Hasil untuk "Anthropology"

A. Gell

E. Tylor

V. Turner

S. Kaya, H. Jamali

A. James

M. Holbraad, M. Pedersen

A. Gell, E. Hirsch

Th~ complaint is commonly heard that art is a neglec~ed topic in present-day s~ .anthropology, especially in Britain. The marginalization of studies of prumnve art, by contras~ to the ~ense volume of studies of politics, ritual, exchange, and so f ?rth, IS too obvious a phenomenon to miss, especially if one draws a contrast with the situation prevailing before the advent of Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown. But why should this be so? I believe that it is more ~ a matter of clian~g fashions in the matter of selecting topics for study; 3:i if, by some collecnve whim, anthropologists had decided tci devote more tune to cross-cousin marriage and less to mats, pots, and carvings. On the ~on~, the ?~glect of art in modem social anthropology is necessary and ~ten~onal, am~g from. the fact that social anthropology is essentially, consntunonally, ann-art. This must seem a shocking assertion: how can anthropology,. by universal consent a Good Thing, be opposed to art, also universally co~dered an equally Good Thing, even a Better Thing? But I am afraid that this IS really so? because these two Good Things are Good according to fundamentally different and conflicting criteria. When I say that social anthropology is anti-art, I do not mean of course that .anthrop~lo~cal wisdom favours knocking down the National Gallery and turning the site into a car park. What I mean is only that the attitude of the an-lo~g public towards the contents of the National Gallery, the Museum of Mankind, and so on (aesthetic awe bordering on the religious) is an unredeemably ethnocentric attitude, however laudable in all other respects. Our value-system dictates that, unless we are philistines, we should attnlmte value to a culturally recognized category of art objects. Tirls attitude of aestheticism is culture-bound even though the objects in question derive from many different cultures, as when we pass effortlessly from the conte~pl~ti?n of a Tahitian sculpture to one by Brancusi, and back again. But this willingness to place ourselves under the spell of all manner of works of I

Tieu Thi My Hong, Nguyen Thi Thanh Tung, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thanh

Abstract The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on higher education (HE), fundamentally changing teaching, learning, research and academic management. Although there have been many studies on the application of AI in HE, the number of works that systematize and map global science, and connect it to the sustainable development (SD) agenda, is still limited. In this context, the aim of this study is to fill the gap through bibliometric analysis of 635 peer-reviewed scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database up to February 2025, focusing on the keywords “AI”, “higher education” and limiting the search field specifically to sources of “Social sciences”, “Psychology” and “Arts and Humanities”. Using VOSviewer tool, the study conducted co-occurrence, co-citation, and bibliographic linkage analysis to clarify publication trends, countries, authors, influential journals as well as emerging research topics. The findings show the existence of three phases of research development on AI in HE (2007–2018, 2019–2022 and 2023–2025) and eight main thematic clusters, with recent years highlighting Generative AI, academic integrity and education policy. The countries with the strongest influence and stable position on the academic map are noted as the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. In addition, the study also found a rise in the academic influence of some emerging countries such as Singapore and Malaysia compared to traditional leaders such as China and Saudi Arabia, reflecting a shift in the global knowledge landscape and an emphasis on quality over quantity. The study introduces the “AI-HE-SDGs” analytical framework, which conceptualizes AI not merely as a technological tool but also as a strategic catalyst for fostering a sustainable, ethical, and inclusive HE system. This framework aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 4, SDG 9, and SDG 16.

Aldilene Bezerra Pinheiro, Ademar Virgolino da Silva Netto, Elisangela Maria Rodrigues Rocha

As pilhas, integrantes dos resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos (REEE), podem apresentar metais pesados em suas composições que, quando descartados de forma inadequada, acarretam danos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Assim, este trabalho intencionou identificar a quantidade gerada e o fluxo de descarte de pilhas pós-consumo em João Pessoa (PB) a fim de fornecer informações que contribuem para o sistema de logística reversa desses resíduos na cidade. Para isso, foi realizado mapeamento dos pontos de entrega voluntária (PEV) de pilhas cadastrados na Green Eletron, com aplicação de checklist simplificado, in loco, bem como a coleta de dados em uma amostra de 400 habitantes, por meio de um formulário online, relacionados às pilhas consumidas. Os resultados identificaram que, dentre os PEV cadastrados, apenas 19 apresentaram situação de coleta ativa e destes, apenas 13 possuíam coletor em local visível e de fácil acesso. A maioria dos participantes realiza descarte de pilhas em lixeiras domiciliares (62,6%), classificam como ruim a prestação de informações de descarte nos estabelecimentos (50,5%), desconhecem a existência de PEV na cidade (67,3%), e possuem conhecimento sobre os riscos do descarte incorreto e os instrumentos legais disponíveis. Porém, relatam que a falta de PEV de pilhas seria uma das principais dificuldades para o descarte adequado; portanto, existem deficiências no gerenciamento atual de pilhas pós-consumo. Algumas sugestões de melhorias para o sucesso da logística reversa estão relacionadas à instalação de novos PEV com distribuição homogênea e maior divulgação dos pontos já existentes.

Karine Sartelet, Jules Kerckhoffs, Eleni Athanasopoulou et al.

Mapping urban pollution is essential for assessing population exposure and addressing associated health impacts. High urban concentrations are due to the proximity of sources such as traffic or residential heating, and to urban density with the presence of buildings that reduce street ventilation. This urban complexity makes fine-scale mapping challenging, even for regulated pollutants such as NO2 and PM2.5. In this study we apply state-of-the-art empirical and deterministic modeling approaches to produce high-resolution (<100 m) pollution maps across five European cities (Paris, Athens, Birmingham, Rotterdam, Bucharest). These methodologies enable full-city mapping capturing intra-urban gradients of concentrations. Depending on the methodology, regulated pollutants (NO2, PM2.5) and/or emerging pollutants (black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP characterized here by particulate number concentration PNC)) are considered. For deterministic modelling, different approaches are presented: a multi-scale Eulerian modelling chain down to the street scale with chemistry/aerosol dynamics at all scales, multi-scale hybrid models with Eulerian regional dispersion and Gaussian subgrid dispersion, and a Gaussian-based model. Empirical land use regression models were developed based upon mobile monitoring.To compare the relative performance of the methodologies and to evaluate their performance and limitations, the modelling results are compared to fixed measurement stations. We introduce a standardized metric to quantify spatial and seasonal variability and assess each method’s capacity to reproduce fine-scale urban heterogeneity. We also evaluate how data assimilation affects both concentration accuracy and variability representation—particularly relevant for emerging pollutants where measurement data are sparse. We confirm established seasonal and spatial patterns: spatial variability is more pronounced for PNC, NO2 and BC than PM2.5, and concentrations are higher during the winter periods. We also observe reduced spatial variability in winter for PM2. 5 (linked to residential heating) and for BC in cities with significant wood burning emissions. This study adds unique value by evaluating these patterns using fixed measurement stations, and quantifying them across entire urban areas at very fine spatial resolution (<100 m). Furthermore, important methodological strengths and limitations are pointed out, providing practical guidance for the selection and improvement of urban exposure mapping methods, supporting the implementation of the new EU Air Quality Directive.

Niloofar Asefi, Leonard Lupin-Jimenez, Tianning Wu et al.

Reconstructing ocean dynamics from observational data is fundamentally limited by the sparse, irregular, and Lagrangian nature of spatial sampling, particularly in subsurface and remote regions. This sparsity poses significant challenges for forecasting key phenomena such as eddy shedding and rogue waves. Traditional data assimilation methods and deep learning models often struggle to recover mesoscale turbulence under such constraints. We leverage a deep learning framework that combines neural operators with denoising diffusion probabilistic models to reconstruct high-resolution ocean states from extremely sparse Lagrangian observations. By conditioning the generative model on neural operator outputs, the framework accurately captures small-scale, high-wavenumber dynamics even at 99% sparsity (for synthetic data) and 99.9% sparsity (for real satellite observations). We validate our method on benchmark systems, synthetic float observations, and real satellite data, demonstrating robust performance under severe spatial sampling limitations as compared to other deep learning baselines.

Ade Pugara, Aries Susanty, Ratna Purwaningsih

Perkotaan Muara Taweh merupakan pusat aktivitas dari Kabupaten Barito Utara. Sebagai Kawasan strategis di bidang ekonomi, Kementerian ATR BPN memberikan bantuan untuk penyusunan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang atau RDTR sebagai upaya penataan Kawasan yang lebih detail. Pada dokumen RDTR Perkotaan Muara Taweh 2022 – 2042, terdapat rencana Ruang Terbuka Hijau atau RTH baik berupa rimba kota, taman kota, taman kecamatan hingga jalur hijau. Rencana RTH ini diharapkan dapat menstabilkan iklim mikro perkotaan, menjadi resapan air hingga melindungi keanekaragaman hayati setempat. Dengan demikian, maka RTH harus ditempatkan pada lokasi yang sesuai dengan fungsinya. Hal ini diperlukan untuk menanggulangi beberapa permasalahan yang ada di Perkotaan Muara Taweh diantaranya tingginya polusi udara, kurangnya tutupan vegetasi dan kurangnya tutupan vegetasi pada RTH eksisting. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengevaluasi perencanaan ruang terbuka hijau terhadap kondisi suhu permukaan bumi di Perkotaan Muara Taweh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deduktif – kuantitatif – rasionalistik serta melalui alat overlay, maka didapatkan bahwa mayoritas RTH yang berupa rimba kota terletak pada kawasan sejuk. Hal ini menjadi poin yang tidak sesuai dengan fungsi RTH di bidang stabilitas iklim mikro, khususnya menurunkan suhu kawasan.  Dari hasil evaluasi diketahui RTH Taman Kota, Jalur Hijau dan Taman RW memiliki kesesuaian lokasi karena diletakan pada kawasan dengan suhu 30 – 34 oC. Dari ketiganya, Pemakaman memiliki tingkat penurunan tertinggi yaitu hingga 0,7 oC. Sementara itu, taman kota mampu menuruankan suhu hingga 0,28 oC. Sedangkan taman RW hanya dapat menurunkan suhu sekitar 0,21 oC.

Kefyalew Tessema Semu

Dissertation abstract.

Joshi Rutuparna, Zhu Ming

Progressively, geosynthetics have been used in combination with and in lieu of natural materials to solve complex geotechnical problems while offering a drastic reduction in carbon emissions and minimizing environmental impacts. Commonly used final cover systems for landfills and containment areas include soil-only, soil-geosynthetic, engineered turf cover (ETC), and evapotranspiration (ET) cover system. This presentation provides a detailed review of various sustainability aspects of a geosynthetic ETC including comparisons with traditional covers. Sustainability aspects considered include carbon emissions; deforestation, land use change and borrow areas; land, soil and water conservation; run-off water quality and downstream impacts; reduction in fugitive landfill gas emissions; and beneficial reuse opportunities.

Joy Gabriella Davidsen

Offentlige debatter om religiøse ritualer preges ofte av at ulike verdier, ideologier og livssyn kolliderer. Rituell omskjæring av gutter er et religiøst ritual som har vært gjenstand for mye offentlig debatt i Norge, spesielt de siste 10 årene. I denne artikkelen undersøker jeg hva som kjennetegner den medisinske debatten om omskjæring i Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening mellom 2012 og 2016, og hvordan den preges av normkonflikt. Debatten oppstod i kjølvannet av Helse- og omsorgsdepartementets lovforslag om rituell omskjæring av gutter i 2011. Selv om lovforslaget hovedsakelig omhandlet hvem som kunne utføre inngrepet, omhandler debatten i tidsskriftet hvorvidt ritualet i det hele tatt bør tillates i Norge og i helsevesenet. I denne artikkelen drøfter jeg hvordan et religiøst ritual blir debattert i et medisinsk tidsskrift, hvorfor debatten fremstår så polarisert og uoversiktlig, og hvordan forholdet mellom «sekularitet» og «religion» fremstilles og diskuteres i en medisinsk kontekst. Mitt hovedfunn er at debatten mangler et felles normgrunnlag for å diskutere rituell omskjæring. Dette gjør at partene snakker forbi hverandre, og i siste instans angriper hverandres standpunkter og etos. Språket preges også av et utpreget skille mellom et «sekulært oss» og et «religiøst dem», noe som vanskeliggjør mulighetene for en saklig og fruktbar debatt.

Somnath Hazra, Amit Ghosh, Subhajit Ghosh et al.

The geo-climatic setting of the Odisha coast is prone to natural calamities like cyclones, storm surges, inundation, along with changing sea level, which indicates a higher level of coastal vulnerability. Climate-induced natural hazards are frequent on the Odisha coast, which leads to adverse impacts on life and property and intensive crop damage. The frequent natural hazards and sea-level rise (SLR) are accelerating the probable impact from severe storm surges and high waves in the future. The futuristic projection of the cyclone, storm surge, inundation and SLR has been estimated. Also, their probable impact on the coastal community has been portrayed.

D. I. Benn, A. C. Fowler, I. Hewitt et al.

We present the first general theory of glacier surging that includes both temperate and polythermal glacier surges, based on coupled mass and enthalpy budgets. Enthalpy (in the form of thermal energy and water) is gained at the glacier bed from geothermal heating plus frictional heating (expenditure of potential energy) as a consequence of ice flow. Enthalpy losses occur by conduction and loss of meltwater from the system. Because enthalpy directly impacts flow speeds, mass and enthalpy budgets must simultaneously balance if a glacier is to maintain a steady flow. If not, glaciers undergo out-of-phase mass and enthalpy cycles, manifest as quiescent and surge phases. We illustrate the theory using a lumped element model, which parameterizes key thermodynamic and hydrological processes, including surface-to-bed drainage and distributed and channelized drainage systems. Model output exhibits many of the observed characteristics of polythermal and temperate glacier surges, including the association of surging behaviour with particular combinations of climate (precipitation, temperature), geometry (length, slope) and bed properties (hydraulic conductivity). Enthalpy balance theory explains a broad spectrum of observed surging behaviour in a single framework, and offers an answer to the wider question of why the majority of glaciers do not surge.

Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, Anderson Soares da Silva, Laercio Joel Franco et al.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and diabetes among elderly users of primary healthcare facilities in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and to investigate the association between these chronic conditions and physical activity and the degree of independence on the performance of activities of daily living. The study included 357 subjects aged 60 years or older. The classification of physical activity was based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) was applied to assess activities of daily living. Prevalence of diabetes was associated with the level of physical activity, the self-perception of health and the degree of independence on the performance of activities of daily living. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of hypertension and these variables. These findings reinforce the relevance of continuous strategies of management of diabetes in the primary healthcare facilities based on the promotion of physical and occupational activities.

Miller Urszula, Grzelka Agnieszka, Romanik Elżbieta et al.

Operation of municipal management facilities is inseparable from the problem of malodorous compounds emissions to the atmospheric air. In that case odor nuisance is related to the chemical composition of waste, sewage and sludge as well as to the activity of microorganisms whose products of life processes can be those odorous compounds. Significant reduction of odorant emission from many sources can be achieved by optimizing parameters and conditions of processes. However, it is not always possible to limit the formation of odorants. In such cases it is best to use appropriate deodorizing methods. The choice of the appropriate method is based on in terms of physical parameters, emission intensity of polluted gases and their composition, if it is possible to determine. Among the solutions used in municipal economy, there can be distinguished physico-chemical methods such as sorption and oxidation. In cases where the source of the emission is not encapsulated, odor masking techniques are used, which consists of spraying preparations that neutralize unpleasant odors. The paper presents the characteristics of selected methods of eliminating odor nuisance and evaluation of their applicability in municipal management facilities.

Krzysztof Parzych

The subject of the study was the description of the recreational function of the State Forests in the Central Pomerania area.  An analysis of the recreational potential of the State Forests in 11 poviats of Central Pomerani a was conducted, with an indication of the main forms of tourism and recreation. The development of the area  of Central Pomerania State Forests from the point of view of forms of tourism and recreation that could  be implemented in their area was also analyzed. As the source material was used to query the resources of the website www.czaswlas.pl. and individual field observations. Analysis of the obtained results indicates  the important role of tourism and recreation infrastructure in the management of the Central Pomeranian State Forest’s  area. At the same time, there are large spatial disparities in the distribution of particular elements  of tourist and recreational infrastructure. The areas of the State Forests of the poviats are the best ones: bytowski, drawski, słupski and szczecinecki, the least urban poviats of Slupsk and Koszalin, białogardzki, and sławieński