Hasil untuk "Art"

Ekim Yurtsever, Jacob Lambert, Alexander Carballo et al.

Automated driving systems (ADSs) promise a safe, comfortable and efficient driving experience. However, fatalities involving vehicles equipped with ADSs are on the rise. The full potential of ADSs cannot be realized unless the robustness of state-of-the-art is improved further. This paper discusses unsolved problems and surveys the technical aspect of automated driving. Studies regarding present challenges, high-level system architectures, emerging methodologies and core functions including localization, mapping, perception, planning, and human machine interfaces, were thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, many state-of-the-art algorithms were implemented and compared on our own platform in a real-world driving setting. The paper concludes with an overview of available datasets and tools for ADS development.

Marcia C. Inhorn, P. Patrizio

V. Mudimbe

H. Samji, A. Cescon, Robert S. Hogg et al.

Background Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased survival among HIV-positive adults in the United States (U.S.) and Canada, but gains in life expectancy for this region have not been well characterized. We aim to estimate temporal changes in life expectancy among HIV-positive adults on ART from 2000–2007 in the U.S. and Canada. Methods Participants were from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD), aged ≥20 years and on ART. Mortality rates were calculated using participants' person-time from January 1, 2000 or ART initiation until death, loss to follow-up, or administrative censoring December 31, 2007. Life expectancy at age 20, defined as the average number of additional years that a person of a specific age will live, provided the current age-specific mortality rates remain constant, was estimated using abridged life tables. Results The crude mortality rate was 19.8/1,000 person-years, among 22,937 individuals contributing 82,022 person-years and 1,622 deaths. Life expectancy increased from 36.1 [standard error (SE) 0.5] to 51.4 [SE 0.5] years from 2000–2002 to 2006–2007. Men and women had comparable life expectancies in all periods except the last (2006–2007). Life expectancy was lower for individuals with a history of injection drug use, non-whites, and in patients with baseline CD4 counts <350 cells/mm3. Conclusions A 20-year-old HIV-positive adult on ART in the U.S. or Canada is expected to live into their early 70 s, a life expectancy approaching that of the general population. Differences by sex, race, HIV transmission risk group, and CD4 count remain.

Ira Greenberg, Dianna Xu, Deepak Kumar

Youze Tang, Yanchen Shi, Xiaokui Xiao

R. Granich, C. Gilks, C. Dye et al.

B. Cheng, R. D. Lemos, H. Giese et al.

Jacques Ranciére, Gregory Ellion

G. Carpenter, S. Grossberg, Natalya Markuzon et al.

H. Gasteiger, S. Kocha, Bhaskar Sompalli et al.

Egbe Terence Awoh, Achisa C. Mecha, Joseph Kiplagat et al.

Palm processing industries leave behind huge amounts of biomass annually which are not usually being disposed of sustainably. This study utilizes fast and feasible means of converting empty palm bunch biomass into supercapacitor electrodes. The two-step carbonization-activation method was used to synthesize the highly porous activated carbon, which was used in the electrodes. The resulting materials exhibited patterns similar to that of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and a maximum specific surface area of 1375 m2/g. The supercapacitor designed from the porous activated carbon exhibits the greatest specific capacitance of 251 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s, under 6 M KOH electrolyte. The corresponding GCD analysis at 100 mA/g current density was 346 F/g, and about 82.9 % of the original capacitance value was retained even after 5000 GCD cycles. The energy density and power density were 17.16 Wh/kg and 180.1 W/kg, respectively. This work does not only provide a feasible route for the management of palm agro-industrial waste, but also produces carbon materials whose electrochemical performance are competitive to state-of-the-art biomass-derived carbon, offering a sustainable pathway for electrochemical energy storage.

Mingzhu Tao, Muye Xia, Tao Yu et al.

Abstract Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for HIV treatment but has been associated with metabolic adverse effects. However, real-world longitudinal data on these metabolic changes remain limited. This study aimed to characterize weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in ART-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) initiating INSTI-based versus efavirenz (EFV)-based therapy. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled 772 participants at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2020 to 2023. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: EFV/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/lamivudine (3TC) (n = 389); elvitegravir/cobicistat (EVG/c)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/emtricitabine (FTC) or bictegravir (BIC)/TAF/FTC (n = 168); and dolutegravir (DTG)/3TC or DTG/3TC/TDF (n = 215). Metabolic parameters—including body mass index (BMI), lipids, and hepatic steatosis assessed via controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)—were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months using generalized estimating equations. Results At 24 months, INSTI-based regimens were associated with significantly higher BMI compared to EFV/TDF/3TC (all P < 0.001), with no difference between INSTI subtypes. All groups showed early increases in triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) that stabilized after 12 months; TG and TC levels at 24 months did not differ significantly between TAF-containing INSTI regimens and other groups. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis (CAP ≥ 238 dB/m) peaked at 31.2% at year 1 and declined to 28.8% at year 2. Multivariate analysis identified higher BMI (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.44–1.67; p < 0.001), elevated TG (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.70; p < 0.001), and elevated LDL-C (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.21–2.98; p = 0.005) as independent risk factors. Conclusion INSTI-based ART was associated with sustained weight gain but did not worsen long-term dyslipidemia compared to an EFV-based regimen in a real-world setting. Hepatic steatosis correlated with metabolic parameters rather than INSTI exposure.

N. G. Krivulya

INTRODUCTION. As society changes, so do the forms and strategies of education, the challenges faced by educators, and the perception of their role. These changes are reflected not only in sociological research, statistical data, and media sources, but also in works of screen art. Examining the portrayal of teachers in animation is relevant in light of the transformation of their role, functions, and significance in society.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material includes more than 50 domestic animated films and series created from 1927 to 2024. The study employs the methods of frequency and comparative analysis, as well as contextual, thematic, and iconographic approaches, which allow for examining the iconography of images, the frequency of use of specific details, comparing images, and identifying constant and changing elements, as well as tracking the transformational changes in the portrayal of teachers in domestic animation.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, there has been a change in the perception of the teacher's image, which has transformed from a non-personal and sacred figure to a caricatured and mocking one. The roles of the teacher have also evolved, ranging from a mentor to a guide to a new world, from a knowledge-bearing figure and an organizer of the learning process to a supervisor and a punisher for academic negligence. The gendered portrait of a teacher is changing: the image of a male teacher, which was dominant in animation until the 1970s, is gradually being replaced by the image of a female teacher. In the portrayal of teachers, animation tends to use various comedic techniques and intonations, which can range from gentle irony and parody to outright mockery.CONCLUSION. In domestic animation, the teacher's portrait is presented in a schematic manner and is based on stereotypical representations. The image of the teacher as the main character in the story has not yet been developed. In films, the teacher is almost always portrayed in secondary or episodic roles. Modern Russian animation portrays negative perceptions of teachers, which is associated with the decline in the profession's authority in society.

Baha Ihnaini, Belal Abuhaija, Ebenezer Atta Mills et al.

Recently, the revival of the semantic similarity concept has been featured by the rapidly growing artificial intelligence research fueled by advanced deep learning architectures enabling machine intelligence using multimodal data. Thus, semantic similarity in multimodal data has gained substantial attention among researchers. However, the existing surveys on semantic similarity measures are restricted to a single modality, mainly text, which significantly limits the capability to understand the intelligence of real-world application scenarios. This study critically reviews semantic similarity approaches by shortlisting 223 vital articles from the leading databases and digital libraries to offer a comprehensive and systematic literature survey. The notable contribution is to illuminate the evolving landscape of semantic similarity and its crucial role in understanding, interpreting, and extracting meaningful information from multimodal data. Primarily, it highlights the challenges and opportunities inherent in different modalities, emphasizing the significance of advancements in cross-modal and multimodal semantic similarity approaches with potential application scenarios. Finally, the survey concludes by summarizing valuable future research directions. The insights provided in this survey improve the understanding and pave the way for further innovation by guiding researchers in leveraging the strength of semantic similarity for an extensive range of real-world applications.

Soyeon Hong, Hyeoungguk Kang, Hyunsouk Cho

Multimodal Emotion Recognition is an important research area for developing human-centric applications, especially in the context of video platforms. Most existing models have attempted to develop sophisticated fusion techniques to integrate heterogeneous features from different modalities. However, these fusion methods can affect performance since not all modalities help figure out the semantic alignment for emotion prediction. We observed that the 8.0&#x0025; of misclassified instances&#x2019; performance is improved for the existing fusion model when one of the input modalities is masked. Based on this observation, we propose a representation learning method called Cross-modal DynAmic Transfer learning (CDaT), which dynamically filters the low-confident modality and complements it with the high-confident modality using uni-modal masking and cross-modal representation transfer learning. We train an auxiliary network that learns model confidence scores to determine which modality is low-confident and how much the transfer should occur from other modalities. Furthermore, it can be used with any fusion model in a model-agnostic way because it leverages transfer between low-level uni-modal information via probabilistic knowledge transfer loss. Experiments have demonstrated the effect of CDaT with four different state-of-the-art fusion models on the CMU-MOSEI and IEMOCAP datasets for emotion recognition.

Da Gong, Zhenghang Li, Yuyan Song et al.

Industrial design (ID) refers to industrial product design based on engineering, aesthetics, and economy. Traditional industrial design refers to the creative activities of designing and designing products produced by industrial means to make the best match with the environment and the people who use them. This paper aims to study how to analyze and study the application of aesthetic art, that is, the concept of industrial design, based on functional nanomaterials, and this paper describes the electrospinning technology. This paper puts forward the problem of the industrial design concept, which is based on design aesthetics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of industrial design and related elements. The application of functional nanomaterials in industrial design is designed and analyzed. The experimental results show that when the acid soaking time is 4∼12 days, the mechanical strength of the nanofiber membrane is 7∼9 MPa. Compared with the untreated nanofiber membrane, it increased by 25.4%∼48.8%, and the ductility decreased from 81.5% to 44.1%.

Sylvain Colomer, Sylvain Colomer, Nicolas Cuperlier et al.

Autonomous vehicles require precise and reliable self-localization to cope with dynamic environments. The field of visual place recognition (VPR) aims to solve this challenge by relying on the visual modality to recognize a place despite changes in the appearance of the perceived visual scene. In this paper, we propose to tackle the VPR problem following a neuro-cybernetic approach. To this end, the Log-Polar Max-Pi (LPMP) model is introduced. This bio-inspired neural network allows building a neural representation of the environment via an unsupervised one-shot learning. Inspired by the spatial cognition of mammals, visual information in the LPMP model are processed through two distinct pathways: a “what” pathway that extracts and learns the local visual signatures (landmarks) of a visual scene and a “where” pathway that computes their azimuth. These two pieces of information are then merged to build a visuospatial code that is characteristic of the place where the visual scene was perceived. Three main contributions are presented in this article: 1) the LPMP model is studied and compared with NetVLAD and CoHog, two state-of-the-art VPR models; 2) a test benchmark for the evaluation of VPR models according to the type of environment traveled is proposed based on the Oxford car dataset; and 3) the impact of the use of a novel detector leading to an uneven paving of an environment is evaluated in terms of the localization performance and compared to a regular paving. Our experiments show that the LPMP model can achieve comparable or better localization performance than NetVLAD and CoHog.

Abdallah Alomari, Ebtesam khamees, Ahmad Kamel

The term indoor environmental quality is often confused with the term indoor air quality, but the term indoor environmental quality is larger and more comprehensive than the term indoor air quality , indoor air quality is a main part of indoor environmental quality which includes indoor air quality, the sustainable design has focused on the issue of the quality of the interior environment, as the sustainable interior design provides for achieving the quality of the interior environment by applying some special standards that are concerned with the quality of the interior air and the requirements of human comfort, the principle of internal environmental quality stipulates ensuring an internal environment in the dwelling that satisfies its residents, and this is done by providing fresh air inside the dwelling that does not cause harm to humans, by ensuring a good ventilation for the house, using building materials, interior finishing materials, furniture with low emissions and volatile materials, the requirement of thermal comfort should also be fulfilled by the temperature and humidity appropriate to the physiology of the human body, It is also necessary to secure the appropriate amount of lighting in the interior spaces of the dwelling by relying on natural lighting during the day. Achieving indoor environmental quality helps reduce the amount of energy consumed inside the dwelling, maintaining human health and preserving the natural environment , the quality of the internal environment is achieved by taking advantage of the climatic characteristics of the place in which the house is to be constructed, climatic characteristics mean the movement of the sun and the movement of the prevailing winds, as these elements must be used to help achieve the quality of the internal environment, the Jordanian guide for green buildings stipulated that the quality of the internal environment is met through some special standards, as these standards clarify the method of achieving the quality of the internal environment in the dwelling, it also evaluates it through earned points that show the extent to which the internal environment of the residence is compatible with these standards. The most important results obtained through the research were that the application of the internal environment quality standards of the Jordanian standard for green buildings benefits the natural environment and the residents of these dwellings, The standards of the guide helps to provide a healthy indoor environment that is free of contaminants and meets human comfort requirements.

Yukai Chen, Xin Yang, Zhihe Zhang et al.

The properties of giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) are very sensitive to external compressive stress. Knowledge of these key properties is of essential importance in practical applications such as high-power underwater transducers. Although the parameters of GMM have been extensively studied, characterization and analysis of magnetic, elastic, and piezoelectric losses under different compressive stresses are rarely reported due to the difficulty in experimentally realizing the ideal mechanical free or clamped boundary conditions. In this study, we designed a longitudinal transducer for complex parameters characterization of GMM. We successfully characterize the key three losses in GMM using a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) lumped parameter equivalent circuit model (LECM), meticulously incorporating the surface contact damping, stiffness, and structural losses. MDOF LECM provides a novel idea for loss characterization of GMM under compressive stress. In contrast to prior-art parameters characterization based on the distributed parameter equivalent circuit model (DECM), the proposed characterization based on MDOF LECM shows apparent superiority in terms of global sensitivity. The intensive losses of GMM for ten-time characterizations show high stability and are all positive. Statistical analysis of intensive losses&#x2019; dependency on the compressive stress is performed. A longitudinal transducer is designed for experimental verification. Finally, 95&#x0025; prediction and confidence intervals for the variation trend of the intensive losses in relationship with compressive stress are obtained.