We consider triangulations of closed $2$-dimensional (not necessarily orientable) surfaces. Any minimal set of zigzags that double covers the set of edges provides a $z$-orientation of the triangulation. We introduce Markov chains of $z$-oriented triangulations. Our main result is a characterization of their ergodicity. This topic is closely connected to coloring of Eulerian triangulations.
Shery Dyn L. Ramos, Saturnino E. Dalagan, Maria Gloria R. Lugo
This study investigates the key factors driving students to shift between different course programs at Davao Oriental State University (DOrSU). Using a qualitative approach, the research examines academic, social, and institutional influences that affect program migration. Data were collected through interviews with students who experienced program shifts, selected through a convenience sampling method. Thematic analysis, revealed recurring themes such as academic challenges, misalignment of career aspirations, peer influence, and institutional barriers, including limited faculty support and rigid policies. Additionally, financial constraints and evolving career goals were found to play a significant role in students' decisions to change programs. The findings provide valuable insights for the university to enhance academic advising, improve student support services, and align programs with career aspirations, ultimately aiming to reduce program migration rates and improve student retention.
Given an oriented graph $\overrightarrow{G}$ and $D$ a distance set of $\overrightarrow{G}$, $\overrightarrow{G}$ is $D$-antimagic if there exists a bijective vertex labeling such that the sum of all labels of the $D$-out-neighbors of each vertex is distinct. This paper investigates $D$-antimagic labelings of 2-regular oriented graphs. We characterize $D$-antimagic oriented cycles, when $|D|=1$; $D$-antimagic unidirectional odd cycles, when $|D|=2$; and $D$-antimagic $Θ$-oriented cycles. Finally, we characterize $D$-antimagic oriented 2-regular graphs, when $|D|=1$, and $D$-antimagic $Θ$-oriented 2-regular graphs.
An oriented graph $\overrightarrow{G}$ is pushably $k$-critical if it is not pushably $k$-colorable, but every proper subgraph of $\overrightarrow{G}$ is. The main result of this article is that every pushably $3$-critical oriented graph on $n$ vertices, but for four exceptions, has at least $\frac{15n+2}{13}$ arcs, and that this bound is tight. As an application of this result, we show that the class of oriented graphs with maximum average degree strictly less than $\frac{30}{13}$ and girth at least $5$, which includes all oriented planar and projective planar graphs with girth at least $15$, have pushable chromatic number at most $3$. Moreover, we provide an exhaustive list of pushably $3$-critical graphs with maximum average degree equal to $\frac{30}{13}$ and a pushably $3$-critical orientation of a $4$-cycle to prove the tightness of our bound with respect to both maximum average degree and girth. We also show that these classes of oriented graphs admit a homomorphism to an oriented planar graph on six vertices (an orientation of $K_{2,2,2}$) which (tightly) improves a result due to Borodin \textit{et al.} [Discrete Mathematics 1998]. Furthermore, for these classes of oriented graphs, we prove that the $2$-dipath $L(p,q)$ and the oriented $L(p,q)$ spans are upper bounded by $2p+3q$ for all $q \leq p$. All these implications improve previously known results.
We recall and define various kinds of supersingular $\ell$-isogeny graphs and precise graph isomorphism with a corresponding quaternion $\ell$-ideal graph. In particular, we introduce the notion of double-orientations on supersingular elliptic curves and study the structure of double-oriented supersingular $\ell$-isogeny graphs.
Faramarz Koohsar, Saied Reza Naddaf, Hamed Mirjalali
et al.
Trichinella britovi is a parasite prevalent in the temperate regions of the vast Palearctic realm, including Iran. In this study, we investigated Trichinella infection in road-killed animals and carcasses in northern and northeastern Iran by artificial digestion. We assessed species identification and intraspecific genetic diversity using the markers 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (5S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI). Of the 80 encountered carcasses, 10 had Trichinella infection, including seven golden jackals, one wolf, one wild cat, and one wild boar. BLAST analysis exhibited the highest similarities with T. britovi sequences in the GenBank database, at 99.79%, 99.84%, and 100% for COXI, 5S rDNA, and ITS1, respectively. All 5S rDNA sequences were identical, while analysis using DnaSP software identified eight haplotypes in the ITS1 region and six haplotypes in the COXI sequences. The phylogenetic analysis based on the COXI marker clustered all T. britovi sequences, including those from Iran, into a distinct clade. Furthermore, this marker revealed shallow branching, dividing T. britovi sequences into two subclades. The first subclade, the “European” group, consisted exclusively of haplotypes from Poland. In contrast, the second subclade, “Euro-Asiatic,” included haplotypes of Asian and European origins. The Euro-Asiatic and European populations exhibited a 0.52% genetic distance while showing 0.59% and 0.15% intrapopulation divergence, respectively. Further studies involving specimens from other regions of Iran, particularly the southeast adjoining the Oriental zoogeographical zone, could provide additional insights into the molecular identity and population structures of T. britovi and potentially other species in Iran.
The article presents an edition of three Late Babylonian fragments of Šumma ālu Tablet 43, previously considered separate manuscripts, but now virtually joined into a single witness that preserves the most complete version of the text.
Oriental languages and literatures, Asian. Oriental
Rozzi, Geraldina, Jiménez, Enrique, Bennett, Elizabeth
The article includes the following notes: 48. “CBS.11957: A New Manuscript of Middle Babylonian Atraḫasīs”; 49. “More Gilgameš Fragments”; 50. “A New Late Babylonian Fragment of Nergal and Ereškigal”; 51. “New Manuscripts of the Syncretistic Hymn to Gula (2)”.
Oriental languages and literatures, Asian. Oriental
BackgroundHwabyung is a Korean culture-bound syndrome characterized by anger-related physical and psychological symptoms. Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder that occurs worldwide and is highly comorbid with Hwabyung. In traditional East Asian medicine, both Hwabyung and depression are associated with an imbalance in vital energy termed qi. Mindfulness induces psychosomatic balance, and qigong facilitates the cultivation and regulation of qi, which may be effective treatments for Hwabyung and depression. This study aimed to investigate whether Mindfulness and Qigong Training for Self-Healing (MQT-SH) could improve psychosomatic symptoms in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorders.MethodsThis was a two-arm, randomized controlled trial. Patients diagnosed with both Hwabyung and depressive disorder were included in the trial. A total of 64 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental (n=32) or control group (n=32). The experimental group underwent MQT-SH that consisted of mindfulness and qigong for the first six weeks, whereas the control group received no treatment. During the next six weeks, the control group performed MQT-SH for ethical equity. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (6-week), and follow-up (12-week).ResultsMQT-SH significantly decreased Hwabyung, depression, anxiety, and anger while increasing subjective vitality, and the effectiveness of the intervention were maintained at a short-term follow-up of 6 weeks. Physical vitality mediated the effectiveness of the MQT-SH on Hwabyung, whereas psychological vitality mediated the effectiveness of the MQT-SH on depression. Only one adverse event was reported during the intervention period. Home practice was not significantly associated with any intervention change.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that MQT-SH is an effective and safe intervention for patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorders. This study explored the possibility that subjective vitality may serve as a mechanism for treating psychosomatic and mood symptoms. Future studies should control for placebo effects and conduct long-term follow-ups.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyung-Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital in Gangdong (KHNMCOH 2023-09-003).Clinical trial registrationhttps://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=26882&status=5&seq_group=25511&search_page=M, identifier KCT0008937.
A comprehensive revision is presented of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae: Aciliini) and seven junior subjective synonyms are proposed. Sandracottus guerini Balfour-Browne, 1939, syn. nov. is a junior subjective synonym of S. femoralis Heller, 1934; S. manipurensis Vazirani, 1969, syn. nov. of S. hunteri (Crotch, 1872); S. mixtus Blanchard, 1843, syn. nov. of S. chevrolati (Aubé, 1838); and S. angulifer Heller, 1934, syn. nov., S. nauticus Sharp, 1882, syn. nov., and S. palawanensis Satô, 1978, syn. nov. of S. maculatus (Wehncke, 1876). Finally, S. vijayakumari Anand et al., 2021, syn. nov. is a new synonym of S. dejeanii (Aubé, 1838). New status is assigned to S. bakewellii guttatus (Sharp, 1882), stat. nov. as well as S. hunteri (Crotch, 1872), stat. rev. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Dytiscus flavocinctus Guérin-Méneville, 1830, Hydaticus chevrolati Aubé, 1838, Hydaticus insignis Wehncke, 1876, Sandracottus baeri Régimbart, 1899, Sandracottus bizonatus Régimbart, 1899, and Sandracottus ornatus Sharp, 1882. A neotype is designated for Hydaticus maculatus Wehncke, 1876. In total, three Oriental species, two of which also occur in the East Palaearctic, six Southeast Asian species, one species from New Guinea and the Moluccas, and one from Australia with an endemic subspecies in Central Australia (S. bakewellii guttatus) are recognised. Each taxon is presented with a diagnosis, habitat preferences, conservation assessments, distribution data, and a comprehensive bibliography. Important characters (habitus, dorsal colouration, median lobes and parameres) are illustrated. All currently valid taxa are redescribed. Sandracottus jaechi Wewalka & Vazirani, 1975 from Sri Lanka, S. bizonatus from Borneo, S. insignis from the Philippines and S. rotundus Sharp, 1882 from Sulawesi are recommended to be listed in the next IUCN red data book. A key to all species is provided.
Let $H$ be an oriented graph without directed cycle. The oriented Ramsey number of $H$, denoted by $\overrightarrow{r}(H)$, is the smallest integer $N$ such that every tournament on $N$ vertices contains a copy of $H$. Rosenfeld (JCT-B, 1974) conjectured that $\overrightarrow{r}(H)=|H|$ if $H$ is a cycle of sufficiently large order, which was confirmed for $|H|\geq 9$ by Zein recently, and so does if $H$ is a path. Note that $\overrightarrow{r}(H)=|H|$ implies any tournament contains $H$ as a spanning subdigraph, it is interesting to ask when $\overrightarrow{r}(H)=|H|$ for $H$ being a sparse oriented graph. Sós (1986) conjectured this is true if $H$ is a directed path plus an additional edge containing the origin of the path as one end, which was confirmed by Petrović (JGT, 1988). In this paper, we show that $\overrightarrow{r}(H)=|H|$ for $H$ being an oriented graph obtained by identifying a vertex of an antidirected cycle with one end of a directed path. Some other oriented Ramsey numbers for oriented graphs with one cycle are also discussed.
Let $k$ be a positive integer. A $k$-cycle-factor of an oriented graph is a set of disjoint cycles of length $k$ that covers all vertices of the graph. In this paper, we prove that there exists a positive constant $c$ such that for $n$ sufficiently large, any oriented graph on $n$ vertices with both minimum out-degree and minimum in-degree at least $(1/2-c)n$ contains a $k$-cycle-factor for any $k\geq4$. Additionally, under the same hypotheses, we also show that for any sequence $n_1, \ldots, n_t$ with $\sum^t_{i=1}n_i=n$ and the number of the $n_i$ equal to $3$ is $αn$, where $α$ is any real number with $0<α<1/3$, the oriented graph contains $t$ disjoint cycles of lengths $n_1, \ldots, n_t$. This conclusion is the best possible in some sense and refines a result of Keevash and Sudakov.
This study sheds new light on Ištar-šumu-ēreš, the chief scribe of Ashurbanipal, through an examination of his colophons. A systematic analysis of the Nineveh colophons has provided new insights into Ištar-šumu-ēreš’s work beyond what is known from the royal letters. His tablets, which derive from two different periods of his life, reveal some of his activities in different contexts, including the so-called ‘Ashurbanipal’s Library’. This research therefore helps us to understand how an important but hitherto largely anonymous corpus came into being.
Oriental languages and literatures, Asian. Oriental
The Anatolian hieroglyphic script has number of signs, which have not been studied in a systematic manner, the so-called ‘phonetic indicators’ or ‘phonetic complements’. This category comprises a small group of phonetic signs, which occur in combination with semantic signs and seem to hint at part of their phonetic realisation. The following article offers a study of phonetic complements in hieroglyphic inscriptions. It shows that clear rules govern the use of these signs, and it is suggested that this group should be called ‘phonetic classifiers’, analogous to ‘semantic classifiers’.
Oriental languages and literatures, Asian. Oriental
Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978) is one of the most influential books of literary studies, and it has, arguably more than any other academic book, contributed to the advancement of post-colonial studies in the Western academy. A large, impressive body of scholarly contributions have taken up Said’s project of interrogating Western representations of non-Western people and understanding how these representations are consolidated and distributed by and, in turn, consolidate and distribute imperial power. While this work is necessary, its narrow focus on Western literary representations, often in English or French, misses one of Said’s most profound concerns in Orientalism: how orientalist representations circulate and gain currency in the so-called orient itself. In the ‘Introduction’ to Orientalism, Said directly addresses readers in the post-colonial world, alerting them to the power and influence of orientalist discourse: ‘My hope is to illustrate the formidable structure of cultural domination and, specifically for formerly colonized peoples, the dangers and temptations of employing this structure upon themselves or upon others’. Said analyses a specific pattern of cultural domination whereby orientalist representations are absorbed by intellectual and popular discourses in postcolonial sites due to global hierarchies of political power and knowledge production: ‘the pages of books and journals in Arabic (and doubtless in Japanese, various Indian dialects, and other Oriental languages) are filled with second-order analyses by Arabs of “the Arab mind”, “Islam”, and other myths’. Based on these observations, Said declares: ‘The modern Orient, in short, participates in its own Orientalizing’. How can we critically study such self-orientalising representations in post-colonial literature? Maryam Wasif Khan’s book, Who is a Muslim? Orientalism and Literary Populisms, addresses this question. Building on Aamir Mufti’s suggestion that ‘the critique of Orientalism must ultimately lead us to the Orientalized spaces themselves’, Khan’s book tracks ‘the longer journey of the oriental tale into the orient, and subsequently into the postcolonial nation-state’ (185). Khan develops the argument that Muslims in South Asia were separated from Hindus by orientalist literary representations, especially the oriental tale and its post-colonial adaptations, marking Muslims as foreigners while representing Hindus as the true and only natives of India. She joins scholars such as Vinay Dharwadker, Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Aamir Mufti, Mrityunjay Tripathi and Walter Hakala in studying the impact of British orientalism on the development of modern literary traditions in South Asia, especially focusing on the identitarian split between Muslims and Hindus that continues to have disastrous consequences for the people of South Asia. Khan provides a unique and compelling angle into the discussion by focusing on the
ABSTRACT Mahonia Nuttall (Berberidaceae Jussieu) is an East Asian‒North American disjunct evergreen genus. There are many fossil records of Mahonia from the Eocene to Pleistocene in North America and Europe, but only a few reliable fossils have been reported from East Asia. Compressed fossil leaflets, described here as Mahonia mangbangensis sp. nov. and Mahonia cf. oiwakensis, were collected from the Pliocene Mangbang Formation in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. These new fossil specimens show the same leaf architectural characteristics as those belonging to the Group Orientales of Mahonia, and represent the youngest occurrence of the genus in East Asia. This new fossil discovery extends the stratigraphic range of Mahonia in East Asia and provides new insights into the potential differentiation and migration routes of the Group Orientales in China. Mahonia probably differentiated during the Pliocene in western Yunnan, representing part of the diversification history of this genus in East Asia.
A finite group $G$ admits an {\em oriented regular representation} if there exists a Cayley digraph of $G$ such that it has no digons and its automorphism group is isomorphic to $G$. Let $m$ be a positive integer. In this paper, we extend the notion of oriented regular representations to oriented $m$-semiregular representations using $m$-Cayley digraphs. Given a finite group $G$, an {\em $m$-Cayley digraph} of $G$ is a digraph that has a group of automorphisms isomorphic to $G$ acting semiregularly on the vertex set with $m$ orbits. We say that a finite group $G$ admits an {\em oriented $m$-semiregular representation} if there exists a regular $m$-Cayley digraph of $G$ such that it has no digons and $G$ is isomorphic to its automorphism group. In this paper, we classify finite groups admitting an oriented $m$-semiregular representation for each positive integer $m$.
This paper applies the notions of mobility, mobility capital, gender, and ageing to analyze marriage migration and the trajectories of geographical and social mobility of Thai-Dutch couples moving from the Netherlands to Thailand. It is based on in-depth interviews with 12 Thai-Dutch couples who moved from the Netherlands to Thailand and resided in Thailand for between three and twelve years. The study explores the key role of mobility capital in stimulating Thai-Dutch couples’ imaginations, their perceptions, and their potential for movement. In terms of their ‘mobility turn’, I argue that their trajectories of mobility and relocation to Thailand should not be understood as a linear and permanent movement from the Netherlands to Thailand. Rather, this mobility is fluid, complicated, and sometimes fragmented. It is marked by the practices of waiting, hesitation to move, imagining their return, preparing to move, having actually returned, and travelling back and forth between Thailand and the Netherlands. It also encompasses local spatial move-ment in daily life.