detection is made via inspection systems based on computer vision. The processing must guarantee real‐time inspection and meet increasing rate and quality requirements. Defect detection in glass tubes is complicated by aspects that hamper the efficiency of state‐of‐the‐art techniques. This paper presents a pre‐processing algorithm which excludes portions of the image where defects are surely absent. The approach decreases the time for defect detection and classification phases (any detection algorithm can be applied), as they are applied only in high‐probability candidate sub‐image. We derive a methodology to get robust values of algorithm's parameters during production. The algorithm relies on detrended standard deviation and double threshold hysteresis, which solve issues related to the misalignment between illuminator and acquisition camera, and enable a robust detection despite rotation, vibration, and irregularities of tubes. We consider Canny, MAGDDA, and Niblack algorithms. The solution keeps the detection quality of such algorithms and reaches a 4.69× throughput gain. It represents a methodology to obtain defect detection in time‐constrained environments through a software‐only approach, and can be exploited in parallel/accelerated solutions and in contexts where a linear camera is utilized on both flat and uneven surfaces.

Sadeq Hooshmand Zaferani, Mehdi Jafarian, Daryoosh Vashaee et al.

With the fast evolution in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e.g., <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>,<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo> </mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) caused by fossil fuel combustion and global warming, climate change has been identified as a critical threat to the sustainable development of human society, public health, and the environment. To reduce GHG emissions, besides minimizing waste heat production at the source, an integrated approach should be adopted for waste heat management, namely, waste heat collection and recycling. One solution to enable waste heat capture and conversion into useful energy forms (e.g., electricity) is employing solid-state energy converters, such as thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The simplicity of thermoelectric generators enables them to be applied in various industries, specifically those that generate heat as the primary waste product at a temperature of several hundred degrees. Nevertheless, thermoelectric generators can be used over a broad range of temperatures for various applications; for example, at low temperatures for human body heat harvesting, at mid-temperature for automobile exhaust recovery systems, and at high temperatures for cement industries, concentrated solar heat exchangers, or NASA exploration rovers. We present the trends in the development of thermoelectric devices used for thermal management and waste heat recovery. In addition, a brief account is presented on the scientific development of TE materials with the various approaches implemented to improve the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric compounds through manipulation of Figure of Merit, a unitless factor indicative of TE conversion efficiency. Finally, as a case study, work on waste heat recovery from rotary cement kiln reactors is evaluated and discussed.

E. Worrell, D. Jager, K. Blok et al.

G. Ye, Xian Liu, G. Schutter et al.