Hasil untuk "By religion"

Akbar Aldi Kautsar, Hasan Sazali, Afwan Syahril Manurung

This study aims to analyse how religious identity is used as a political branding strategy in the 2024 North Sumatra gubernatorial election, and the communicative and social implications of this practice in the digital space. Using a qualitative content analysis, this study examined the official accounts of candidate pairs, digital volunteers, political influencers, and public conversations across various forms, including images, campaign videos, captions, tweets, comments, and hashtags. The results of the study show that religion-based identity politics is the dominant strategy in social media. Candidates and campaign teams actively utilise religious symbols, narratives, and figures to build a religious, trustworthy, and moral image. The endorsement of religious figures through digital testimonials strengthens the candidate's moral legitimacy, while religion-based content is disseminated not only top-down by official accounts but also horizontally through supportive communities and anonymous accounts. Religious content has been shown to have higher digital engagement than neutral content; however, it has also led to polarisation in the commentary space over the legitimacy of using religious symbols in politics.

Nurul Isnaini, Suhandi Suhandi, Satria Adi Pradana

Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes. In Indonesia, adolescent’s aggression is a problem influenced by various factors, such as internet addiction, poor emotional regulation, anxiety, peers influence, and parenting styles. Therefore, during this period, relationships with peers become increasingly important as young people strive to be independent and have a sense of belonging. The study population of 238 people was obtained through an initial questionnaire collected on July 25, 2024 - August 20, 2024. The use of covariance-based SEM with parametric assumptions that the research variables must meet the assumption of a normal multivariate distribution. However, the research variables did not meet the assumption of normality, so Partial Least Square (PLS) was used. The hypothesis testing method used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.00 software. The dynamics of Muslim adolescent aggression, especially the relationship between peer religiosity and aggression, is a multifaceted topic. General research shows that religiosity acts as a protective factor against aggression and delinquency among adolescents. However, peer influences and social context can significantly modulate this relationship. Keywords: Aggression, Religiosity, Peer Religion, Structural Equation Modeling

R. Naganandini

Background: With the global population aging, understanding the factors that affect the psychosocial well-being of elderly individuals is increasingly important. Stress, which can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, education, and religion, has a significant impact on their mental health. Examining how these demographic variables relate to stress is vital for developing effective strategies to improve the quality of life for older adults. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate how demographic characteristics influence stress levels among elderly individuals living in old age homes and assess their impact on psychosocial well-being. The specific objectives include: (1) identifying the relationship between demographic factors and stress levels, (2) analyzing the effect of stress on psychosocial well-being, and (3) determining which demographic factors significantly influence stress and well-being. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 360 elderly residents of old age homes in Salem, Tamil Nadu, using multistage and stratified random sampling. Data collection focused on demographics, stress levels (measured through the Perceived Stress Scale), and psychosocial well-being (assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships between demographic factors, stress, and well-being, with thorough model validation. Results: The study found that the majority of participants were younger elderly individuals (60–65 years) and most were male. Half of the participants reported moderate levels of stress, with psychological factors being the most prominent contributors. Psychosocial well-being was categorized into low, moderate, and high levels, and a clear negative correlation between stress and well-being was identified. Multiple regression analysis showed that factors such as age, education, and financial status significantly influenced stress levels. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) supported these findings, revealing that stress negatively affected psychosocial well-being, while education and financial stability had a positive impact. Discussion: The results highlight the complex relationship between stress, demographic factors, and psychosocial well-being in the elderly. Age, education, and financial stability emerged as key predictors of stress, which in turn affected overall well-being. These findings point to the need for focused interventions to help manage stress and enhance mental health among older adults. Future research can build on these insights to design effective programs that improve the quality of life for elderly individuals living in institutional settings. Conclusion: This study highlights the relationship between demographic factors, stress, and psychosocial well-being among elderly residents of old age homes. Key factors such as age, education, and financial stability significantly influenced stress levels, which in turn affected their overall well-being. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions to manage stress and enhance the mental health of older adults, ultimately improving their quality of life in institutional settings.

Yahaya T, Umar J, Fagbayi T et al.

Background: Computer devices have become an important part of human life because they make work easier and thus increase output. However, the use of computer devices has led to the occurrence of computer vision syndrome (CVS). The current study was aimed at determining the demographic characteristics, influence of ABO blood groups, and diseases associated with CVS in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic information from 153 CVS patients at Unique Eyes Center, Lagos. The data collected includes age, gender, educational level, ethnicity, religion, type of device use, duration spent on devices, marital status, and diseases frequently expressed. The ABO blood groups of the participants were thereafter collected from their medical records. Results: The results showed that 89 (58.70%) of the respondents were males, while 64 (41.83%) were females. Most of the respondents were > 40 years old, with 78 members (50.98%), followed by age class 21–40 with 48 members (31.37%) and age class 10–20 with 27 members (17.65%).With respect to respondents educational status, 2(1.31%) had primary education, 28(18.30%) had secondary education while the majority 123(80.39%) had tertiary education. Regarding the marital status, married participants were 72 (47.06%) in number, others included singles 48 (31.37%), divorced 18 (11.76%), and widowed 15 (9.80%). There were 81 (52.94%) Christians, and 72(47.06%) Muslims. The Yoruba ethnic group made up 78 (50.98%), while others were Igbo 43 (28.10%), and Hausa/Fulani were 32 (20.92%). A total of 110 (71.90%) used desktops, 28 (18.30%) used androids, and 15 (9.80%) used laptops or iPads. One hundred and sixteen (75.82%) participants used computer devices continuously, while 37 (24.13%) used them intermittently. People with non-O blood types constituted the majority, of which those with type A blood were the most affected, having accounted for 51 (33.33%) of the overall population. Headache, blurred vision, eye strain, double vision, and neck/shoulder/back pain were strongly associated with CVS in the study area. Conclusion: The results suggest that demographic characteristics and ABO blood groups genotypes influence susceptibility to CVS among computer users in Lagos. Non-O blood group individuals, mainly type A blood are particularly at risk. People are advised to limit time spent on computer devices and get regular eye tests.

A. F. Fagbamigbe, T. V. Lawal, K. A. Atoloye

Abstract Background Choosing appropriate models for count health outcomes remains a challenge to public health researchers and the validity of the findings thereof. For count data, the mean–variance relationship and proportion of zeros is a major determinant of model choice. This study aims to compare and identify the best Bayesian count modelling technique for the number of childhood vaccine uptake in Nigeria. Methods We explored the performances of Poisson, negative binomial and their zero-inflated forms in the Bayesian framework using cross-sectional data pooled from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 2003 and 2018. In multivariable analysis, these Bayesian models were used to identify factors associated with the number of vaccine uptake among children. Model selection was based on the -2 Log-Likelihood (-2 Log LL), Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation Information Criterion (LOOIC) and Watanabe-Akaike/Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC). Results Exploratory analysis showed the presence of excess zeros and overdispersion with a mean of 4.36 and a variance of 12.86. Observably, there was a significant increase in vaccine uptake over time. Significant factors included the mother’s age, level of education, religion, occupation, desire for last-child, place of delivery, exposure to media, birth order of the child, wealth status, number of antenatal care visits, postnatal attendance, healthcare decision maker, community poverty, community illiteracy, community unemployment, rural proportion and number of health facilities per 100,000. The zero-inflated negative binomial model was best fit with -2Log LL of -27171.47, LOOIC of 54464.2, and WAIC of 54588.0. Conclusion The Bayesian zero-inflated negative binomial model was most appropriate to identify factors associated with the number of childhood vaccines received in Nigeria due to the presence of excess zeros and overdispersion. Improving vaccine uptake by addressing the associated risk factors should be promptly embraced.

Galina M. Yarmarkina

Introduction. Religious vocabulary is a means to express a special view of the world, a special value system. Goals. The work aims to identify some specific patterns in the functioning of religionyms in seventeenth-eighteenth century Kalmyk official letters and their Russian translations. Materials and methods. The article examines a total of seventy nine letters by the Kalmyk Khan Ayuka for the years 1685 to 1715 — and their parallel Russian translations. The original texts are housed by the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the National Archive of Kalmykia. Results. The analysis of religious vocabulary reveals certain differences in linguistic worldviews articulated by representatives of different religions. The texts contain religionyms associated with Buddhism (in Kalmyk letters), Orthodox Christianity (in Russian translations), and Islam (single mentions in Kalmyk letters and their Russian translations). In most cases, religionyms act as an important tool of diplomatic etiquette. Our comparison of the original texts and their translations made it possible to identify some semantic extensions pertaining to Kalmyk religion-related toponyms — names of places of pilgrimage, while there are almost no traces of Buddhist terms in Russian translations, which may be explained by differing religious ideas and concepts.

Adam Gemar

A traditionally salient topic of empirical investigation in the sociology of religion, this paper seeks to offer a recent investigation into the intergenerational transmission of religion and the parental forms of religious engagement that predict adult engagement with religion. The study of this paper explores the intergenerational transmission of religion, focusing on the parental forms of religious identity and engagement that influence religious identity, beliefs, and practices in adulthood. By analyzing the 2018 GSS dataset in the United States with multiple regression analyses, I found strong parental and childhood influences on adult religiosity, religious service attendance, and belief in God. Indeed, this engagement often mirrors parental engagement for these variables. However, while paternal religious identity often predicts these religious variables, I found that the religious identity and engagement of parents generally do not predict religious identity in adulthood. Ultimately, while these results generally show strong predictive mechanisms of intergenerational transmission, they also illustrate that these relationships are variably dependent on the form of parental and adult religious engagement, and which parent participates or is associated with that engagement.

Lukman Hakim

The big idea of religious moderation is a solution to the problem of spreading radical and intolerant views in the millennial generation. Instagram Pondok Lirboyo and Serambi Lirboyo are Islamic boarding schools with many followers with religious moderation content. This study aims to determine the narrative characteristics of religious moderation and the visual communication structure of the millennial generation in the Serambi Lirboyo and Pondok Lirboyo accounts. This study uses qualitative methods through a virtual ethnographic approach. The main object of this study is religious moderation content on Instagram by Pondok Lirboyo and Serambi Lirboyo. Data collection techniques were carried out through participatory observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results are (1) the narrative characteristics of religious moderation emphasize the moral messages of compassion and mutual respect, preaching in a polite manner, and harmony between religion and nationalism. Meanwhile, the narrative form of religious moderation is packaged through past stories, wise sentences from masyayikhs and Islamic leaders, explanations with evidence, and language typical of the millennial generation. (2) The visual communication structure includes lines, shapes, forms, typography, values, and colors. At the same time, the principles of visual communication consist of symmetrical balance, elemental harmony, contrast, and pattern. The formulation of these visual communication components produces exciting content, especially for the millennial generation.

zoliya atina, Armasito Armasito

ABSTRACT   Crime is an act that often occurs in the community, one of which occurs in the Legal Area of ​​the Pemulutan Police. This is very disturbing and disturbing the problems and security of the community. Therefore, the role of the police is needed to make countermeasures in order to minimize the acts of persecution that occur. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the role of the police in tackling criminal acts at the Pemulutan Police of Ogan Ilir Regency and how Islamic criminal law is on the role of the Police in tackling criminal acts at the Pemulutan Police of Ogan Ilir Regency. The method used in this research is empirical juridical with qualitative type. The conclusion of this study is that the role of the police in tackling criminal acts at the Polsek Pemulutan is carried out with two efforts, namely preventive efforts and repressive efforts. Prevention is carried out in the form of general efforts, namely socialization of the culture of prohibiting violence, increasing happiness, and the dangers of drug and alcohol efforts. Then repressive efforts are tackling the case settlement process from the investigation and investigation of the Public Prosecutor's case to resolve the trial problem and the settlement of case settlement with a peace system (restorative justice) and the settlement of case settlement. Then the second is that the role of the police in tackling criminal acts at the Pemulutan Police of Ogan Ilir Regency is carried out in accordance with Islamic criminal law as has been implemented by Rasulullah SAW in terms of law, which aims to carry out amar ma'ruf nahi munkar and to achieve the objectives of criminal law. Islam as it can maintain life as Maqāsid Ash-Syarī'aḥ or Al-Maqasid Al-Khomsah, namely hif annafs (maintaining the soul), Hifzh-dīn (maintaining religion), hif-'aql (maintaining reason), hifzh an-nasb (maintaining offspring) and hifz al-māl (maintaining property). Keywords: Islamic Criminal Law, Countermeasures, Role of Police, Crime of Persecution

Matteo Corsalini

In an age of fear, insecurity, and multiple and overlapping crises, the fortunes of ESG—the idea that companies should include environmental, social, and governance standards of good performance—are now steadily growing. This is all the truer in the West, where corporate financial misconduct and, more worryingly, corporate political activities impacting democratic processes, have become a matter of evident concern. Business scholars and policymakers are, however, still uncertain about which corporate activities merit an ESG label, with pressure groups pushing for their own ESG definitions and standards according to their agendas and beliefs. Against this background, this paper contributes to this Special Issues’ guiding question of how religions can act as agents of civic mobilisation by critically examining their role in addressing sustainability topics due to religious concerns from a legal perspective. This current paper hopes to create a preliminary intellectual bridge between two apparently unrelated fields of research (law and religion; corporate governance) that could help scholars in both areas to develop expertise and sophistication in applying their respective specialities to an otherwise unfamiliar area.

Almudena Recio-Román, Manuel Recio-Menéndez, María Victoria Román-González

This paper analyzes the relationship between religion and innovation in Europe. To the best knowledge of the authors, no paper has been published about the association of religion with innovation and innovative products and services, at an individual level, for all the countries that belong to the European Union. This is the main goal of our paper. The results show that the orientation of innovativeness depends on religion. This study contains a segmentation of the main religions in Europe, taking into account their innovative profile. Connecting the characteristics of the religious segments found and the innovations life-cycle concept, companies have a tool to manage different innovations’ evolutive stages taking into consideration the religion of their customers. The European policy-makers, still dominated by a traditional innovation approach, gain a demand-side perspective to improve citizen’s innovativeness awareness and acceptance. Finally, religiosity does not seem to have a very strong relationship with attitudes towards innovation once we control for religious affiliation.

Dennis Adu-Gyasi, Kwaku Poku Asante, Margaret T. Frempong et al.

Background: Helminths are among the most widespread infectious agents prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the developing world defined by inadequate sanitation, poverty and unsafe water sources. This study was carried out to describe the distribution of helminth and malaria parasite infections in the middle-belt of Ghana in sub-Saharan Africa where disease burden, including anaemia is rife and helminths are perceived to be significant contributors of the burden. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 1826 residents located in the middle belt of Ghana where no or very little previous community-based helminth work had been carried out. The participants randomly recruited at household level provided biological samples collected over a 12-month period following a rigorous consenting process and these were analysed to describe the different types and seasonal distribution of helminths. Findings: Overall, 19.3% intestinal helminth infection prevalence was documented. Also based on parasites targeted for elimination, 12.1% Hookworm, 4.0% Hymenolepis nana/Hymenolepis dimunita, 1.5% Ascaris lumbricoides, 1.5% Taenia species, 0.9% Strongyloides stercoralis and 0.8% Trichuris trichiura, with about 1.0% polyphelminthiasis were recorded in the survey. About 55.4% and 44.4% of the participants had heavy hookworm and Trichuris infections respectively. Most of the Ascariasis (83.3%) infections were light in intensity. Hookworm infection was identified with significant odds considering decreasing age (OR = 2.09, p = 0.03), inappropriate footwear use (OR = 1.88, p = 0.021), malaria parasite co-infection (OR = 1.62, p = 0.018), not scrubbing nails during hand washing (OR = 0.68, p = 0.048), source of drinking water (OR = 2.51, p = 0.027) and religion (OR = 4.36, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Hookworm infection was significantly higher in younger age groups and among those who did not have safe drinking water. Proper sanitation, protective footwear, religion and good personal hygiene practices were found to influence helminth and hookworm prevalence in the area. Malaria parasite coinfection with helminths, especially hookworm infections increased 2-fold. Keywords: Helminth, Malaria, Environmental and personal hygiene

Oostveen Daan F.

The phenomenon of multiple religious belonging is studied from different perspectives, each of which reveals a different understanding of religion, religious diversity and religious belonging. This shows that the phenomenon of multiple religious belonging is challenging the applicability of these central notions in academic enquiry about religion. In this article, I present the different perspectives on multiple religious belonging in theology of religions and show how the understanding of some central scholarly notions is different. In Christian theology, the debate on multiple religious belonging is conducted between particularists, who focus on the uniqueness of religious traditions, and pluralists, who focus on the shared religious core of religious traditions. Both positions are criticized by feminist and post-colonial theologians. They believe that both particularists and pluralists focus too strongly on religious traditions and the boundaries between them. I argue that the hermeneutic study of multiple religious belonging could benefit from a more open understanding of religious traditions and religious boundaries, as proposed by these feminist and post-colonial scholars. In order to achieve this goal we could also benefit from a more intercultural approach to multiple religious belonging in order to understand religious belonging in a nonexclusive way.

Sandeep Grover, Siddharth Sarkar, Subho Chakrabarti et al.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the socio-demographic and the clinical profile of children and adolescents presenting with Intentional self-harm. Materials and Methods: Records of all children and adolescents (≤19 years) seen by the consultation liaison (CL) services during the period of 2000-2012 were screened. Patients with a diagnosis of intentional self-harm (at the time of assessment) were taken up for this study. Data was extracted from the records, to study the socio-demographic and clinical profile. Results: During the study period, 101 patients aged ≤19 years and diagnosed with intentional self-harm at the time of admission were evaluated by the psychiatry CL services in various emergency and medical surgical wards. In the study population, females (N = 61; 60.4%) outnumbered males. The age of the patients ranged from 12 to 19 with a median and mean of 17.0 years (standard deviation-1.6 years; interquartile range 16-18 years). Children and adolescent with self harm were more commonly females, from nuclear families, middle socio-economic status and Hindu by religion. The common method of self-harm in adolescents is by ingestion of insecticides (65%) and the self-harm behavior was often precipitated by interpersonal problems in the family context. About one-fifth of the patients have psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the most common method of intentional self-harm in children and adolescents is consumption of insecticides and precipitated by interpersonal problems in the family context.

Mélaine Bertrand Poda

The Republic of Benin, formerly called the kingdom of Dahomey, is a country with important cultural and historical heritage. Land of tradition and Voodoo par excellence, Benin is now a set of popular cultural assets. For the young Beninese generations, at a time of globalization, Benin with its diversified cultural resources, must assert itself on the international stage by enhancing its different cultural potentialities. Among these are included traditional music inspired by the voodoo religion, important elements born of traditional practices. The first festival of Voodoo arts and cultures in Ouidah organized in 1993 under the patronage of Unesco shows a real craze at international level. Examples are numerous and we can also mention Pan African meetings with the Market for African Performing Arts (MASA) in Côte d’Ivoire, a symbol of encounter between peoples and cultures of Africa. Many cultures were represented on that occasion. In 2003, the Gangbé Brass Band, worldly famous, was part of the three music bands from Benin which were present at the festival, and whose inspiration is drawn from the tradition of Vodoun, coming clearly within the scope of a process of promoting cultural values ​​of Benin. Between improvisation on jazz rhythms and a style worthy of a fanfare, showing off through the streets of Benin and on international stages, their message is clear: they claim that, being in chase of modernity, leaving tradition aside appears as a decoy. By mixing the sounds of their metal rhythms with jazz and rhythms inherited from vodun convents, that are places of initiation rites par excellence, they manage to revive the roots of black music in an original way.

Dr ghorban Elmi, Maryam Sajedi Nasab

Excessive sanctity of the oral tradition (Talmud) among Rabbinic Judaism, sometimes, which marginalized the Holy Scriptures among Jews, caused appearance of a sect that rejected the oral tradition. It was the Karaites sect that appeared in 8th century; the century of Messiah movements of the eastern Jewish society. Among the causes of these Messiah movements are the appearance of Islam, and reestablishment of the traditional style of leadership of the Jewish society; and the appearance of social-economical riots as consequences of this kind of leadership. Responding to these crises some Jews found some reforms necessary in their religion. Among these was Anan Ben David. The general rule of Anan was rejection of oral tradition, and returning to the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament). He believed every individual is required to take responsibility for interpreting the Scriptures, which resulted nothing but a lot of divisions in his newly appeared sect. But Karaite scholars prevented the sect from experiencing more split, by approving a series of interpretation rules. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Karaite literary men like Kirkisāni, David b. Boaz, Japhet b. Ali, Joseph Al-Basir and Jeshua b. Judah appeared; and laid the foundation of Karaite's theological philosophy by getting help from Mutazilah theology. And after this period, Karaite scholars just engaged in translation, explanation and interpretation of the rich works of this period and created the most useful Jewish philosophy in Middle Ages.

Widyastini Widyastini

This research aim is to know how far is the value of moral still being used by means of measurement in case of achieving human life happiness, especially in connection with God, human to human, and human to sicrumstances. When human without any bases on moral values, so the life of human will run imbalancely and more focus on his own needs than those society in general this case is based of princple; "Goals to permit all the ways" and the result is that human will be not human. For more knowing about and aknowledge more in deep about the probelm of moral, in which always scope human life, so it possibly need to observe and research moral value consisted in the tasawuf Al-Ghazali and the influence towards Islamic ethics, so that eventually, will be attained the benefits for Indonesian nations in which most people embrace Islamic religion, especially in running recent development. This research was held by having observed bibliographical studies, especially concerning with the title of the research, beth in the form of books and literatures by striving to look for data of tasawuf Al-Ghazali and the influence towards Islamic ethics. Based on the research results having been analized, so that it can be drawn some conclusion that in Islamic principles, the probelms of moral values discrussing about many probelms both of the good and bad become the most essential probelm, both the tasawuf Al-Ghazali and Islamic ethics and the influence of tasawuf Al-Ghazali towards Islamic ethics looked at and involved in the moral resource underlaying that is Al Qur'an and Al-Hadits.

Salim Rashid

This is a wide-ranging and fascinating collection of papers dealing with the impact of religion on what may be called the social economy. It is an ecumenical volume in that it begins with the Catholic Church then considers severaJ forms of Protestantism, then goes on to discus Judaism, and finally considers Islam. It should be clear that the volume is predominantly "Christian," but the effort to include the other monotheistic religions is very welcome. One difficulty in reviewing this volume is that many of the papers are informative but not representative of the religious traditions they represent. Thus A. M. C. Waterman's piece describes a particular phase of Anglican social thought, and the same is true of the one by Paul Heyne. Perhaps an overview is po ible only for those movements which are no longer active, a in Ronald Preston's fine contribution on Christian Socialism in Britain. I must confess some surprise on finding the vigor with which any perceived defect of the market was defended. For Muslims, some of the most interesting points about this volume are to be found in the instances of active politicians who took strong religious stands. Abraham Kuyper's vision of neo-Calvinism is the outstanding example in the paper by Bob Goudzwaard, but Waterman's presentation of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's views are equally revealing. Of less practical import, but nonetheles equally intriguing, is the account by John Yoder of the "First Reformation" in Czechoslovakia as well as the reasons for the neglect of this movement-lack of political support, linguistic distance from We tern Europe, and an ab ence of shared doctrinal formulations. The description of Judaism and the Market Mechanism by Meir Tamari provides many parallels with Islamic market supervi ion, and there is even ...

Abstract. The general knowledge and understanding that every teacher of religion and science should have relative to chemistry can be found in the answers to three major questions. In my own response to the first question, How did chemistry emerge as a discipline? I trace the origins, establishment, and subsequent historical significance of cosmology. I contend that chemistry is “the obvious, oldest science” and, as such, has played a key role among the sciences in agelong human efforts to understand reality. In my response to the second question, How do chemists currently view (cosmic) reality? I outline three prominent examples in support of my contention that chemistry, despite being “the obvious, oldest science,” is seen by some as playing only a tacit role in current efforts to (re)integrate religion and science. In my response to the third question, How do chemists currently view ultimate reality and meaning? I argue that “unifiers” in chemistry can also now play a key role in a reality revolution that is pointing humankind not only toward a possible historical (re) integration of religion and science but also toward a return to cosmology.

Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad

This paper explores the insights provided by an analysis of the compatibility of democracy and constitutionalism with Islamic law. Such a discussion would benefit from an assessment of aspects of the United States Constitution in light of the Qur’an and the Madinah Covenant. The issues explored include the permissibility of man-made constitutions in Islamic law, the goals of such constitutions, the relative roles of positive law and discovery, the separation of powers, the specification of principles as opposed to mechanisms of government, succession, treason, slavery, racism, amendment, separation of state and religion, human rights, private property, and unenumerated rights.